10,000 Matching Annotations
  1. Aug 2023
    1. family has a high potential to impact quality family time, sometimes resulting in lesser educational outcomes. Connecting dysfunctional social institutions, Shirley Better presented the term web of institutional racism, further discussed in Chapter 6.5, to explain the interrelated impact of substandard housing, poor schooling opportunities, lack of job opportunities, and inadequate health care.

      .

    1. Gender stratification focuses on the unequal access females have to socially valued resources, power, prestige, and personal freedom as compared to men based on differing positions within the socio-cultural hierarchy (Light, Keller, & Calhoun, 1997). Traditionally, society treats women as second-class citizens in society. The design of dominant gender ideologies and inequality maintains the prevailing social structure, presenting male privilege as part of the natural order (Parenti, 2006). Theorists suggest society is a male dominated patriarchy where men think of themselves as inherently superior to women resulting in unequal distribution of rewards between men and women (Henslin, 2011).

      .

    2. Gender Stratification Each of us is born with physical characteristics that represent and socially assign our sex and gender. Sex refers to our biological differences, and gender the cultural traits assigned to females and males (Kottak & Kozaitis, 2012). While our physical make-up distinguishes our sex, society and our social interaction implicates the gender socialization process we will experience throughout our life. Gender identity is an individual’s self-concept and their association with femininity, masculinity and perhaps questioning of these social categories. Children learn gender roles a

      .

    3. Racial Stratification Probably the best way to begin to understand racial and ethnic inequality in the United States is to read first-hand accounts by such great writers of color as Maya Angelou, Toni Morrison, Piri Thomas, Richard Wright, and Malcolm X, all of whom wrote moving, autobiographical accounts of the bigotry and discrimination they faced while growing up. Sociologists and urban ethnographers have written their own accounts of the daily lives of people of color, and these, too, are well worth reading. One of the classics is Elliot Liebow’s (1967)Tally’s Corner, a study of Black men and their families in Washington, DC.

      .

    1. But there is another goal for safety, and this deals with safety literacy in the digital age, that is, in this age of instant information, where people can post false claims online, it is important that students develop the skills to evaluate chemical safety information.

      We added chemical literacy

    1. second is to develop the proper protocols and procedures for performing experimental activities so that when the student enters advanced courses or the work force, t

      What we will see is we added safety literacy in the post pandemic description

    1. The piston moves as the molecules of the gas rapidly equilibrate to the applied pressure such that the internal and external pressures are the same.

      Goes from pressure difference (gradient) to equilibrium

    1. The Conflict Paradigm The Conflict paradigm does a very good job of explaining racism, sexism, ageism, socioeconomic inequality (wealth and poverty), etc. The Conflict paradigm describes the inequalities that exist in all societies around the globe.

      The Conflict Paradigm.

    2. SES is an abbreviation of socioeconomic status and is comprised of the combined effects of income, education, and occupation.

      SES - Socio-Economic Status

    3. A paradigm is a description of the world of human behavior; it is a description of society. A paradigm is a description of the interactions of human beings within any society. Paradigms are broad viewpoints or perspectives that permit social scientists to have a wide range of tools to describe society, and then to build hypotheses and theories. Paradigms don't do anything but DESCRIBE!

      What is a paradigm

    1. work done W is equal to the strain energy U stored when deforming the system

      This should be declared as follow: the work done W is equal to half the strain energy U stored when deforming the system. Because if so, mathematically W would equal to half the product of force and displacement.

  2. Jul 2023
    1. He explains that rich white men have convinced poor white men that all of their problems are the result of Black and Brown people. Rather than poor white men aligning their interests with poor people of color, they instead align themselves with the elite white men who control the country. His mantra is that white men particularly have engrained racial superiority, white supremacy, and white privilege, yet he also projects that this racism can be unlearned in pursuit of anti-racism which is discussed in the final section of this chapter.

      I want to explore it in relation to white trans femmes in particular [11:27 PM]Decay Toad: How their experiences with racial superiority contrast/compare to white cis people's experiences vs trans poc, and then how the transgender identity intersects with that and perhaps increases exposure/understanding of leftist politics [11:28 PM]Decay Toad: OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO the phenomenon of former alt-right white people who become deradicalized and then come out as trans

    1. The image below the following text has the energies reversed compared to the text itself. I think it was a typo in the image, as it shows the conjugated pentadiene having a greater energy release (implying a higher initial state) than the 1,4-pentadiene

      "A very important concept to keep in mind is that there is an inherent thermodynamic stability associated with conjugation. This stability can be measured experimentally by comparing the heat of hydrogenation of two different dienes. (Hydrogenation is a reaction type that we will learn much more about in chapter 15: essentially, it is the process of adding a hydrogen molecule - two protons and two electrons - to a p bond). When the two conjugated double bonds of 1,3-pentadiene are 'hydrogenated' to produce pentane, about 225 kJ is released per mole of pentane formed. Compare that to the approximately 250 kJ/mol released when the two isolated double bonds in 1,4-pentadiene are hydrogenated, also forming pentane."

    1. a cooler body radiates less energy than a warmer body.

      As the temperature rises of a body change in colour is observed from red to orange then yellow the almost white. White colour states that the body is radiating heat[Energy] at max level.

    1. 3/2O2

      Quick reminder that this is incorrect. Instead of three halfs, it should be 3 and a half, 3 1/2 or 7/2. Save yourself from being stupid like me.

    1. Después de la extracción, los analitos en el acetato de etilo tienen una concentración 67 veces mayor que la de la muestra original (asumiendo que la extracción es 100% eficiente).

      La concentración aumenta x67

    1. Concepts, Constructs, and Variables Last updated Aug 21, 2021 Save as PDF 2.1: Unit of Analysis 2.3: Propositions and Hypotheses picture_as_pdfFull BookPageDownloadsFull PDFImport into LMSIndividual ZIPBuy Print CopyPrint Book FilesSubmit Adoption ReportPeer ReviewDonate /*<![CDATA[*/ window.hypothesisConfig = function () { return { "showHighlights": false }; }; //localStorage.setItem('darkMode', 'false'); window.beelineEnabled = true; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].prepend(document.getElementById('mt-screen-css'),document.getElementById('mt-print-css')); //$('head').prepend($('#mt-print-css')); //$('head').prepend($('#mt-screen-css'));/*]]>*/ Page ID26212 /*<![CDATA[*/window.addEventListener('load', ()=>LibreTexts.TOC(undefined, undefined, true));/*]]>*/ /*<![CDATA[*/ //CORS override LibreTexts.getKeys().then(()=>{ if(!$.ajaxOld){ $.ajaxOld = $.ajax; $.ajax = (url, options)=> { if(url.url && url.url.includes('.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files')) { let [subdomain, path] = LibreTexts.parseURL(); let token = LibreTexts.getKeys.keys[subdomain]; url.headers = Object.assign(url.headers || {}, {'x-deki-token':token}); } else if (typeof url === 'string' && url.includes('.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files')){ let [subdomain, path] = LibreTexts.parseURL(); let token = LibreTexts.getKeys.keys[subdomain]; options.headers = Object.assign(options.headers || {}, {'x-deki-token':token}); } return $.ajaxOld(url, options); } } });/*]]>*/ Anol BhattacherjeeUniversity of South Florida via Global Text Project

      Bhattacherjee, A. (2021). Unit of Analysis: Concepts, Constructs, and Variables. (2), 3. Libre Texts Social Sciences

    1. Words have limitations. There are numerous areas where nonverbal communication is more effective than verbal (describing the shape of something, or providing quick direction, for instance). We can't control nonverbal behaviors as easily as spoken words. Since nonverbal communication may be unconscious, it tends to be more genuine than words. Nonverbal signals can express feelings inappropriate to state: social etiquette limits what can be said, but nonverbal cues can communicate thoughts. A separate communication channel is useful to help send complex messages: a speaker can add enormously to the complexity of the verbal message through simple nonverbal signals."  (Jones)

      Why humans continue to use noverbal communication

    1. 4.4: Decide How Strong the Evidence Is

      Inductive reasoning is widely used in academic arguments to draw general conclusions from supporting evidence such instances, facts, statistics, testimonials, or anecdotes. It helps prevent negative assumptions and determines whether there is enough information to make a judgment.

    1. Why are generalizations important to arguments?

      Argument from deduction asserts All Citizens, including instructors, are entitled to free expression under the First Amendment, albeit this right may not always apply. Employers may prescribe rights, and deductive reasoning may refute the broad assertion.

    1. In Chapters 2 and 3

      Chapters 2 and 3 analyze and summarize ideas without taking a position. Readers should understand the author's objectives, the original content, and its relevance before developing a judgment. Youngsters can then understand the reasoning behind the debate and provide their own perspective as a result. In order to stress the need of thoroughly reading the material before passing judgment, the essay compares one movie reviewer with another.

    1. The U.S. Senate is pretty much a millionaires’ club now, for example, and while it’s not impossible for a very wealthy person to understand the concerns of someone who is poor, it may also be harder for them to understand the concerns of the less wealthy

      if those of a lower economic class were able to sustain political election campaigns, I believe that there would be greater support and empathy for the oppression of the lower economic classes. There is limited understanding on improving a system, or admitting there is an unfair system, if that very system has only shown to benefit you. This means if you believe the current system has no fundamental flaws for those of different class because your class is comfortable, then it may seem like there is nothing to adjust to begin with.

    1. El razonamiento analógico es omnipresente en la vida cotidiana. Nos basamos en analogías —similitudes entre las circunstancias actuales y las que ya hemos vivido— para guiar nuestras acciones. Utilizamos comparaciones con personas, lugares y cosas familiares para guiar nuestras evaluaciones de las nuevas. Criticamos los argumentos de la gente a partir de su parecido con líneas de razonamiento obviamente absurdas.

      importante

    1. political issue

      It is not just a "political issue." There is scientific debate as far as the effectiveness of masking, the effectiveness of the vaccines, if 90% vaccination rate really means anything, and much more. Labeling it as simply a political issue effectively stifled any criticism, as any criticism was seen as coming from one political group directed at a different political group, rather than a criticism of any facts. One could not even present facts since they were quickly shut down with statments like, "You must be a Trump-supporting racist!"

    2. wearing masks for the unvaccinated

      Is that to say that only the "unvaccinated" can get and spread COVID? It is still a common misconception being spread that vaccination prevents infection and spread of COVID.

    1. Sample Assessment- "Typography and Identity"

      In visual communication, typography is essential because it affects identity in ways that go beyond aesthetics. With relation to visual branding and cultural representation, this article examines how font design affects cultural identity, communicates meaning, and changes perceptions. Designers may produce powerful and meaningful designs that resonate with a variety of people and cultures by grasping the power of typography.

    1. Sample Assessment- "Spread Feminism, Not Germs"

      The COVID-19 epidemic has brought attention to the importance of public health initiatives and their effects on society. We emphasize the importance of feminism and gender equality in public health in this article. Assessing healthcare access, gender roles in policy, and the disproportionate impact on low-income areas serve to highlight the need for an inclusive and equitable approach. A more inclusive and equitable public health system may result from addressing gender differences in pandemic response, policymaking, and access to healthcare. Feminist public health advocacy can result in improved health outcomes and a culture that values the dignity and welfare of people of all genders.

    1. Sample Assessment Essays

      A sample assessment essay is an example of a written piece that demonstrates the ability to examine, evaluate, and provide critical feedback on a certain topic or issue. These essays are commonly used in educational settings to evaluate students' reading comprehension, critical-thinking skills, and writing prowess.

    1. Common Assessment Phrases

      Use concise, evaluative language when making remarks or evaluations. Common evaluation criteria include having great understanding, critical thinking, attention to detail, meeting deadlines, collaboration, considerable improvement, innovative problem-solving, a strong work ethic, organizational abilities, a positive attitude, flexibility, and exceptional professionalism.

    1. Common Argument Phrases

      Word choice is an important component in developing an argument and conveying ideas. These words can provide evidence, connect concepts, give refutations, and summarize significant points to assist you in organizing your thoughts, establishing a logical flow, and defending your stance.

    1. Sample Notes on an Argument's Limits

      A number of the argument's shortcomings include using data from the preceding ten years, focusing primarily on case studies, neglecting examination of counterarguments, ignoring contextual elements, stakeholder viewpoints, and ethical issues. In addition, it overlooks social or environmental repercussions and only considers data from the preceding ten years.

    2. Common Phrases Used to Limit Arguments

      By setting clear expectations and boundaries, conflicts can be reduced. Typical expressions include acknowledging potential scope, limitations, focusing on specific aspects, realizing that it might not apply universally, viewing within a specific framework, providing helpful insights but not covering all, serving as a starting point for further discussion, and not addressing complexities. The argument is supported and overgeneralization is prevented.

    1. Common Phrases for Responding to Counterarguments

      Assess the issues raised by the counterarguments, acknowledge their truthfulness, set them apart from the primary argument, and then develop a well-thought-out response to address them. The expressions "consider the topic," "acknowledge the concern raised," "acknowledge the validity," "compare the counterargument with the major problem," "address the essential point," and "display a comprehensive comprehension of the subject" are frequent examples.

    1. Common Phrases That Introduce Counterarguments

      In making a counterargument, it's important to consider competing ideas and objections. The phrases "Some may argue that," "Opponents may state that," "It may be argued that," "On the other hand," "However," and "However" are frequently used to introduce counterarguments. But, despite this, detractors claim that..., it's important to understand the opposing perspective, and one to take into account is...

    1. Finding the Reasons

      Understanding the counterarguments makes it easier to grasp the supporting logic and evidence for the primary claim. While supporting material, such as data, facts, figures, professional opinions, research findings, or narratives, is crucial, key statements offer explanations, reasons, and examples. Evaluating the validity and applicability of the evidence is necessary to ascertain the arguments' persuasiveness. It is simple to evaluate the author's persuasiveness as well as the logic and supporting evidence for the primary argument by identifying both explicit and implicit reasons.

    1. Deciding Which Is the Main Claim

      An argument's central assertion acts as its center of gravity and expresses the author's point of view. That is consistent with the main argument and the author's final goal. Look for specific statements, choose the most important point, assess the evidence, take the logical flow into account, and focus on the author's goal when choosing the major claim. It is crucial to carefully think over and evaluate the entire argument.

    1. Sample Margin Notes on an Argument's Claims

      Margin notes are annotations or comments made in the margins that offer commentary, analysis, or clarification. They interact with the material, draw attention to key ideas, pose queries, and present opposing viewpoints. Margin notes encourage readers to interact with the argument critically and evaluate the reality of the assertions, serve as reminders for further inquiry or discussion, and provide further resources.

      The reasons given by Margin for migration—economic inequality, political unpredictability, environmental concerns, family reunion, and interpersonal relationships—are confirmed by facts and case studies.

    2. Sample Argument: "Wouldn’t We All Cross the Border?"

      The idea that people move for pragmatic or opportunistic reasons is challenged by the widespread disagreement regarding the motivations for migration in the discussion over immigration laws. Understanding the intricate causes of migration may increase empathy and give one a richer perspective on the human condition. Compassionate causes and reasonable laws may arise from addressing the fundamental causes of migration as well as economic inequality, political irrationality, environmental problems, and interpersonal connections.

    1. Claims of Value

      Claims of value are arbitrary evaluations of something's value, morality, or quality that are typically influenced by the preferences, convictions, cultural norms, or subjective opinions of the individual making the claim. These can vary from person to person and involve developing a hierarchy of values or desirable qualities and engaging in comparison thinking. For instance, the value evaluation of education places a strong emphasis on the importance of education for societal advancement as well as personal accomplishment. In debating these value claims, it is critical to respect opposing viewpoints and engage in polite debate.

    2. Claims of Fact

      Claims of fact are unbiased claims that make certain facts about a subject known and are backed by evidence and logic. They are crucial in academic and scientific discourse, public debates, and judicial processes because they encourage critical thinking and discussion of the available evidence. These claims are supported by reliable sources like empirical research, facts, statistics, professional testimony, or first-hand observations.

    1. In Chapter 3, we’ll discuss how to use this logical map to write a summary, and in Chapter 4, we’ll see how to follow up the summary with our own opinions.

      Students are required to read, evaluate, and criticise the writing of others for their college courses. Resources are provided in this chapter for understanding argument structure and assessing how it affects audience trust and emotion. The objective of the argument and its linkages to other portions should be recorded in a visual map that the students create. Using this logical map, they provide their own findings in Chapter 4 after summarizing their study.

  3. Jun 2023
    1. Why assumptions matter

      Questioning assumptions is a crucial technique for testing argument validity and proving its assumptions. It is a core slow thinking practice in college and can be empowering in various aspects of life. It empowers those less privileged, sets aside stereotypes, and connects authentically, as encouraged by Michelle Obama. Questioning assumptions also helps problem-solve and think outside the box, challenging power structures that limit our views.

    1. The evidence may not be representative (hasty generalization)

      Inductive reasoning is a crucial method in academic arguments to explore evidence, such as examples, facts, statistics, testimonials, or anecdotes, to arrive at a general conclusion. Hasty generalization can lead to negative stereotypes about various aspects, but absence of evidence can sometimes provide useful information. Inductive reasoning is essential for determining when enough evidence is enough to support a general conclusion.

    1. The First Amendment guarantees the right of free speech to all Americans. Therefore, teachers have the right to express themselves freely in the classroom.

      The deductive argument asserts that the First Amendment guarantees freedom of speech to all Americans, including teachers. However, it does not guarantee absolute freedom in all situations, as courts recognize exceptions like doctor confidentiality, teacher violence, and hate speech. Additionally, the First Amendment does not apply when an individual works for an employer, as employers can dictate their rights. Inductive arguments may not invalidate the argument if they uncover an exception to the general claim.

    1. In Chapters 2 and 3,

      Chapters 2 and 3 analyze and summarize arguments without offering opinions. We as Readers are ready to listen to our assessment, as we understand the original text and understand the author's purpose and meaning.

    2. a reviewer has to give some picture of what the movie is like before praising or panning it.

      I like how they made the comparison to the movie reviewer. You must first explain what the text is about then give your opinion.

    3. Our critique will be clearer since we have spent time thinking about the foundations of the argument and the author’s purpose and meaning.

      The text is explaining that it is important that before you give your opinion on the text, you must first understand the text to know what it is really saying. This way you are able to make better judgement.

    4. . The work we have done puts us in the best position to add something of our own to the conversation.

      Chapters 2 and 3 analyze and summarize arguments without offering opinions. Readers often question agreement or disagreement, feeling uneasy or uncertain. They seek their voice and weigh in when understanding the original text. By considering the argument's foundations, author's purpose, and meaning, their critique becomes clearer, allowing them to add their own perspective.

    1. ave run out of gas. You can buy gauges that measure the pressure inside the tank to see how much is left.

      This is not true. Pressure in the tank does not tell you how much gas is left, and pressure gauges for this purpose cannot be bought (for propane). Pressure in the tank is dependent on temperature, but will be constant at a given temperature, as long as there is any liquid propane in the tank. To determine how much propane is left, you need to weigh the tank. This needs an example for which the gas does not liquefy under the relevant pressures--maybe a compressor for air tools?

    1. Los agentes físicos incluyen métodos de control tales como temperatura alta o baja, desecación, presión osmótica, radiación y filtración. El control por agentes químicos se refiere al uso de desinfectantes, antisépticos, antibióticos y químicos antimicrobianos quimioterapéuticos.

      Los agentes físicos incluyen métodos de control tales como temperatura alta o baja, desecación, presión osmótica, radiación y filtración. El control por agentes químicos se refiere al uso de desinfectantes, antisépticos, antibióticos y químicos antimicrobianos quimioterapéuticos.

    1. we can describe any areas of ambiguity by adding questions to our summary of the argument

      I like how they phrased this, "adding questions to our summary". I feel like this would make it easier to tell if the argument is ambiguous.

    1. sucking reflex (infants suck on objects that touch their lips automatically), the rooting reflex (which involves turning toward any object that touches the cheek), the palmar grasp (the infant will tightly grasp any object placed in its palm), and the dancing reflex (evident when the infant is held in a standing position and moves its feet up and down alternately as if dancing)

      important!!

    1. Falsifiability separates science from pseudoscience. Scientists are wary of explanations of natural phenomena that discourage or avoid falsifiability. An explanation that cannot be tested or does not meet scientific standards is not considered science, but pseudoscience. Pseudoscience is a collection of ideas that may appear scientific but does not use the scientific method. Astrology is an example of pseudoscience. It is a belief system that attributes the movement of celestial bodies to influencing human behavior. Astrologers rely on celestial observations, but their conclusions are not based on experimental evidence and their statements are not falsifiable. This is not to be confused with astronomy which is the scientific study of celestial bodies and the cosmos [2,3].

      science requires that an explanation has to be falsifiability in order to meet scientific standards.

  4. chem.libretexts.org chem.libretexts.org
    1. C # 6. In the ring structure this results in a upward projection. The Alpha position is defined as the -OH being on the opposite side of the ring as the C # 6.

      C#5

    1. 6. How can you communicate non-verbally that you are listening?

      By nodding your head, making sure they know you understand or agree with what they are saying. Have a good posture makes them feel comfortable. Eye contact is essential to make them feel seen, payed attention to. If the audience is leaning in to the speaker, it helps the speaker know that the audience is engaged and attentive.

    2. 5. What does an effective listener do with the extra thought process time while a speaker is speaking only 150 words-per-minute?

      An effective listener would process the information and actively listen no matter how slow they might speak. Being able to be patient is a great skill to have. It could also be time to write down any questions you wanted to ask during their speech. It is ideal to nod along and non verbally let them know they are being heard.

    3. 4. Identify the three main barriers to listening. Which of these barriers is most problematic for you? What can you do about it?

      The three main barriers are anticipating, judging, and reacting emotionally. The most problematic would be reacting emotionally because it might feel as if it cannot be controlled. It takes great effort to be able to see the good in the bad when it took a long time to get over it.

    4. 7. What are some considerations in offering constructive feedback?

      To separate the positive from the negative and draw a clear line in between. Trust is a fundamental part because if the speaker or listener don't have trust, they aren't able to connect. Be considerate of different opinions and point of views. They might take offense to something that was said light-heartedly.

    5. 3. Name and give an example of each of the three A’s of active listening.

      Attention: when actively paying attention, you are able to focus on that objective. Paying attention to body language is necessary because you are able to decipher the message the speaker wants to be received. It also helps to know what the speaker is feeling. Being attentive to what they say can be meaningful because you are able to see things from a different point of view and able to learn from it.

    6. 8. What are strategies that help hold your listeners’ attention during your speech?

      Eye contact is ideal to make the audience feel like they are being talked to and to feel comfortable. Body language if used right can send a good message of being confident, professional, and open. Clear projection is essential for the message to be received. It is important to not speak in a monotone.

    7. 3. Reflect on a situation in your personal life where poor listening skills created a problem. Briefly describe the situation, then spend the bulk of your reflection analyzing what went wrong in terms of listening and how, specifically, effective listening would have made a difference. Share your observations in small group class discussion.

      Scenario/Situation: My dad tells me to clean my room but I forget because I didn't listen correctly.It would have been ideal to focus directly to what he had to say instead of multi-tasking while he spoke to me.

    8. 2. Listen to someone you disagree with (maybe a politician from the opposing party) and work to listen actively with an open mind. Try to pay attention to the person’s argument and the reasons he offers in support of his point of view. Your goal is to identify why the speaker believes what he does and how he proves it. You need not be converted by this person’s argument.

      A disagreement is how the internet is needed for everyday life. I think that people can survive without electronics, however, it was brought to my attention how we still need it daily for school, work, etc. While this is true, you can ask teachers for a physical copy of the assignment. At work, you could express your thoughts and try to come up with a solution.

    9. 1. What distinguishes listening from hearing?

      Listening is actively paying attention and processing what is being said. Hearing is when you can hear what is being said, but not processing and interpret the information. Everyone can hear, but not all can listen. Active listening is to be open to other opinions and paying thoughtful attention to the speaker.

    10. 2. What are some benefits for you personally from effective listening?

      It can make you learn and become a better listener and speaker. Listening makes you come up with ways to entertain and connect with an audience when speaking. Actively listening helps enhance critical thinking when a message needs to be interpreted in a different way.Listening can make the speaker feel heard and important.

    1. Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death.

      They state this in the begining because they want to make it clear that she has heart disease for later on in the story..

    1. this fast-growing and increasingly popular genre is defined as: "true stories, well told" (Gutkind). That is, creative nonfiction stories depict real-life events, places, people, and experiences, but do so in a way that is immersive, so readers feel emotionally invested in the writing in a way they probably are not as invested in, say, a textbook or a more formal autobiography.

      This is a concise description of what creative nonfiction is, giving a reader the understanding and distinction of the genre itself.

    2. The narrator will be asking questions to the readers and that they imagined "what color are the eyes when the moonlight reflects" that would be like telling a story where you have to imagine more than what is spoken and not real facts .

    3. The author must use literary styles and techniques to create factually accurate narratives that are real for that reason he does not have the freedom to talk about what he wants.

    4. This story in which Jeannette tells us about her family, her father transmits to her children the passion to live despite her addiction to alcoholism and a mother who is a painter but who does not like being the mother of four children.

    1. __________________________________________________________________

      1.) Going to the teacher and asking if you can attend the part you missed 2.) Asking for a extra copy of notes to write down from the teacher 3.)

    1. emographics, environmental and occupational exposures, social determinants of health, health disparities, physical, functional, psychosocial, emotional, cognitive, spiritual/transpersonal, sexual, sociocultural, age-related, environmental, and lifestyle/economic assessments.”[1]

      Health data = demographics

    1. __________________________________________________________________

      In the front row becasue the professor can read your body laguange and can see how your doing in the class by that.

    2. My excellent listener would be my Grandma. When anyone talks to me grandma, keeps eye contact till your done talking , her body is towards you in a open way so that you can see shes interestd in the converstion. My poor listener would be my little cousin. Becasue shes little her attention span is very small, while your takling shes always moving, and zoning out.

      I think I have more of my Grandmas traits.

    1. __________________________________________________________________

      I would want students that I know are doing well in the course, becasue they are also there to study, but they can help with questions we have, and help as a guidance.

    2. __________________________________________________________________

      Look at what supplies you have like notes, papers from before, etc. and looking back too see if there are topics that can help you study or any questions you feel you need ask.

    3. I think the skill I want to lean is the think small skill. Normally when I study it's with a larger group of people and I think in order for me too learn more in that class, pass test, etc. I need to think smaller.

    1. Mycorrhiza is a root modification started when fungus penetrates root and makes it more efficient in mineral and water absorption: it will exchange these for organic compounds. In addition to mycorrhizal fungi, endophytic fungi inhabit other plant organs and tissues.

      Mychorrhiza

    1. __________________________________________________________________

      I'm a tradition student, and the advantage I believe I have from this is I'm used to reading out of textbooks, going to study hall, attending classes. As where returning students have go get used to the college life again.

    1. __________________________________________________________________

      I value my work ethic and my willingness to start something from finish to end, and I see that being in the way of me going to hang out with friends etc.

    2. __________________________________________________________________

      I value stuff like nice cars, a good home, a great income just like everyone else, and yes my collage education will give me that but it will also give me the blessing of meeting new people and making memories that will last forever, and that's how I believe ill be richer in my future.

    3. ________________________________________________________

      I anticipate the hardest part being learning to juggle everything along with making time for other fun activities,

    1. his type of discovery links a relationship to modern human behavior and demonstrates the complex cognitive development of prehistoric humans.

      the discovery of the art in the caves was able to understand they had a modern human behavior

    2. caves had been open and exposed t

      the art they made if caves werent sealed off they would of been destroyed or subjected to natural forces like mold causing them to vanish over time

    3. indigenous people make sense of their world and offer a way to communicate with others, and in some cave

      A possible reason why the indigenous people made drawings was probably to make sense of their world or a form of communication

    1. The quantum harmonic oscillator is the quantum analog of the classical harmonic oscillator and is one of the most important model systems in quantum mechanics. This is due in partially to the fact that an arbitrary potential curve V(x)V(x)V(x) can usually be approximated as a harmonic potential at the vicinity of a stable equilibrium point. Furthermore, it is one of the few quantum-mechanical systems for which an exact, analytical solution exists. Solving other potentials typically require either approximations or numerical approaches to identify the corresponding eigenstates and eigenvalues (i.e., wavefunctions and energies).

      Eigenstates & eigenvalues

    1. Just as our perception of others affects how we communicate, so does our perception of ourselves.

      As chapter one mentioned, I think that positive or negative self-talk also plays a big role in how we perceive ourselves. I think that if talk to ourselves with compassion and understanding when we have negative thoughts and feelings about ourselves, it would definitely help increase our self-esteem. This section talks about how if you only think good things about yourself, it can lead to an unrealistic sense of self. Like I said, I think that it's okay to have positive self-talk when things go wrong, or you make a mistake to maintain your self-esteem. This can allow you to self-reflect and make improvements without harming your self-perception.

    1. But everyone’s reality is his or her reality, and when you can concede that someone’s reality isn’t like yours and you are OK with that, then you have overcome a significant barrier to becoming more aware of the perception process.

      I feel like this concept is hard for some people to understand. Like the book said, some people may think that getting medication is more important than buying a cell phone, but it all depends on the person's reality. This reminds me of things I heard growing up. For instance, when I go through personal struggles and challenges, my mom downplays it sometimes by saying, "There are starving kids in Africa, get over it."

    1. The Halo and Horn Effects

      We learned about this in my sociology class last semester, and I found this concept fascinating. I think this is interesting because the first impression you make on someone does really determine how they feel about you in the long run. If someone really likes you, they halo effect can come in to play and they can perceive every interaction with you as good, whereas the horn effect will do the opposite. I wonder if it is possible to eventually change someone's mind about you.

    2. Attributions are important to consider because our reactions to others’ behaviors are strongly influenced by the explanations we reach.

      My friend and I butt heads about this all of the time because I tend to look at external factors while she focuses on internal factors. When something doesn't go her way or someone is rude to her, she decides to attribute their behavior to who they are as a person. As a result, she makes comments basically tearing them down as a person. I try to explain to her that maybe they were just having a bad day and decided to unintentionally take it out on you.

    3. Unless we are exposed to various cultural groups and learn how others perceive us and the world around them, we will likely have a narrow or naïve view of the world and assume that others see things the way we do.

      I was recently in Nepal and before that in Indonesia and other parts of Asia and Europe. I have witnessed many different cultures and learned what they value, in comparison to myself. In Nepal, they value modesty and so when I went swimming I had to cover up. This felt odd for me because in the US we don't have to do that, in fact, we feel comfortable not. I think it is important for everyone to expand their cultural horizons and gain a greater understanding of what other parts of the world value in stead of living a narrow-minded life. It is important to use that schemata to interpret different aspects of your life.

    4. Students may further attribute their poor grade to their busy schedule or other external, situational factors rather than their lack of motivation, interest, or preparation (internal attributions)

      I feel like internal attributions have made a huge impact in mine and other's lives, especially in school. I can say that I have definitely not taken credit for my lack of motivation and procrastination in many classes. It's not a healthy way of thinking about it, but sometimes it can make you feel better about a grade if it's blamed on someone else. But, then this becomes a recurrent problem of not taking responsibility for your own actions and can take place in other aspects of your life, including relationships.

    5. I’m sure you have a family member, friend, or coworker with whom you have ideological or political differences.

      I have had and have many friends with different values and political views than I do. I have had times where I seriously contemplated whether or not I could handle being in the friendship, but I learned to interpret their values to an extent. I will never fully agree but I can now understand why they believe some things and can have a mature conversation about our differences. Some times, though, it is important to avoid the topic so that arguments aren't created and friendships are lost.

    1. When we don’t think certain messages meet our needs, stimuli that would normally get our attention may be completely lost. Imagine you are in the grocery store and you hear someone say your name. You turn around, only to hear that person say, “Finally! I said your name three times. I thought you forgot who I was!” A few seconds before, when you were focused on figuring out which kind of orange juice to get, you were attending to the various pulp options to the point that you tuned other stimuli out, even something as familiar as the sound of someone calling your name.

      This happens with my boyfriend and I all of the time. He will be playing a video game or on his phone, and when I try to get his attention, this happens. I also thought it was because he was tuning me out on purpose or something. I also heard that humans are not meant to focus their attention on multiple things at once, so this makes sense. I think that this concept is super interesting and now I know why people do this.

    2. For example, have you ever been waiting to be helped in a business and the clerk assumes that you and the person standing beside you are together?

      I work in the restaurant industry where we have counter service. I have said this exact thing to multiple customers in the past week. Our restaurant is always busy, so it becomes a pattern of seeing people talking to one another and standing near each other. Sometimes my mind plays tricks on me and I'll assume two people were having a friendly conversation, but instead they may have just been engaged in small talk. This is when I assume they know each other and they are sitting together.

    3. stimuli can be attention-getting in a productive or distracting way

      Aural stimulation has always been a struggle for me. I have incredible hearing to the point where it can be very distracting for me at times. When I am trying to study, it is hard for me to go to a coffee shop because I need almost complete silence. Any slight noise will take me off track from what I was reading or working on. I also get very overwhelmed when the noise it too loud, for example, playing music too loud in a car or people yelling.

    1. 0≤z≤1

      hi! Here is the problem mat b i was wrong but give me the reason to take it from 0 to 1 but we have to find the volume of region above the cone so was it shouldn't start from 1 and ends at 2

    1. Additionally, CA can lead others to make assumptions about your communication competence that may be unfavorable. Even if you are intelligent, prepared, and motivated, CA and public speaking anxiety can detract from your communication and lead others to perceive you in ways you did not intend.

      In casual conversation, I sound way better than I do when I have to speak in public. I get so worked up over having to present that I forget what I have to say or have a shaky voice. I am anxious because of how I think people are going to perceive me, so I find it interesting that when my CA acts up it can lead to this becoming a reality. I look forward to learning more about how I can overcome my CA in later chapters.

    2. One way to progress toward communication competence is to become a more mindful communicator. A mindful communicator actively and fluidly processes information, is sensitive to communication contexts and multiple perspectives, and is able to adapt to novel communication situations (Burgoon, Berger, & Waldron, 2000). Becoming a more mindful communicator has many benefits, including achieving communication goals, detecting deception, avoiding stereotypes, and reducing conflict.

      This idea relates to topics I discussed earlier about self-reflection and being open-minded from sections 1.1 and 1.2 of this chapter. Once again, I think this is an essential skill to try and develop. As this chapter mentions, it can boost your communication competence. I find it interesting that most of these concepts are interconnected in some way.

    1. Civic engagement refers to working to make a difference in our communities by improving the quality of life of community members; raising awareness about social, cultural, or political issues; or participating in a wide variety of political and nonpolitical processes (Ehrlich, 2000). The civic part of our lives is developed through engagement with the decision making that goes on in our society at the small-group, local, state, regional, national, or international level.

      I think that the idea of civic engagement is essentially what a social worker does when they do advocacy work. My understanding of this section is that using our voice to spread awareness and help those in need shows the relationship between communication and civic engagement. I haven't thought about this concept in terms of communication, so I think that it is interesting to learn about.

    2. Aristotle focuses on actions, which is an important part of communication ethics. While ethics has been studied as a part of philosophy since the time of Aristotle, only more recently has it become applied.

      "They say the road to hell is paved with good intentions" -Five Finger Death Punch:) You can intend the best, but people will focus more on your actions more than your words and intentions.

    3. The United States is considered an individualistic culture, where emphasis is put on individual expression and success. Japan is considered a collectivistic culture, where emphasis is put on group cohesion and harmony.

      I just think this is so interesting. I remember reading somewhere about a style of apprenticeship (I think it was common in Japan if I remember right), where the apprentice would spend their first year sitting on a stool, watching their teacher. They weren't allowed to ask questions or interact in any way, they just had to sit and watch. Their only part in communicating was RECEIVING. I don't know how effective this style of apprenticeship was, but I do think it would be a challenge to strictly receive information.

    1. In fact, intercultural communication has the potential to enrich various aspects of our lives. In order to communicate well within various cultural contexts, it is important to keep an open mind and avoid making assumptions about others’ cultural identities.

      I attended the Idaho Conference on Refugees in February where we discussed this topic known as cultural humility. Cultural humility refers to the ongoing process of learning more about other cultures while reflecting on your personal beliefs that requires compassion and understanding of yourself and others. I find this topic to be super important for people to understand and implement in their daily lives. This idea is relevant to this class because going into every conversation with an open mind can also help you become a better communicator.

    2. In fact, intercultural communication has the potential to enrich various aspects of our lives. In order to communicate well within various cultural contexts, it is important to keep an open mind and avoid making assumptions about others’ cultural identities. While you may be able to identify some aspects of the cultural context within a communication encounter, there may also be cultural influences that you can’t see.

      It doesn't just help your communication skills to pursue intercultural communication, it helps you grow as an individual. It introduces you to new ideas that either challenge or confirm your personal/cultural outlook. And it gives you the chance to make new connections.

    3. The internal cognitive process that allows participants to send, receive, and understand messages is the encoding and decoding process. Encoding is the process of turning thoughts into communication. As we will learn later, the level of conscious thought that goes into encoding messages varies. Decoding is the process of turning communication into thoughts.

      I actually just had a conversation with someone about this. She works with ESL (English as a Second Language) students, and was talking about some of the ins and outs of their learning process. One common issue is that many tutors tend to rush the decoding process for students. They'll ask a question, then continue to speak without allowing enough time for a response. It takes another minute to come up with an answer when its a language you're still learning. It's hard enough in your native language sometimes!

    4. Seemingly positive psychological states, like experiencing the emotion of love, can also affect communication. During the initial stages of a romantic relationship individuals may be so “love struck” that they don’t see incompatible personality traits or don’t negatively evaluate behaviors they might otherwise find off-putting.

      This is a statement almost everyone can probably agree with. You could be having a completely fun and normal conversation with friends, until someone you find attractive walks up and suddenly, all you know how to speak is gibberish. I can't tell you how many times this has happened to me or I have witnessed this happen to someone else. On the other side of this though, you may not see those social cues that someone who isn't "love struck" sees. This can be detrimental in the future and you might not see the signs for months. I call this "love blind" and it is extremely difficult to take off those blinders.

    5. While communication can be sent and received using any sensory route (sight, smell, touch, taste, or sound), most communication occurs through visual (sight) and/or auditory (sound) channels.

      One aspect of communication that I have always found intriguing is visual communication. It is usually found among those who have a close relationship with one another when one person looks at the other and you just know exactly what they are thinking. I have encountered this among my friends and I a number of times and it is honestly a fantastic feeling. You are so close with that person that all you have to do it look at each other and you know exactly what they're thinking, just by visual contact.

    1. In fact, deliberate self-reflection can help us become more competent communicators as we become more mindful of our own behaviors. For example, your internal voice may praise or scold you based on a thought or action.

      We have discussed the importance of self-reflection in my social work classes. I have learned that good intrapersonal communication is a useful skill to have as someone wanting to work with others. For instance, if someone develops greater self-awareness, they are more likely to recognize their own biases, triggers, etc., enabling them to speak more clearly and purposefully and regulate their emotions. Without intrapersonal communication, we would be unable to process our thoughts and feelings before we speak to others, making us ineffective communicators.

    2. Religion also became more complex, and a new class of spiritual leaders emerged. Soon, armies were needed to protect the stockpiled resources from others who might want to steal it. The emergence of elite classes and the rise of armies required records and bookkeeping, which furthered the spread of written symbols. As clergy, the ruling elite, and philosophers began to take up writing, the systems became more complex.

      In correlation with this, the care and effort that was put into the physical aspect of writing far exceed much of what was seen before and what we see today. Beautifully hand-copied and hand-illustrated manuscripts were produced, typically of religious documents. Monks would dedicate almost their whole lives to creating these. Isn't it wild how much has changed since then??

    3. We also use intrapersonal communication or “self-talk” to let off steam, process emotions, think through something, or rehearse what we plan to say or do in the future.

      Ever since I was young, my mom always talked to herself and I thought it was so odd of her. As I grew older, I noticed myself doing the same thing and understood why she was doing this. She talks out loud to keep her mind from losing track of what she's doing in the moment, and I tend to do the same. Mom's are always thinking about a million things at once so it's understandable why this can be such a helpful way of staying on track. I talk to myself when I'm making a list of what I need to do or remember to grab as I am walking out of the house, for example, making sure I have all of my snowboard gear so I don't show up without my boots.

    4. two motives for learning to speak. Increasing one’s chance to succeed and increasing one’s power to serve

      Being a strong public speaker makes one seem educated and powerful. When I listen to some of my friends speak, they use powerful words and it makes you interested in what they have to say. They bring such power and emphasis to what they are saying that makes me see that they are a successful public speaker and bring confidence with what they say. Being able to have this characteristic can increase your chance of success and power because people want to listen to you if you're confident with your speech and know how to keep other's engaged. I've never seen a politician who was a bad public speaker...

    5. Memory is the least studied of the five canons and refers to the techniques employed by speakers of that era to retain and then repeat large amounts of information.

      From the early ages, this being the least studied of the five canons is ironic because of how much people struggle with this concept today. Retaining large amounts of information or even memorizing a sentence is something I struggle with. Not just me, but tons of people around the world. Understanding that memory was the least studied makes a lot of sense in why it is so stressful and difficult to be asked to memorize something for school, work, etc. today.

    1. Understanding the body's muscle and bone structure benefits the artists' ability to draw realistic people and animals.

      how does an artist get realistic and know how to make look like a picture? they study the body's muscle and bone structure it helps them make the lines and details

    2. Looking at art is the foundation of learning how to write descriptive essays.

      how do you write about art? looking at the painting or object. the more you look at the way something was painted or done you can write about it