- Apr 2024
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arxiv.org arxiv.org
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However, by doing so the sender mayreveal additional information through the block’s hash pointers, e.g. the identities of other groupmembers
Well, when sharing such a block off-group, you may skip transmitting its deps. In Social Networking that may be alright. And when off-group agent gets accepted to group, he's able to get the stuff below.
However, that does complicate piggybacking, as it'll be seen that the previously off-group agent has some block (but actually he doesn't have its deps).
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- May 2021
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github.com github.com
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[Old commit references] Provide a way for users to use old commit IDs with the new repository (in particular via mapping from old to new hashes with refs/replace/ references).
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- Nov 2019
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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const setRefs = useRef(new Map()).current; const { children } = props; return ( <div> {React.Children.map(children, child => { return React.cloneElement(child, { // v not innerRef ref: node => { console.log('imHere'); return !node ? setRefs.delete(child.key) : setRefs.set(child.key, node)
Illustrates the importance of having unique keys when iterating over children, since that allows them to be used as unique keys in a Map.
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- Oct 2019
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github.com github.com
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refKey: if you're rendering a composite component, that component will need to accept a prop which it forwards to the root DOM element. Commonly, folks call this innerRef. So you'd call: getRootProps({refKey: 'innerRef'}) and your composite component would forward like: <div ref={props.innerRef} />
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- Sep 2019
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legacy.reactjs.org legacy.reactjs.org
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That’s because ref is not a prop. Like key, it’s handled differently by React.
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- Aug 2019
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legacy.reactjs.org legacy.reactjs.org
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That’s because ref is not a prop. Like key, it’s handled differently by React.
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Although such encapsulation is desirable for application-level components like FeedStory or Comment, it can be inconvenient for highly reusable “leaf” components like FancyButton or MyTextInput. These components tend to be used throughout the application in a similar manner as a regular DOM button and input, and accessing their DOM nodes may be unavoidable for managing focus, selection, or animations.
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github.com github.com
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Since these are simply functions, you can chain them so that multiple callbacks gets attached to a single element. node => { ref1(node); ref2(node); }
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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export function assignForwardedRefs(forwardedRef, refToAssign) { if (forwardedRef) { if (typeof forwardedRef === 'function') { forwardedRef(refToAssign) } else { forwardedRef.current = refToAssign } } }
I don't fully understand when you might need this, but it could come in handy.
I assumed you could forward refs the same whether they are callbacks or Ref objects, but maybe not??
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github.com github.com
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reactjs.org reactjs.org
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In order to measure the position or size of a DOM node, you can use a callback ref.
Interesting use of a ref...
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Is there something like instance variables? Yes! The useRef() Hook isn’t just for DOM refs. The “ref” object is a generic container whose current property is mutable and can hold any value, similar to an instance property on a class.
Not just for references to DOM elements…
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reactjs.org reactjs.org
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However, useRef() is useful for more than the ref attribute. It’s handy for keeping any mutable value around similar to how you’d use instance fields in classes.
Not just for references to DOM elements...
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You might be familiar with refs primarily as a way to access the DOM. If you pass a ref object to React with <div ref={myRef} />, React will set its .current property to the corresponding DOM node whenever that node changes.
Good explanation, alluding to how myRef is simply/is like a callback that does sets ref.current = el...
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codesandbox.io codesandbox.io
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Example showing how to use inputRef on a <Select>
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- Oct 2017
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www.scienceintheclassroom.org www.scienceintheclassroom.org
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T. K. Uchida, A. Seth, S. Pouya, C. L. Dembia, J. L. Hicks, S. L. Delp, Simulating ideal assistive devices to reduce the metabolic cost of running. PLOS ONE 11, e0163417 (2016). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163417pmid:27656901
This paper presents the results of a muscle simulator with a massless device. They show that assisting movements with a device is not always necessary and can reduce muscle activity. The authors hypothesize this can provide insight into future assistive device designs. Models, simulations and software are freely available online.
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J. R. Koller, D. H. Gates, D. P. Ferris, C. D. Remy, “Body-in-the-loop optimization of assistive robotic devices: A validation study,” paper presented at Robotics: Science and Systems XII, Ann Arbor, MI, 18 to 22 June 2016; available at http://www.roboticsproceedings.org/rss12/p07.pdf.
This paper introduces a new type of human-machine interaction to calculate datas in real-time.
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R. W. Jackson, S. H. Collins, An experimental comparison of the relative benefits of work and torque assistance in ankle exoskeletons. J. Appl. Physiol. 119, 541–557 (2015). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01133.2014pmid:26159764
This paper studies how the exoskeleton influence human mobility.
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R. W. Jackson, C. L. Dembia, S. L. Delp, S. H. Collins, Muscle-tendon mechanics explain unexpected effects of exoskeleton assistance on metabolic rate during walking. J. Exp. Biol. jeb.150011 (2017). doi:10.1242/jeb.150011pmid:28341663
The papers examines the different modes of exoskeleton torque applied to different participants, and concludes how different combinations of torque can have such a variety of muscle behaviours.
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K. A. Witte, J. Zhang, R. W. Jackson, S. H. Collins, “Design of two lightweight, high-bandwidth torque-controlled ankle exoskeletons,” in 2015 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2015), pp. 1223–1228.
In this paper, authors have created two tethered ankle-foot exoskeletons.
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R. M. Alexander, Optimization and gaits in the locomotion of vertebrates. Physiol. Rev. 69, 1199–1227 (1989). pmid:2678167
This paper studies the various ways of locomotion of the vertebrates.
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B. T. Quinlivan, S. Lee, P. Malcolm, D. M. Rossi, M. Grimmer, C. Siviy, N. Karavas, D. Wagner, A. Asbeck, I. Galiana, C. J. Walsh, Assistance magnitude versus metabolic cost reductions for a tethered multiarticular soft exosuit. Sci. Robot. 2, eaah4416 (2017). doi:10.1126/scirobotics.aah4416
The aim of this study was to characterize the relationship between assistance effectivness and metabolic cost of walking with an exoskeleton by examing walking patterns of test subjects. Results showed that an increase of exosuit assistance relsuts in a net decreas of the metabolic rate.
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S. H. Collins, M. B. Wiggin, G. S. Sawicki, Reducing the energy cost of human walking using an unpowered exoskeleton. Nature 522, 212–215 (2015). doi:10.1038/nature14288pmid:25830889
Unpowered ankle exoskeleton equipment were developed by this group that behaved parallel to calf muscles and reduce the energy (metabolic cost) spent on walking over 7% by reducing load on the muscles, which is comparable to powered exoskeletons that are currently used. In addition, authors implied that human locomotion can still be more effecient.
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L. M. Mooney, E. J. Rouse, H. M. Herr, Autonomous exoskeleton reduces metabolic cost of human walking. J. Neuroeng. Rehabil. 11, 151 (2014). doi:10.1186/1743-0003-11-151pmid:25367552
Authors enhanced the design of previous autonomous exoskeleton for unloaded walking conditions along with significant reduction of energy (metabolic rate) consumption.
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www.scienceintheclassroom.org www.scienceintheclassroom.org
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N. C. Heglund, C. R. Taylor, T. A. McMahon, Science 186, 1112 (1974)
This is a report that discusses stride frequency- number of foot contacts per second, of different animals. (365)
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H. J. Chiel, P. Crago, J. M. Mansour, K. Hathi, Biol. Cybern. 67, 403 (1992).
This study is about developing quantitative model, a reptilian tongue to study muscular hydrostat (a functional movement, protrusion and retrusion, a form of lapping). (17)
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D. Trivedi, C. D. Rahn, W. M. Kier, I. D. Walker, Appl. Bionics Biomech. 5, 99 (2008).
A detailed study, consider soft robots like octopus arms that have novel capabilities of performing numerous tasks using very basic phenomenon of osmosis. This work also implement use of soft robots as electroactive polymers. (642)
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K. K. Smith, W. M. Kier, Am. Sci. 77, 28 (1989).
A detailed study about organs like tongues, trunks of elephants, etc. that do not have skeletal support but still manage to do elongation, shortening, bending types of activities. (624)
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L. M. Day, B. C. Jayne, J. Exp. Biol. 210, 642 (2007).
The authors studied the position of the limb in the squeletton during locomotion in various felidae. Despites the very distinct size and weight, the position seems very similar and conclude that bigger species of felidae do not have more upright limbs than smaller one. (106)
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M. Doube, A. Wiktorowicz-Conroy, P. Christiansen, J. R. Hutchinson, S. Shefelbine, PLoS ONE 4, e4742 (2009).
A study of the differential growth (allometry) of the limb bones in Felidae. They show that this allometry is link to the function of the bones and higly variant. (37)
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J. Meachen-Samuels, B. Van Valkenburgh, J. Morphol. 270, 729 (2009).
The forms of the forelegs were used to determine anatomical differences in large prey, small prey or mixed prey. Researchers also investigated whether prey capture strategies affect the size of the forelegs. The results indicate that the large prey animal specialists have relatively strong forelegs compared to the smaller prey animal specialists, the small prey animal specialists have relatively long distal limbs for fast prey catching and the mixed prey animal specialists have intermediate values.
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A. P. Russell, H. N. Bryant, G. L. Powell, R. Laroiya, J. Zool. (London) 236, 161 (1995).
This is a sutdy of the relation between the morphology of the skull and the maxillaire with the number of tooth and their place. They are more focus on the disparition of a premolar in the Lynx. (10)
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P. Christiansen, J. S. Adolfssen, J. Zool. (London) 266, 133 (2005).
(Allometry : mathematical description of the growth of biological tissues.) The maximum bite forces were estimated from the skull sections of the animals and the flexural strength of the canines were calculated using models. Felids (cats, cheetah, lions) have canines that are stronger than canids (wolfs,dogs and so on) and ursids("bears") canines seem stronger than cats.
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A. S. Ahl, Vet. Res. Commun. 10, 245 (1986).
Detailed study of the role of the vibrissae (the little tactils hairs) in a structural but mainly functionnal point of view. This study investigates many questions on various domestic animals. (118)
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K. Ojima, F. Mitsuhashi, M. Nasu, Y. Suzuki, Ann. Anat. 182, 47 (2000).
Detailed study microscopical structure of the tongueon in the japanese cat. (8)
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K. M. Hiiemae, A. W. Crompton, in Functional Vertebrate Morphology, M. Hildebrand, D. Bramble, K. Liem, D. B. Wake, Eds. (Belknap of Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA, 1985), pp. 262–290.
General review on the mechanism of chewing, food transport, and swallowing in mammals. It's related to the paper by the description of the transport intraorally, which is describe with precision. (318)
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A. J. Thexton, A. W. Crompton, R. Z. German, J. Exp. Zool. 280, 327 (1998).
This is a review of the tongue mechanism of lapping in pigs. It focuses on the transition from suckling and drinking when mammals become adults (a process called weaning). There is a detailed analysis of the movement of the tongue and the implication of the muscles. (62)
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J. G. M. Kooloos, G. A. Zweers, J. Morphol. 199, 327 (1989).
A detailed study on the drinking mechanismmallard. (26)
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J. Heidweiller, G. A. Zweers, Condor 92, 1 (1990).
A study on the drinking mechanismzebra of fish and bengalese fish. (31)
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T. L. Daniel, J. G. Kingsolver, E. Meyhöfer, Oecologia 79, 66 (1989)
A detail study on the drinking mechanism of buterflies (43).
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J. G. Kingsolver, T. L. Daniel, Oecologia 60, 214 (1983).
A detailed study, on the drinking mechanism of hummingbirds. (110)
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D. Cundall, J. Exp. Biol. 203, 2171 (2000)
A detailed study on the drinking mechanismon snakes. (15)
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S. W. S. Gussekloo, R. G. Bout, J. Exp. Biol. 208, 3395 (2005).
The authors look for a link between the cranial morphology and the speed of feeding and drinking in palaeognathous birds. They conclude that the morphology is not link to a specific need for feeding and drinking. (48)
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M. Prakash, D. Quéré, J. W. M. Bush, Science 320, 931 (2008).
The drinking mechanism of shorebirds. This last involves a beak motion that breaks the surface tension of a liquid and move the drop inside the mouth. They study how to optimise this process depending on the frequency of the tweezing and the beak geometry. (157)
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J. A. W. M. Weijnen, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 22, 751 (1998).
A detailed study on the drinking mechanism of rats, focusing on the frequency of licking depending on the environment. (72)
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P. J. Bentley, T. Yorio, J. Exp. Biol. 79, 41 (1979)
The authors review how amphibians drink. They distinguish two ways of absorbing water and underline the predominance of skin absorption in amphibian hydration. Their observation show that amphibian seems to drink water to taste it's salinity. (number of citation are indicated in parentheses : (83))
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J. Heidweiller, J. A. van Loon, G. A. Zweers, Zoomorphology 111, 141 (1992).
A detail study, on chicken, of the drinking mechanism in a morphological point of view. (18)
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H. D. Prange, K. Schmidt-Nielsen, J. Exp. Biol. 53, 763 (1970).
This study mainly focus on metabolic cost of the performance of an active animal system and the limitations on this performance. (156)
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- Sep 2017
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www.scienceintheclassroom.org www.scienceintheclassroom.org
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J. W. Glasheen, T. A. Mcmahon, J. Exp. Biol. 199, 2611 (1996).
The authors focus on the modulate ability of lizard to run on water depending on their weight. They conclude that the smaller one have a higher surpluses forces than the larger ones. (83)
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A. J. Thexton, J. D. McGarrick, Arch. Oral Biol. 33, 331 (1988)
The movements of the tongue markers in relation to the palate were recorded. The transported liquids then collected between the soft palate and tongue before they were swallowed.
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www.scienceintheclassroom.org www.scienceintheclassroom.org
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N. Hansen, “The CMA evolution strategy: A comparing review” in Towards a New Evolutionary Computation, J. A. Lozano, P. Larrañaga, I. Inza, E. Bengoetxea, Eds. (Springer, 2006), pp. 75–102.
This article aims to study the differents use of the covariance matrix adaptation, depending on the size of differents sytems.
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