Maslow’s theory and Lyubomirsky’s happiness model suggest that pleasant weather fulfills basic needs and contributes to the environmental portion of well-being, thereby directly influencing emotions and overall happiness.

Overall, gender didn't significantly influence restoration (H1 not supported), but juniors (H2 supported) and environmental majors (H3 partially supported) showed notably stronger physiological and psychological recovery from natural landscapes than freshmen and non-majors.

Juniors experience stronger psychological and physical restoration from natural environments than freshman, possibly due to the fact that they are older, more emotionally mature, have better coping skills and social support, and therefore better able to benefit from nature. Suggests that age and developmental stage should guide how schools design nature-based mental health programs.

Psychological restoration varies by landscape type and by viewer characteristics: • lawn scenes are the most mentally restorative and deserts are the least – from most to least restorative: Grass/Lawn, Waterscapes, Forest, Plants, Field, Mountains, Artificial Nature, Deserts • gender does not significantly affect psychological restoration • juniors report stronger psychological recovery than freshmen • environmental majors consistently experience higher psychological restoration than non-majors

Visual preferences depend on the type of landscape and viewer's background: • waterscapes are the most preferred, and deserts are the least • gender does not influence preference • juniors prefer lawn and artificial environments more than freshmen • landscape majors show higher preference for artificial environments than non-majors

Heart rate recovery depends on who the viewer is: • females exhibit in lawn and artificial landscapes • juniors show dramatically stronger HR restoration across almost all landscape types compared to freshmen • environmental majors recover more deeply, especially in forest or artificial nature scenes

Gender and grade level had no effect on systolic BP recovery. The only major-related difference was that landscape/environmental majors showed a significantly larger SBP reduction than non-environment majors when viewing desert landscapes, but not for any other landscape type.

This study shows that visual exposure to natural environments, especially forests and water, produces measurable physiological relaxation: • nature images lower systolic BP • forest images lower diastolic BP • water images lower HR Suggests that different types of natural scenes have different calming effects, and body overall responds physiologically to nature in ways that promote relaxation and reduce stress.