The presence of duplicate information also cannot be counted when a data stakeholder qual-ifies as ideal; thus, Algorithm 3 checks for identical datasets in an ODC, i.e., datasets with thesame identifier. It uses a set to keep track of the identifiers of each dataset and prints a messagewith the percentage of duplicate datasets

References

While some common practices exist, individual approachesto ensuring data quality have historically demonstrated superior performance.

focus on the automatic quality assessment of ODCs,

(pp. 29–126)

Having used both Marva and Sinopia, I think that Marva supports “BIBFRAME cataloging without thinking about BIBFRAME” especially well.

Currently often these repositories are giving some data representation enhanced with data base systems that provide a local layer of data and metadata indexing.

development and expansion of a linked open data cloud of cultural heritage

LIFT uses another Python library, lxml, in conjunction with RDFLib to parse TEI documents

so all elements and attributes must be mapped to classes and properties from arbitrary ontologies

Python

open-source application

there is a lack of user-friendly tools for working with digital scholarly editions and LOD

We present the “REPRODUCE-ME” data model and ontology

For any of our DH work to be sustainable, it needs to be produced in full dialogue with the community of information professionals.

They tired of care-taking, even though this involved little more than continuing to host the project files on a server.

Valid use of attributes in XML

Element names cannot start with the string xml, XML, Xml, etc

W3Schools identifies

it is a requirement for every TEI project to provide a detailed ODD model.

For instance, the following statement describes a black circle with a radius r of 50:

RDF are based on XML syntax

DTD syntax as it is easier to learn and use than schema languages, while the general principles of modelling are similar. 

what attributes they can contain

discipline of text encoding

philology

Federally, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada told CBC News it can only issue documents printed "in the Roman alphabet with some French characters" because of standards set by the International Civil Aviation Organization. 

footnotes

[7]:

nanopublications now help us to publish this model and its instantiations in a FAIR manner.

Registered in FAIRsharing as https://fairsharing.org/bsg-s001394

Will we continue to use a microservices architecture for our digital repository in the future? We aren’t certain.

Usability testing also revealed biases in our design process that had gone unnoticed. A particularly salient example of this is the name ‘BC Digitized Collections’. As archivists and librarians, we took for granted that our users would be able to decipher this and understand what they would be able to find within the system. In fact, our test results suggested the opposite. A reevaluation of how we are naming and describing the system is forthcoming, with a greater sensitivity to our end users’ level of familiarity with library jargon and information architecture conventions.

Technical

Of the eight potential repository solutions that we investigated before undertaking this project, five were open-source and three were vended solutions.

While Alma offers partial IIIF support with its implementation of Universal Viewer,

Instead, we worked with ITS to isolate the server from our campus network to minimize the impact of any potential attacks, then rapidly accelerated our migration timeline.

The most relevant to spot

contractaanpassingsmechanismen en alternatievegeschillenbeslechtingsprocedures

Wanneer de rechthebbenden de aanbieders van onlinediensten voor het delen van content niet de relevante en noodzakelijke informatie over hun specifieke werken of andere materialen verstrekken

Het is daarom van belang de ontwikkeling van de licentiemarkt tussen rechthebbenden en aanbieders van een onlinedienst voor het delen van content te bevorderen

Open Archival Information System (OAIS) compliant preservation system

OAIS is the ISO-standard for digital preservation

We see it with a drive to static sites, conflating speed with the lack of a database, and ending up recreating the database in the filesystem or relying on a raft of third party services to plug the holes that would have been filled by a more traditional CMS.

Competing scholarly platforms, many of which are proprietary, appear to be growing in popularity yet demonstrate poor support for open standards or prevalent open science technical protocols, as well as low levels of integration with open scholarly infrastructure.

“back office”

Archivists need to verify metadata, documentation, and data integrity to ensure that data sets meet minimum standards for ingest.

Contributors who submit a data set once every year or two, or maybe once in a career, need assistance in structuring and documenting their files for submission.

Automation is facilitating more archival procedures, such as batch ingest of files and APIs for submission and retrieval, but much of the labor associated with contributing data to archives remains craft work.

three‐ring binder

Weblogs

DATAVERSE.nl

Because retraining a neural network requires large annotated data sets and extensive computational power, we looked for different ways to use existing neural networks to identify visual similarity. We turned to the penultimate layer of the CNN to identify similar visual trends in advertisements.

F1 score—a harmonic mean of the precision and recall—of 0.9 over the entire period, meaning that it accurately predicted the type of 90% of the images.

As with the universality of browsers, there is a major role for the W3C in creating the standards that will allow decentralized data pods and apps to interoperate.

In my experience, Linked Data excites developers who have never seen it before, because they suddenly have access to a whole Web of data instead of just one back-end. It opens up huge opportunities, since they no longer depend on harvesting data to get build something nice.

"object": "https://you.example/likes/2018/12#rubens-post",

Recommendations 9 and 10 are not directly mapped to any requirements as requirements were inferred from use cases from human users.

new description format

A political cartoon can be better understood if we know the offices of state that the individuals held at the time of the cartoon, and here is where it helps to combine artwork data and political data on the same platform.

Have your own research question in DH projects. If we want to be partners in research, we can also do research. Find the research aspect in the projects that are relevant for you and feed the answers you find during the projects back into your practice as a library. Make research projects mutually benefical and become the partner you want to be.

Work more openly. Publish documents that you might think are only of interest to your direct colleagues, but can actually be very valuable to your wider network.

As machine learning techniques like Optical Character Recognition (OCR) push new boundaries, IIIF Image provides a uniquely efficient way to build new training sets that can easily be shared as lists of urls.

Composite annotations are a more complex case as they do not represent a single entity mentioned in the text. As such they do not contain a named entity reference but rather point to one or more existing annotations that are used to mark up the infor-mation that describes the thing represented by the composite annotation.

using annotation classes for dis-tinguishingbetween mentions of different types of objects such as Persons or Lo-cations

Annotations have technical metadata.It is important to identify, who and when created the annotation, what is the visibility of the annotation, etc.

there are no othercosts related to the creation and attribution of the identifiers.

a policy must be established for the three collection levels “objects”, “metadata” and “metadata records” based on a pilot.

The pilot will reveal

a kind of scorecard containing all FAIR principles on which one can mark the score for each principle per collection

ORCID (orcid.org),

“Persistent” entails the permanent availability of the identifier

Digital objects have a date-timestamp

The DEN DE BASIS set of best practices, although it is very broad and complete, is not compact enough for quick adoption.

It seems that citation standards can be derived from provided standard metadata formats as facilitated by tools like Refworks, Mendeley and Zotero.

The list raises several questions, for instance how to link annotations to specific fragments of a text, what a retrieval protocol for annotations should look like, etc.

The phrasing of the FAIR principles is somewhat confusing, very probably because of the wish to be concise. Some principles (not all) refer to both “data” and “metadata”, which is formulated as “(meta)data”, for example in “F1. (meta)data are assigned a globally unique and persistent identifier”. One principle is self-referencing (“I2. (meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles“). Also the enumeration of the four sections (F, A, I, R), each containing 3 or 4 principles, is rather uncommon, for example “(F)air” has four individual principles F1, F2, F3, F4, but “(R)eusable” has one main principle R1 and three sub-principles R1.1, R1.2, R1.3. The logic of this subdivision is unclear, because all four Reusable principles are guidelines on the same level in their own right. In fact, the authors say so themselves: “The elements of the FAIR Principles are related, but independent and separable.” (Wilkinson et al. 2016, p.4).

It's the forgetting that will allow progress.

The hardest part of looking back on this project is seeing how, in the last year of the project, we managed to do most of the heavy lifting, while prior to this year the project felt untethered.

It is challenging, if not impossible, to usefully quantify the return on investment of involvement in a community like Samvera, but the time spent by other community members providing technical support (solicited and unsolicited), conceptual support, and emotional support have provided us with benefits beyond what one could expect from contracts or subscriptions

We hope our migration story will be helpful to developers and repository managers as a map of development hurdles and an aspiration of success.

the entire schema can be found on GitHub

Reproducibility advocates are converging around a tool set to minimize these problems. The list includes version control, scripting, computational notebooks and containerization — tools that allow researchers to document their data, the steps they follow to manipulate it, and the computing environment in which they work (see ‘Getting reproducible’).

Limitations

A curated list that provides centralized peer-reviewed resources about a specific topic provides a starting point where developers know that they can find high-quality resources and begin learning the subject.

Curation is a common practice in Archeology.

Concepts for the future of scholarly publishing extend beyond collaborative writing [45,46]. Bookdown [47] and Pandoc Scholar [48] both extend traditional Markdown to better support publishing. Examples of continuous integration to automate manuscript generation include gh-publisher and Continuous Publishing [49], which was used to produce the book Opening Science [50]. Distill journal articles [51], Idyll [52], and Stencila [53] support manuscripts with interactive graphics and close integration with the underlying code. As an open source project, Manubot can be extended to adopt best practices from these other emerging platforms.

This resource is protected by copyright

To analyze the status and potential risks of copyright infringement for our digital collections we made use of the licenses granted by both Creative Commons and RightsStatements, established by Europeana and DPLA.

We decided that all data are made as openly available as possible, in as many places as possible.

Are they allowed to download and reuse our metadata?

World Wide Web (w3c)

nstitutional databases do not communicate with outside data stores such as publishers, vendors, non-profit organizations, and open source platforms.

The proposed solution is a shared information pipeline where all stakeholders/agents would be able to share and exchange data about entities in real time. Three W3C recommended protocols are considered as potential solutions: the Linked Data Notifications protocol, the ActivityPub protocol, and the WebSub protocol.

introductory session on the Textual Encoding Initiative (TEI) offered by Huw Jones, head of the Digital Library Unit

“Your primary collaborator is yourself six months from now, and your past self doesn’t answer e-mails,”

The other cost barrier is the opportunity cost of requiring scholars to spend significant time learning how to install and deploy web applications before they even get the chance to see how those applications can support their digital scholarship goals.

It was Brian Henebry, the Director for Architecture, Service and Operations for Miami's IT Service

these are made more complicated with the addition of a third party (Amazon)

plans for longer term sustainability; and succession planning when a client moves on and wants to take their work with them.

we recognize that users of the Scholars Dashboard may at some point want to move to a less experimental platform and move their work to a “production” environment.

Other services routinely require customization of their configuration to match the characteristics of the running instance

That process is mostly manual and would benefit from more automation and integration with common billing mechanisms.

(http://scholardashboard.miamioh.edu)

As indicated in a 2014 EDUCAUSE article “Libraries have always been in the business of knowledge creation and transfer, and the digital scholarship incubator within the library can serve as a natural extension of this essential function” (Sinclair, 2014 Sinclair, B. (2014). The university library as incubator for digital scholarship. EDUCAUSE Review. Retrieved from http://er.educause.edu/articles/2014/6/the-university-library-as-incubator-for-digital-scholarship [Google Scholar]). Such incubators can create innovative virtual shared spaces that can support learning and discovery at different scales.

Doel is het maken van een toolkit voor het meten van hergebruik van erfgoed data (d.w.z. al het gebruik buiten het kijken en downloaden in het repository om).

Mark Lizar [position statement] presents the idea of ‘consent receipts’. A working group of the Kantara Initiative developed a format to formally describe the purpose of data collection, the identity of the data controller, and more. Mark is working on making such receipts, and the policies they refer to, easier to understand.

(https://digitalcollections.universiteitleiden.nl/view/item/937962)

Next Steps

creating the architecture and scaffolding of the World Wide Web

As a profession, we reward productivity in the form of papers and grants, and sitting down to deeply read journal articles can feel like wasted time. Yet, if we aren’t regularly reading the literature, we risk that the work we are doing is out-of-date, duplicative, or derivative.

The following five different NER systems have been used in our tests: Stanford NER, NER-Tagger, the Edinburgh Geoparser, spaCy, and Polyglot-NER.

By assigning DOIs, these resources also become citable.

References

doi: 10.1038/sdata.2017.27 (2018).

For large-scale metadata harvesting the MetaStore is OAI complaint

content

they either have a focus on generic institutional repositories without community specific adaptations (DSpace, Fedora)

KIT DM is more flexible

Internet

If we can incorporate such methods into end-to-end models, it becomes possible to let these models learn the most appropriate level of inference themselves.

3.4.The default data model?

When designing such a system, scalability issues need also to be considered. These questions are not easily solved and will be investigated as part of our future research. We aim at addressing issues such as what is the best way to transfer all the data, how can large data sets be processed, and how can processing power be distributed.

With DivaServices all complicated installation and configuration steps to use a method are removed by providing a simple-to-use RESTful web service.

RDFa does not have a standardized option to place data in named graphs

training delivered over four segments

Slecht onderzoek kan bovendien een domino-effect veroorzaken: als een andere studie dat effect niet repliceert, heeft dat een minder grote kans om gepubliceerd te worden. Het eerste artikel veroorzaakt een bias: als dat niet deugt, hebben alle goede studies het moeilijker.

I have not seen this crucial second paradigm shift articulated explicitly elsewhere

We can essentially replace LinkedIn by an address book, where somebody is a connection if they also have you in their contact list.

Consider this social media post, where an author states his professional opinion on an online news article.

Most Web applications today follow the adage “your data for my services”. They motivate this deal from both a technical perspective (how could we provide services without your data?) and a business perspective (how could we earn money without your data?).

A practice is included in our list if large numbers of researchers use it and large numbers of people are still using it months after first trying it out. We include the second criterion because there is no point in recommending something that people won't actually adopt.

Many of our recommendations are for the benefit of the collaborator every researcher cares about most: their future self (as the joke goes, yourself from 3 months ago doesn't answer email…).

Desktop editors for Markdown writing may meet content editing needs in these cases but were not explored in depth for this article.

Forming an individual relationship may be time-consuming but it can make a big difference in the quantity and quality of researcher contributions.

Throughout the outreach process, it has become increasingly apparent that focused and personalized attention, demonstrated through individualized emails and one-on-one meetings, helps increase researcher participation.

People just assume that the work I do in my day job now is much harder than it actually is, so if I can lower that barrier we can have more people learning to do it and more people can be more efficient in their jobs.

Do we not see likewise in dh that conferences focus on techniques, and papers focus more on describing technology than its application? 

automatisation

The Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas Austin, which is well-funded and ambitious, is said to have particularly driven up the price for the most sought-after collections

The framework of the EM research is mainly BS added with the concept of spirituality, as described by religious sociologists

BS is the most important framework of the research.

Here, however, the discussion starts at the level of the organisation because this was logically seen the best starting point.

blood groups

The EM is an open model. This implies that no restrictions exist in publishing.

Research to the EM provided relevant information that is profitable for every (potential) user

he EM is far and foremost a coaching model.

BS studies made clear that BS has positive effects for the organisation as a whole, and the welness of the employee.

Because there still does not exist a proper Knowledge Management at theGEI as would be provided by using a suitable KOS these research resultscan not yet be linked to other research contexts and therefore are in danger ofnot being used afterwards. Their production within a highly specialized researchcommunity with complex but separate contexts and systems prevents them frombeing found easily, consequently followed by death of data”, double work andwaste of resources. Another researcher with related information interests has noknowledge about the already existing GEI data and is not able to satisfy theirneed of information easily.

scientific protocols

Before approving a study, ethics committees should ask researchers to declare in writing their willingness to work with their institutional resources, such as librarians, to ensure they do not submit to any journals without reviewing evidence-based criteria for avoiding these titles.

SPRQL queries

try and click on a very common sentence, e.g. “the experiments were performed as previously described”. In essentially every single case today, nothing happens, while in the demo in 1968, it would have taken the reader to a document describing the experiments.

nobody seems to care about the software we write to transform the bits and bytes of the raw data into the flat, pixel-based images.

For example, the US Fair Credit Reporting Act requires that agencies disclose “all of the key factors that adversely affected the credit score of the consumer in the model used, the total number of which shall not exceed 4.” It’s difficult to satisfy this regulation if your credit model is a deep neural network.

in the end all scientists should have an interest in improving scientific practice

Having recently had the displeasure of experiencing firsthand in my own life how the news media operate

I considered a number of annotation tools. After trying many and consulting with colleagues and the distance learning team at FSU,33. Thanks are due to Paul Fyfe, Tarez Graban, and Charles McCann for their advice on this topic.View all notes I chose Hypothes.is.44. Hypothesis <https://hypothes.is> [accessed 3 August 2016].View all notes It offered stability, good reviews, open source, creative commons, the option of private annotation, a clean and inviting interface, and flexible possibilities for the course and beyond.

With a large class, some responsibility must fall on the student to follow directions and ask for help.

Some websites do not integrate smoothly with the Hypothes.is shell.

I worked to establish trust and community so that we could respectfully disagree upon difficult matters.

many students used their own names

The staff at Hypothes.is was extremely helpful in deleting these false pointers once students had re-posted their annotations in the correct location.

Given my students’ lack of familiarity with annotation software, each of these roles was distinctly necessary. I offered instructions and advice via assignment guidelines, announcements, FAQs with screenshots, personal emails, video conferencing, and meeting with students personally in office hours. The staff at Hypothes.is emailed with students, and Jeremy Dean provided a Student Resource Guide and video tutorial.

Using Hypothes.is on Victorian texts lends itself to focused annotation along a number of axes:(1) Historical: highlight a literary, medical, judicial, or historical reference and discuss its history;(2) Linguistic: highlight one word and discuss its history, usage, and connotations;(3) Literary: highlight a phrase or sentence to discuss using particular literary or analytic concepts discussed in class (metaphor, free indirect discourse, irony, etc);(4) Ethical: highlight a sentence that represents an ethical choice in this text and discuss the costs of that choice;(5) Multimedia: highlight a phrase or sentence and link to a visual, audio, or video clip with a brief explanation of the connection you see.

Within the LDP specification is the concept of an LDP Container. A basic implementation of LDP containers involves two “kinds” of resources, as diagrammed in Fig. 1. The first type of resource represents the container—a metadata document that describes the shared features of a collection of resources, and (optionally) the membership of that collection. This is analogous to, for example, a metadata document describing a data repository, where the repository itself has features (ownership, curation policy, etc.) that are independent from the individual data records within that repository (i.e., the members of the collection). The second type of resource describes a member of the contained collection and (optionally) provides ways to access the record itself.

if there is an algorithm capable of extracting it and exposing it via the TPF interface.

without the need to define an API

The FAIR Projector, in this case, is a script that dynamically transforms data from a query of UniProt into the appropriately formatted triples; however, this is opaque to the client. The Projector’s TPF interface, from the perspective of the client, would be identical if the Projector was serving pre-transformed data from a static document, or even generating novel data from an analytical service.

Calling HTTP GET on the URL of the FAIR Projector produces RDF triples from the data source that match the format defined by that Projector’s Triple Descriptor. The originating data source behind a Projector may be a database, a data transformation script, an analytical web service, another FAIR Projector, or any other static or dynamic data-source.

We propose, therefore, to combine three elements—data transformed into RDF, which is described by Triple Descriptors, and served via TPF-compliant URLs. We call this combination of technologies a ”FAIR Projector”.

An RML map describes the triple structure (subject, predicate, object, abbreviated as [S,P,O]), the semantic types of the subject and object, and their constituent URI structures, that would result from a transformation of non-RDF data (of any kind) into RDF data.

we only require read functionality

the LDP’s use of the Data Catalogue Vocabulary

engineers

What would it be like if that was all there was—structures meant to bring people and students together for as long as a methodology remains useful or a question remains interesting? Such entities would be born like centers—born with all the excitement and possibility of not knowing what you’re doing—of having to learn from each other what the methodologies and questions are really about.

we’d have to change the names of the degrees to something vague, like “Bachelor of Arts” or “Doctor of Philosophy.”

The goal of any new theory of libraries must of course accommodate the increasing needs in research and scholarship for large quantities of information, but should not preface quantity of information over all else. As important as the information itself is, providing and supporting an environment that allows for the transformation of that information into new knowledge is essential.

The Wrong Business for Libraries

Most popular U.S. mobile apps, by unique monthly visitors

There are no professional standards on such disclosures in the research papers, which are mostly published in law journals at the universities.

Google has paid professors whose papers, for instance, declared that the collection of consumer data was a fair exchange for its free services;

best practices for assisting digital humanists defined

We encourage style guides to update their recommendations for DOIs to use the full URL form.

The short form of the DOI for https://doi.org/10.5285/1D4D70AD-DC38-4E5F-BC39-066BABCA2FB2 is https://doi:10/bcc7.

Called “Sneak Peek,” it’s not exactly a preprint server (because scientists can only post if Cell Press has accepted their manuscript), and it’s not exactly open access (because you need to register for free to see them). But it does allow scientists to share work ahead of peer review and publication and brag about their high-profile placement at the same time.

The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences won’t take papers that appear as preprints if they have a Creative Commons License

You may be wondering why scientists would even bother to publish in journals after they’ve posted a preprint—a system intentionally built to subvert the bottleneck of peer-reviewed publication. But the system of academic publishing and all the rewards built into it haven’t disappeared. Which means for now at least, biology careers aren’t made on bioRxiv. Traditional journals still hold the key to postdoc positions, tenure lines, and lab funding.