- Jan 2023
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journalofbigdata.springeropen.com journalofbigdata.springeropen.com
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There are no existing augmentation techniques that can correct adataset that has very poor diversity with respect to the testing data. All these augmenta-tion algorithms perform best under the assumption that the training data and testingdata are both drawn from the same distribution.
Important border to where these can be applied!
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By taking a test image and augmenting it in thesame way as the training images, a more robust prediction can be derived.
Interesting
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- Jan 2022
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arxiv.org arxiv.org
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Conclusion
It might be me, but I was missing a section on possible future directions and the drawbacks of using this model. Noticed that there was a lot of praise, but couldn't find a lot of critiques. (Or I might overseen it as I'm writing this at half 4 in the morning.)
Normally, you could find the published reviews on OpenReview with the discussed critique (see: https://papers.nips.cc/paper/2016/file/fb87582825f9d28a8d42c5e5e5e8b23d-Reviews.html which I used for another repro course), but when googling on this paper, I couldn't find it :(
Either way, here's the OR link to the current paperhttps://openreview.net/forum?id=FOL6UA7JYtk)
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- Nov 2021
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Local file Local file
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gure 26.8
The trader adopting this strategy believes in some sort of range, since once the stop price of the buy stop is reached, I believe that it triggers a limit buy order below the market or at least at the market
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At extremely high levels of leverage, the concept of aggressiveness and conservativeness with respect to the price on entry or exit di-minishes rapidly
Because with a small capital, one can create a large margin position => sheer capital invested is no longer significant due to leverage
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gUre 25.4
Si ca dépasse le niveau du buystop, alors on déclenche un ordre d'achat proche du support
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It should also be noted that the longer it takes for a consolidation to unfold, the larger will be the number of potential buy stop orders that lie above the resistance zone and sell stop orders that populate just below the support zone. This explains why larger consolidations tend to produce stronger and more persistent breakouts
buy stop orders place limit orders at the support, soif a lot of stop buy orders are triggered ,this places manylimit orders at support, and allows price to rebound strongly enough to pierce through the resistance
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total short sales
Meaning : by the public (under-informed) and by the well-informed
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Cash/asset ratio
En gros :
- Cash/asset ratio grand => marché descendant
- Cash/asset ratio petit => marché ascendant
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we could not determine which stock was more volatile since the maximum amount of price change over equal durations were the same for both
- What about comparing over smaller time periods, if we do this, we'll clearly see that there are differences ?
- How do we pick the timeframe ?
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exponential or parabolic
Isn't it parabolic in t his example, since y'' = cte ?
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figure
Mom >0 => fixed momentum
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Third‐Order Change
ROC of ROC of PC
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Second‐Order Change
ROC of PC
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First‐Order Change
PC
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gure 21.3
- Arithmetic change of price for stock A
vs.
- Geometric progression for B
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price change
Analogy with mechanics :
- PC == speed
- ROC of PC == acceleration
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Centered moving average
SEE page 435
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This is because the bands are adjusted with respect to actual price action over a certain period of observation
Period of observation which is the band's periodicity ?
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confirmation in the near or front month futures contract
Crypto -> expiration des contrats futurs ?
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igure 18.7
Dès qu'il y a 5 waves, elles sont dans la direction de la wave une échelle au-dessus, ce qui dans notre cas est descendant, d'où la (1),(2),(3),(4),(5) descendant ici !
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gure 18.5
SEE paper version
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MACD
See page 258
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ounding tops and bottoms
U shape
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gets may also be obtained based on the parallelogram itself
cf. Fig. 13.37, where we project the objective price targets based on the parallelogram and not on the pole !
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subside
diminuer/se calmer
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igure 11.22
MACD represented as a histogram instead of a curve/line as of usually. But we see that each time the MACD signal line crosses the MACD (represented as a histogram), the MACD histogram is equal to zero !!
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gure 8.19
The histogram in the MACD window (window above the MACD histogram window) and the histogram in the MACD histogram window are the same histogram, just with a different scaling !
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no lag with respect to price
But we need to know future information since it is located in the middle of N bars => we need to know N/2 bars in the future. That's why there's no lag !!
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- Oct 2021
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Local file Local file
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Figure 10.69
SEE paper version
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logarithmic‐ or arithmetic‐scaled chart is employed
For static, both work since it only depends on the price, so we can determine it numerically. However, since fan lines are dynamic, they depend on price AND time, so we can't just determine the levels numerically.
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the low of the day
Coquille dans le graphique ??
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Figure 10.36
- Avec l'échelle linéaire, deux graduations dont la différence vaut 10 sont à distance constante.
- Avec l'échelle logarithmique, deux graduations dont le rapport vaut 10 sont à distance constante
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Figure 10.35
Même remarque que pour la figure précédente !
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Figure 10.34
Mêmes calculs => mêmes niveaux (38,2, 50,0, 61,8, ...) mais l'échelle (ie. l'axe des y) est log au lieu d'être linéaire.
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Figure 10.27
SEE âge 380 of the paper version
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Fibonacci downside extension level
- Use peak as base when downside Fibo
- Use trough as base when upside Fibo
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Figure 10.26
SEE page 377 of paper version for detailed graphs
We put 100% between A and B because we look at the extension level beyond B so x% with x>=100%
Also, we start hte Fibonacci extension at point A instead of B even though B is located earlier in time than A since A is a trough and B is a peak and it would be highly unconventional to pull Fibonacci levels from B to A
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423.6
(Phi)^3
Or divide a number by 3 to the left
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261.8
(Phi)^2
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161.8
Phi
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127.2
sqrt(Phi)
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38.2
1/Phi FAUX car Phi = 1 + (1/Phi)
Obtained by dividing a sequence number by the sequence number 2 spots to the right : (Fn) / (F{n-2})
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23.6
(2/Phi)-1
Also (Fn) / (F{n-3})
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61.8
Phi - 1
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78.6
sqrt(1/Phi)
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⋅
multiply
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Figure 9.101
Relative since we compare ratios (the y axis is a % axis !)
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Figure 9.93
Peaks and troughs are not trending in the same direction in expanding or contracting formations !
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This is because volume oscillators are constructed to take into account price
Explanation of why volume indicators are analyzed using standard and reverse divergences instead of volume, open interest and ATR.
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The rules for interpreting divergence are markedly different when it comes to vol-ume bar action, open interest, and average true range (ATR)
Remember this when reading the next sections on divergence !! Not the same interpretation at all as for the other supporting data series !!
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nter Wave Cycle/Degree Divergence
Une divergence "contenue" dans une autre à une larger wave degree
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nter peak or trough Double Divergence
Deux divergences qui se suivent
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thE hAnDbook of tEchnicAL AnALySiS292In general terms, basic reverse divergence occurs when: ■ Only price, and not the supporting data series, is making equal or lower peaks (based on adjacent peak to peak analysis) ■ Only price, and not the supporting data series, is making equal or higher troughs (based on adjacent trough to trough analysis).
cf. last note
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1. Price is making higher peaks while the oscillator is making lower peaks 2. Price is making higher peaks while the oscillator is making equal peaks 3. Price is making equal peaks while the oscillator is making lower peaks
Here, the price only makes higher or equal peaks -> lower peaks is for reverse divergence -> called "reverse divergence" since we start by giving the direction of the oscillator (only up or equal) and subsequently we give the direction of the price.
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peak and trough analysis
cf. p. 178 sur bearish divergence et bearish confirmation
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Defining Direction of the Current Larger Trend
On double de 9 à 18 car on distingue le peak-to-peak du trough-to-trough -> 2 fois plus
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collapse back to six
Car on ne distingue plus le peak-to-peak du trough-to-trough -> 2 fois moins
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moving in opposing directions
cf. version papier
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adjacent peaks or troughs
In this case, the drawing on the paper version is an upper trend. Cf. Fig. 9.1
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George Lane
Stochastic oscillator (cf. p.259 of chap. 8)
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True Range Action of the Daily Chart of Gold. Source: MetaTrader 4
L'ATR est très "non smooth" car on n'utilise qu'une lookback period de 1. Si on faisait la moyenne mobile sur plus d'une période, il serait plus smooth.
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Intrinsic
Intrinsic in the sense of chap. 4
E.g. a head and shoulder pattern is bearish intrinsically, but it can happen in an uptrend and in this case, intrinsic sentiment and the trend disagree !
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Rising and declin-ing volume provide useful information about the level of interest or participation at various prices and indicate whether an ongoing trend is bearish or bullish
Cf. ce qui a été dit au chap 4 sur l'intérêt des participants du marché et l'impact sur le volume.
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Volume Blow‐Offs
Quand ca commence à omnter, il faut que le volume monte aussi, sinon on considère que ce n'est pas un uptrend, mais juste une correction. Pareil opur quand ça descend, il faut du volume pour accompagner la baisse :
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volume declining during a consolidation
This shows that declining volume during consolidation is also a thing to take into account
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reversal of the existing trend
Hence if the trend is a retracment, we will see the bullish trend resume shortly
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Volume
See page 113 for the relationship between volume and price action (volume declines during consolidation phases).
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Note that for bullish divergence in volume, falling prices must be accompanied by decreasing volume.
A l'inverse d'autres indicateurs comme le MACD ou le RSI
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In markets where the trading is continuous
cf. crypto
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The durations between active trading sessions are longer
Does not concern crypto since the market is active 24/7
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industrial or transportation
Industrial and transportation averages !
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give earlier trend change signals
Uptrend lines are violated sooner since logarithm tends to rapprocher les points éloignés arithmétiquement (de manière non linéaire, d'où la cassure de la ligne de tendance plus tôt)
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The pricing of all known information need not be instantaneous or be driven by rational participants. There is also no requirement that all participants always act on all information all of the time, or that they react in the same manner.
Difference with EMH
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he mechanism by which information is known to the market is that of actual participation via capital injection.
This means that any information is accounted for by capital injection
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Markovian condition
In the sense that the possibilities for future price are given by current price, but there is then no way to predict which possibilty will be chosen. E.g. random walk in Z^2, if we're wurrently at a certian point, we have 4 possibilities for next move which are equiprobable
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Therefore, they cannot impact future prices
Past price cannot influence future price, hence TA is useless as it uses past info to predict future price mvts.
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nstantaneously
cf. remark on "Gradually" in Fig.1.28
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Gradually
Gradually since on the graph we don't have a vertical spike like in the EMH case. This means that participants do not all react at the same time.
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Efficient Market Adjusting to New Information
No insider information that would be discounted by the price, nor irrational behaviours like selling on a bullish news
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- Aug 2021
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hellotimking.com hellotimking.com
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Now some people may just say “Pffft… just get up earlier and do it”. Clearly those people don’t understand how much I love to get up as late as I can afford in the mornings, those moments between asleep and ‘Fuck, I have to go to work’ are few, and precious my friends.
I resemble this remark...
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- Oct 2020
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github.com github.com
Tags
Annotators
URL
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github.com github.com
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It’s what powers remark (Markdown), retext (natural language), and rehype (HTML), and allows for processing between formats.
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- Dec 2017
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arxiv.org arxiv.org
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Table 1
This paper https://arxiv.org/abs/1005.2012 of 2010 proves $\tilde{O}(\frac{Mm}{\epsilon^2})$ in the primal case. It should be in the related work
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