Although deserts usually offer low restorative benefits due to evolutionary survival instincts, environmental majors experience greater recovery in desert environments because their education, familiarity, and ecological understanding overrides their innate avoidance. Again, showing that restoration depends not just on the environment bur also the viewers background and learned experiences.

Environmental majors experience stronger physical and psychological recovery from natural environments than non-majors because of their education, familiarity, ecological awareness, and emotional connection to nature enhances their ability to relax and recover. Suggests that nature based mental health interventions should account for students' backgrounds and environmental values

Overall, gender didn't significantly influence restoration (H1 not supported), but juniors (H2 supported) and environmental majors (H3 partially supported) showed notably stronger physiological and psychological recovery from natural landscapes than freshmen and non-majors.

Psychological restoration varies by landscape type and by viewer characteristics: • lawn scenes are the most mentally restorative and deserts are the least – from most to least restorative: Grass/Lawn, Waterscapes, Forest, Plants, Field, Mountains, Artificial Nature, Deserts • gender does not significantly affect psychological restoration • juniors report stronger psychological recovery than freshmen • environmental majors consistently experience higher psychological restoration than non-majors

Visual preferences depend on the type of landscape and viewer's background: • waterscapes are the most preferred, and deserts are the least • gender does not influence preference • juniors prefer lawn and artificial environments more than freshmen • landscape majors show higher preference for artificial environments than non-majors

Heart rate recovery depends on who the viewer is: • females exhibit in lawn and artificial landscapes • juniors show dramatically stronger HR restoration across almost all landscape types compared to freshmen • environmental majors recover more deeply, especially in forest or artificial nature scenes

Gender and grade level had no effect on systolic BP recovery. The only major-related difference was that landscape/environmental majors showed a significantly larger SBP reduction than non-environment majors when viewing desert landscapes, but not for any other landscape type.