there has been a spectacular rise in luxury consumption, with the consumption patterns of the global elite acting as a marker for those further down the income scale. Robert Frank (2000) describes the process as 'luxury fever', as consumption expectations are ratcheted up all the way down the income scale. The global elite are pushing up people's expectations and assumptions. In the US, for example, the average size of house has doubled, in square feet terms, in the past thirty years. In part it is a function of the positional nature of consumption. We consume in order to position ourselves relative to other people. Not only do the global elite raise the upper limit, everyone is thus forced to spend more just to keep up, but they also become the perceived benchmark, Juliet Schor's work, for example, shows that people are no longer keeping up with the people next door, but the people they see on television and magazines (Schor, 1998). In order to keep up with these raised consumption standards people are working harder and longer as well as taking out more debt. The increase in luxury consumption has raised consumption expectations further down the income scale, which in order to be funded has involved increased workloads and increased indebtedness. It is not so much keeping up with the Jones but 'keeping up with the Gates'.

Aria! works smoothly by knowing which pieces of red tape can (and should) be bypassed in order to be productive.

Arial's office involves what he calls "constellations" of interconnected practices.

He follows the moves of one office worker, Arial,

Wenger undertakes an ethnographic study of insur-ance claims adjusters

, networks are not human

Networks are not about fixed indexes of meaning

In choosing a topic, how many times have we encouraged students to choose a topic in which they are invested

Without investment in care, both teaching and learning are seen as partial and, perhaps, even tragically flawed.

Transformative teaching, writes Micciche, is a matter of our "investment in producing com-passionate citizens

In Doing Emotion, Laura Micciche reads pedagogy as primarily rooted in particular kinds of feelings like hope and belief.

Ideally, once you make this revelation, people will begin to feel an investment

Although the actual means of pursuing this connection is unique to each scholar, there is some tacit agreement about the importance of helping stu-dents see the relevance of public issues in their individual lives.

As Jeff Smith recommends in his attempt to combat the political passivity of "illegeracy," people "naturally take an interest in things that affect their lives, particularly if they feel it's up to them how those things will be decided.

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