any more are reshaping the media, but they potentially cause risks towards their daily users.

About 40% of the Earth’s population has become familiarized with and uses online social media.

extends Boyd’s argument that their generation does not determine level of knowledge on technology. Nigel Coutts and Danah Boyd both claim that digital natives can be out of touch with technology, and digital immigrants can actually adapt and learn about technology if they wish to

termines one’s level of engagement with technology but one’s disposition towards it” (Coutts).

ds Boyd’s claims by arguing that digital natives may not be universally tech-savvy in terms of work, but most of them do know a thing or two about video games. If they used this knowledge in a work setting, they would be much more useful and be respected by older people. 

oint that technology does not always mean in a classroom or work setting, but many “digital natives” are in fact digitally intelligent on things like video games. He claims that digital natives

Danah Boyd a

disagrees with the idea that digital natives are automatically well-equipped and tech-savvy, because many millennials and young people must in fact learn the ropes to technology. She also combats the idea that digital immigrants are so out of touch with technology that they can never be natives, they will always be one step behind the natives because they didn’t grow up using technology. Although this may be true for some, many adults and older people are actually better adapted to technology than younger people

With the implementation of technology

o the pizza place in search of these children. As a result of this man not being educated on how to tell whether a website was fake or real, he got arrested. Thankfully in this case nobody was hurt, but if people don’t get the right education on digital literacy then occurrences like this one will continue to happen. This just shows that with all the fake websites out there, everyone needs to be educated on digital literacy. Society shouldn’t assume that one group of people automatically know more about the internet than the other because realistically everyone needs to learn more about the internet. If we want to make a change, then everyone need to ditch the terms digital native and digital immigrant and assume that everyone has the same understanding of the internet and then go on to learn from there.

“[w]ikipedia isn’t simply a product of knowledge; it’s also a record of the process by which people share and demonstrate knowledge.” and “[w]ikipedia can be a phenomenal educational tool, but few educators I met knew how to use it constructively.” (Boyd 188-189)

 “difference between a web browser and the internet”

extends Boyds argument by providing education and tips about how to navigate websites

Simple skills like knowing when something is biased or fake, understanding algorithms, and knowing how to fact check are important things that most teenagers have no idea how to do.

Being born into a society where technology surrounds you can lead to many assumptions that the youth has all the skills and knowledge about it.

nk children know everything about technology because she “often found that teens must fend for themselves to make sense of how technologies work and how information spreads.” This shows why society should not place the youth and the elders in different categories when it comes to social media because in reality, children don’t know much about technology at all according to some studies Boyd created that will be talked about in the next paragraph. Overall Boyd disagrees with the terms digital native and digital immigrants whereas Zur and Walker think digital immigrants and digital natives are supposed to be divided into separate categories.

virtue of their being born around technology, others do not have a knack for technology and computers, or even an interest or inclination to learn more.” This shows that they expanded on these two terms

by showing all the elements to digital natives and digital immigrants

Therapy in the Digital Era

I will also look at Boyds claim that the youth needs to develop digital literacy skills and expand on that with an outside source that explains in detail the skills that all y

atives decreases equality among the people because we assume that young people know everything about technology that we disinclude them from all learning opportunities.

Danah

“ It’s Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens”

Were you born in a time where technology always existed or in a time where you lived without it?

Bennett begins by mirroring Boyd’s argument and then branches off in order to extend on the same argument. Bennett’s comparison of the term, “digital literacy,” to other biases and how they affect our thinking qualifies Boyd’s idea of the danger of the term.

s where technical wherewithal is neither valued nor normative, teens are far less likely to become digitally savvy.” This quote highlights Boyd’s central claim about the digital divid

In the same chapter from her book, “It’s Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens,” Boyd

y skills necessary, Wikipedia would be a valuable flow of information for their research.

The information from the university happened to be opinion statements a professor posted while Wikipedia had the facts.

This paper will discuss Danah Boyd’s argument in her chapter on “Are today’s youth digital natives?” and connect her idea to two other articles in order to extend or complicate her main claims

perspective on the topic that is neither pessimistic nor optimistic but a healthy space in between.

of the other articles

children who grew up around technology and need technology to live their everyday lives.

whether today’s youths are “digital natives.”

, “It’s Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens,

This chapter is also filled with different types of evidence and reasoning as to why his side of the argument is the correct one. It gets the readers thinking about things they might not have ever thought of before reading this.

Because he has three main claims, rebuttals are to be expected for nearly each one however, he does leaves them out or makes them so small that readers may not even notice that there was a rebuttal.

Personally I agree with Thompson because I have experienced that when I put my thoughts out there and read others work it helps me have a better understanding of different writing techniques that I can use later in my writing pieces.

essay perfectly in one go? This is why we write things down because the thoughts and ideas can become jumbled in our brains if we don’t. Thompson often uses media discourse for hs man claims so that his readers know exactly what is going on throughout the essay. This claim is also backed up by evidence which is an effective way to prove the point trying to me made. He uses a poet to back up this argument to establish credibility for the audience. The famous poet, Cecil Day-Lewis, says “We do not write in order to be understood; we write in order to understand” (Thompson 51). This quote is coming from someone who writes poems for a living and it shows that writing things down plays a huge role in clarifying your mind and is a big part of what writers do for their work.

than 500 million tweets on Twitter, and over 1 million blog posts and 1.3 million blog comments on WordPress alone” (Thompson 46-47). This shows people the bigger picture about how often and how much we use the internet for writing every single day. The use of the large numbers grasps the reader’s attention because it gets them thinking about the real statistics and to realize that Thompson may be right about what he is arguing

gues that the internet has become an outlet for our writing skills and that we are writing more now than we ever have before.

more clear and cognitive,

using many other people’s experiences, expert quotes, facts, and studies to support his argument. The author uses all four of these to support his claim about the audience effect. Thompson s

A rebuttal that was addressed by Thompson was that college students are worse at writing now compared to people in the past. Thompson used a study from a Stanford English Professor as supporting evidence that people now write more than ever before. The findings were that the error rate stayed mostly consistent throughout the years, but what was interesting was that es

“hand waving” to prove that, if you were to write a controversial blog post with the concept of hand waving

your need to please people.

e that letter writing was a common event in the past, so people don’t realise how much they are writing in comparison to people in the past.  The author uses a Historian’s work to prove just how little people wrote letters. In 1845, the United States lowered prices on the cost of sending personal letters a

blic writing made possible by the internet has important effects on thought, knowledge-sharing, culture, and politics

in his book The Shallows that, “We (people who go on the internet) become mindless consumers of data.” which is similar to what you hear most people say when talking about the internet.  

ague and not relatable to his audience. Thompson recalls an observation he made when visiting young bloggers from China. He reflects on his surprise that many of the bloggers wer

that the most intellectual experts “[knew] how to debate, marshal evidence, listen to others, and [able] to concede points”(67). Thompson relates the Greek culture to today’s era to persuade the reader that today’s literacy includes a high standard of knowledge and proficiency. Thompson’s strong evidence is able to effectively persuade the reader on the increase of literacy.

Thompson proves that with a society full of criticism, writers have to constantly reevaluate their own thoughts in a more precise and intellectual way to persuade the audience.

The Internet has enlarged the impact of the audience effect

but also improves one’s memory. For example, Thompson includes early evidence known as the “generation effect” tested by two psychologists. They found that individuals were more able to be recall words they had “written down compared to words merely read” (57). What he means by this is that writing is not only for developing thoughts but a process that allows individuals to improve intellectually.

hat the Internet forms a new wave of public thinking constantly improving the way we live, th

ly improves ones writing abilities but also improves our society and culture as a whole.

New discoveries of the benefits of the Internet are evolving constantly, making it one of the most beneficial platforms in today’s era.

people perform better in front of an audience

pson’s main claims, analyze how effective his claims are, evaluate his strengths and weaknesses and discuss rebutt

writing in general is so important and the many benefits it contai

hese advancements have lead to many positive benefits including; clarity of thoughts, connecting and sharing information, knowledge, bettering our quality of writing and the expression of feelings. I

a of writing in general there have been many advances with public writing, with the help of the internet.

impact of writing on the internet has drastically changes and increases everyday.

expressed the many benefits it has

, making us do whatever is convenient and not encouraging us to put forth our full effort.

it has been proven

Educational development has radically transformed since the integration of technology.

e best that they can. He concludes that when you know no one else will be reading what you wrote, you will not care if it is well developed; however, if you know that many others will have access to what you wrote, you will have more motivation to try your best to create a well written piece.

they are no longer the only one who will be reading the material, a greater amount of pressure was put on to them to write something of higher value

within writing pieces

acknowledging

technology has had a positive impact on society.

observe

both sides in his writing

public media

Between the various forms of social media and an increase in internet access, technology continues to influence the progression of society as a whole.

majorly transformed

) When challenged to write for an audience, the students wrote more efficiently and even presented their argument better. Having an audience gives the writer a purpose and makes them want to create a piece that is legible to all audiences and all types of readers. The fear of criticism should not scare the author into not writing the way they feel most comfortable. Social media and blogging opens up the forum for discussion and gives us the opportunity to share our thoughts with others who are reading the same conte

roviding the statistics and research persuading the reader to view the argument from his standpoint. Showing the proof behind his claims is a powerful tool when persuadin

proves the point that our online posts are giving us a reason to write, and even though many of us think we can’t influence the thoughts and spark conversation all throughout the wor

n age of limited ways of communication, people were still rarely using their writing skills to communicate. While people may disagree, think of it like this, why would the telephone have been invented if the form of communication that was already being used

Research suggests that even in the United Kingdoms peak letter writing years- the late nineteenth century, before the telephone became common- the average citizen received barely one letter every two weeks, and thats even if we generously include a lot of distinctly unliterary business missives of the ‘hey you owe me money’ type.”

Another claim presented in Thompson’s chapter, states that before the internet, people were not writing frequently

Thompson claims that people who use different messaging platforms rarely make grammatical errors in their essays and in their schoolwork

persuade the reader to understand his argument.

ur new generation writes. Thompson argues that the internet has given us a platform to write like never before. No other generation has had the tools to write so freely and easily

The time has come when writing out our ideas with pencil and paper is no longer popular.

Thompson made the decision to include this experiment because his audience would know the esteemed reputation that Vanderbilt has and be more inclined to trust these results.

ant decrease in the quality of papers that students produce. Thompson’s use of rebuttals function to strengthen his claims and counter any opposing viewpoints that his readers may have. 

son directly challenged his opposer’s view and used evidence to persuade his audience that the counterclaim is invali

lic Wikipedia entries. She found that “when the students first tried inputting badly sourced articles, the Wikipedians simply deleted them. So the students were forced to go back, work harder, find better evidence, and write more persuasively,” (56). Thompson i

Social media has given rise to a phenomenon known as the audience effect

s argument because it was spoken by a well-known poet, someone who’s very job is to write

ck up his claims. 

g, and culture.

cognitive thought,

become more of a personal passion t

One of Thompson’s main claims is that writing on the Internet allows people to improve their cognitive behavior by clearing their thoughts

“Indeed, one of the unspoken cardinal rules of online expression is be more interesting” (Thompson, pg. 54).

. This example is the reason teachers oftentimes make students annotate a piece of literature that they are assigned, even so knowing that the student dreads i

With this said, Thompson claims that online writing tools help broaden our way of thinking and in general provide more thorough thoughts and ideas.

support his main argument concerning the pros of public speaking through online methods.

literary

delving

humans formulate deeper clarity/in-depth thoughts, superior effort and improved writing skills

stillconflictabouthowusefultheseclassroomskillswillbeintheworkplace.

Suchamovemightallowusto(1)connecttheclassroomwithwhatstudentsarealreadydoingintheirownlives;(2)accountforourcurrenteconomicandtechnologicalinfluences;and(3)diffusetheconflictbetweenacademicandworkplaceinterests,buildingbridgesbetweenthesetwointerestedparties

nwhatfollows,IargueforamovefromattentiontotheconceptofsituatedlearningtowardwhatIwouldcallnetworkedlearning,andIdelineatenetworkedlearningaccordingtofourdescriptors:horizontal,peripheral,nomadic,andindependent

Studentsarelearninginnetworkedwaysmuchmorethantheyarelearningfromtraditionalpedagogicalapproaches

ehavemovedintoanera

Thisessayproposesthatinlightofwhathasbeencalledthe"neweconomy,"weneedtorethinksomeofthepedagogicalapproachesandtheoriesweusetoprofessionalizeourstudents.

Takentogether,thesetwotopicsindicatealargerseismicshiftinthewaysthatindividualsworkandliveinthetwenty-firstcentury,ashiftthatisalsoreflectedinhowprofessionalwritingstudentsarelearninghowtobecomeprofessionalsinthefield

seems so silly, obviously no one wants mass shootings to happen, but this is where the demagoguery comes in. In today’s society, it seems as though each political party views the other as a group of terrible, evil people with bad ideas. Although I don’t know much about politics, I do read many twitter arguments and shake my head at how these parties go against each other so aggressively.

things. For example, Hitler was a demagogue who got away with killing so many people because he taught his followers that his way was the only one that mattered. One could even argue that Donald Trump is a demagogue in power now. His insensitive way of speaking about the opposite party is demagoguery. He places adjectives in front of everything, like “crooked” Hillary. This could be seen as a tactic to make her seem less credible just by being associated with that word.

critical digital literacy” in her writing. I think by this she means she believes young people should be able to understand computers and other digital medias we use daily.

because each day we use our computers and our smartphones and most of us have no clue what goes into that.

In my opinion, the most important claim is “teens will not become critical contributors to this ecosystem simply because they were born in an age when these technologies were pervasive.” Throughout the entire reading, Boyd is trying to explain that just because teens and young adults were born in the digital age does not mean they know anything about how a computer works. She explains that the youth must learn how to become media literate, it does not come naturally.

The most provocative point in the chapter was made by John Perry Barrow,

The very last line of Roberts-Miller’s “Rhetoric ad Demogoguery” text sums up everything I felt after reading 100+ comments: “What most prevents demagoguery is a culture in which we believe that you should ‘Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.’ And that’s what we should teach” (Roberts-Miller). In a marriage, politics, with family and friends, we could all take a cue from watching the hateful ways humans communicate with each other. It starts with us. The more aware we are, the less likely we are to support that kind of hate in others.

Each side claims to be the “in-group” and the other as the “out-group”, which ends up isolating them both from each other, effectively creating a dynamic similar to that seen in our current political discourse.

already see elements of demagoguery as defined by Roberts-Miller in “Characteristics of Demagoguery”. One of her key claims is that demagoguery takes on “god and devil terms.” Driscoll used these terms directly (“demons”), which “evoke strong emotions” (Roberts-Miller). It is clear to me, as someone who has fielded many questions about how I can teach yoga and believe in Jesus, that evangelicals are generally very scared of what they do not know. If it slightly wreaks of something “new age”, it is cast aside as bad. People engaged in yoga are flawed, misguided and need to be “saved.” Someone like Mr. Driscoll serves as a catalyst for more fear-mongering and anxiety. It gives folks in his congregation permission to call others evil without even considering that they may be quite normal and spiritual. He disapproves of any attempt at questions why, and lays down a blanket statement to refute any legitimacy that yoga may have. And people listen because somewhere inside of themselves, they are already harboring a judgment or fear that they may not have vocalized.

Rather than it be solely dependent on the evil of one person, it is subtly built off of preexisting beliefs that pervade a group of people that are not in power.

he McDonalds?” (31), to try and relate the personal freedom of smoking to the personal freedom of eating. If people can eat what they want and it hurts them, why can’t they smoke? But, this gets circular since his argument at the beginning essentially says that smoking isn’t so bad. If it’s not bad, perhaps he shouldn’t try to liken it to something else that’s bad. And, all people have to eat; not all people need to smoke to survive.

n fact, I am quite sure he didn’t read the entire study because the quote he pulls is from the very last line of the conclusion, which is at the beginning of the lengthy text. He is working under the assumption that many people will think of the BMJ as a credible source, thus he is credible, but leaves out huge bits of information that can shift the meaning entirely.

The symbol of a fascist regime

We were faced with a teaching moment we weren’t prepared for, but should’ve been, where we had to explain why that was inappropriate. While these conversations are uncomfortable, they are necessary. Technology can be a great thing, and a terrible thing. We need to teach kids, at a younger age, what to look out for.

teach youth how to navigate media and technology in the same way that we are learning about rhetoric and writing: through a more thoughtful, analytical lens. I see this as teaching youth to ask questions like:

mportant one, so, hopefully people will catch on, add to the rhetoric, and produce more knowledge to help bridge the digital divide.

Teaching people how to be critical about their information sources, while useful, will not help anyone get a job

She only mentions Wikipedia, and goes on for pages about its greatness.

I think Boyd’s ideas about giving more education opportunities for young people is great, but she doesn’t outline the specifics of what that looks like.

which we are unfamiliar with who wrote it, and also subject to whatever biases they bring into the writing of said book. We will never see or hear the process of how they chose to include, or exclude certain information.

that the basic foundation that children and teens have with technology gives them more confidence as they begin using it.

All in all, President Trump’s speech to the U.N. Assembly utilized many demagogic strategies that Miller identifies within her articles. It is concerning that our current President is using such extreme tactic in his rhetoric. I hope the ability within America to freely criticise through open discourse will prevent President Trump’s persuasion towards polarization. However, I have already noticed polarization caused by Trump’s rhetoric within the United States. Thus, it is a fear of mine that this speech will create polarization on a national level as well.

Miller illustrates a few examples of strategies used within demagoguery that can cause such polarization. For instance, the use of god and devil terms causing slipperiness, the use of victimization, motivisism, apocalyptic metanarrative, and in-group/out-group rhetoric, are a few of these strategies that Miller argues demagogues use towards their goal of polarization.

he

redible media source should not have any of these simple mistakes, as media professionals understand that editing and presentation before publishing is vital to their credibility as a whole and audience respect.

FORCES International, who wrote this article, are a biased organization in favor of r

In other words, although Miller’s rhetorical strategy can heighten the support of readers who agree with his values, it can also heighten the anger and motivation of the disagreeing audience as well

Therefore, by helping each other create tools that enable understanding within the media, along with empowering each other to use the existing tools necessary for media literacy, we engage in active learning. As a result of this, the the development of “digital wisdom” is a relevant and useful solution.

evaluate information independently” (Boyd, p. 181).  Otherwise, youth will continue to “look for new intermediaries” to help them determine what’s valuable amongst the internet, instead of being able to critically assess the credibility and quality of information they access themselves. (Boyd, p. 186).

It’s Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens, Boyd discusses this assumption, illustrating how it is dangerous to our future as a society that lies ahead.

It is very clear that infowars.com takes part in demagoguery. They use multiple tactics that Roberts Miller categorized.

It was extremely hard not watch Alex Jones. I feel guilty for giving his website traffic and his video one more view.  

Alex Jones demonizes the left throughout his video. He claims that the left is hurting families. The value of the family is a core american idea. Hurting the family appeals to (if not all) most americans. Jones is drawing on an assumption he believes most people will identify with. Families = American. America = good. Therefore anyone hurting the family is bad and is hurting america.

Throughout both articles she makes statements that allow the reader to understand that sometime YOU are in fact the bad guy. In the case of demagoguery your point of view takes a strong hold on who gets to carry the label.

One problem with Miller’s arguments is that he does not cite all of his sources. He uses these extreme facts to try to persuade people but he does not use correct citations which does not allow you to check and see the information for yourself. There are only two articles that are referenced with the title and the source of the article. Both of these articles come from the same place the Cato Institute. The author of the article “Lies, Damned Lies..” works for the Cato Institute. He is a professor for lawyers. Because of that it makes his argument less reliable to me. I know that lawyers are able to be very persuasive and are able to use data to point in the direction that they desire. Not just that but he also uses the same kind of strong language as Miller does. For Miller to be more persuasive he would have to find more data and cite it correctly. It would be helpful for him to find articles and data that are from medical sources.

This can be seen in contrast to the first version of the story. The first version is the story in a written text. This version includes information on the characters, their home and the kind of work they do. The story is composed of paragraphs, in a traditional written style. These two versions show the contrast in oral and written communities.

Without the use of written language we are not able to hold these complex ideas into our working memory.  

. Just as in academic writing, professional writing and narrative writing have a set of rules, so do oral cultures.

rhetor gets what he (usually) wants, then he might abandon the rhetoric” (pg. 6). This is exactly what Donald Trump did during the campaigning for president making ambitious promises to the public in order to secure the election only for him to do a complete 180 and started to drastically change the infrastructure that has kept this country in stability.

What the author meant is that demagogic rhetoric has caused not just writers and scholars but politicians as well to establish a mentality that debates, issues, policies and so on are being settled through questions of identity instead of rational reasoning.

some these techniques in Sunadita’s second version of “ Two versions of an Oral Tale”. Starting in the 3rd stanza, we see the rhythmic repetition of verses like “King of Nyani, King of Nyani”, and “Will you Rise” that extends in the next stanza. By telling the story of the King of Nyani through the use of repetitions in a rhythmic poem, the power of the words is not only able to project visual images that paints the poem into a story but also it allows those hearing the poem to remember the story, which is then orally passed down generation to generation.

2. In Miller’s argument, I find multiple strengths and weaknesses. I found that a strength of Miller’s argument, as well as a rhetorical strategy, is his use of statistics. Miller first cites the British Medical Journal in ordr to state that it is even safer for college students to smoke than drive. Additionally, Miller utilizes rhetorical questions to prove his argument. I believe that this is a strength as well. When it comes to Shieh’s op ed, I found multiple strengths and weaknesses. One strength is the fact that Shieh utilizes personal experience to prove his arugment which I believe establishes his credibility. Shieh also utilizes the data of the concentration of nictotine to prove the counter argument wrong that the reason smoking is banned at SDSU is due to secondhand smoke outdoors.  However, I do feel that Shieh should have utilized more statistics for his argument.

The digital literacy skills that I believe are important for the youth to develop include communication skills, creative skills, and collaborative skills. As a millennial, I witness my peers post on social media quite frequently. Unfortunately, though, I feel that some of my peers are lacking communication skills to effectively prove their points. It could be a misspelled tweet, an Instagram caption full of emojis and no words, or a post on Facebook that just is not coherent. In this day and age where social media is so prevalent, I feel that the youth needs to care more about making sure that they are effectively proving their points while utilizing correct spelling and grammar. Additionally, creativity is obviously needed in order to create posts that stand out due to originality. I also feel that millennials need to be able to effectively collaborate with one another to share ideas.

Boyd also offers solutions to this issue of unequal digital literacy among youth, which I personally think is a noteworthy issue. When Boyd states, “By not doing work…to help youth develop digital competence, educators reproduce digital inequality…as privileged youth have more opportunities,” (180) I completely agreed with her. It is not right to assume that all teens are digitally literate, as opportunity varies among demographics. The solution that Boyd offers is that educators should take on a role of helping youth navigate the digital world as well as “focus more on skills and knowledge necessary to make sense of the mediated world,” (180). It is entirely true that in this day and age it is completely necessary to become comfortable with technology in order to succeed in higher education and the career force, so educators should work on bridging the gap throughout the youth and avoid assuming that all young people are completely digitally literate.

n this link, one can see the before and after of some users reactions to finding out the shooter was a white man. In an effort to alleviate their cognitive dissonance they spread the idea of the shooting is a false flag. I really expect nothing less from this site at this point. I have been in enough chat rooms at this point that my opinion of people on the internet is not high. However, this level of racism and exclusion is soul-crushing compared to what I was taught this country to be growing up. The world is not as sunshine and rainbows as parents would want it to be.

Donald was quick to blame Muslims before the shooter was even identified.

The moderators, however, doubled down on their love of trump and expressed that he was in absolute control over the cabinet with his expert communication skills. Combine the moderation team with The Donald’s love for quasi-journalistic sites like Breitbart and you have a recipe for quick spreading propaganda

he

I find it fascinating that despite all our access to information and higher education, Miller’s answer to stopping demagoguery came down to the golden rule. Ancient social movements have been saying it for millennia but the more I study the more I see how true it is. Treat people with the respect that you would want to be treated back to you. Obviously, every situation has its o

In perfect world, however,

One way in which students can be groomed for an online world would be mandatory Rhetoric, journalism, or philosophy classes in order to build a healthy skepticism and critical thinking skills. Unfortunately, this kind of growth would require massive amounts of funding and resources.

ws and ultimately shapes the way we see the world. Now with companies like Google profiting off of this information and incentivizing us to pick sites and information, we agree with we are stuck in our own bubbles. Alien to entire other ways of thinking on the internet. The internet has the power to unite us all. Begin the foundation for a global culture as people from all walks of life share their ideas and opinions. Unfortunately, that doesn’t seem all that profitable and by sectioning off the internet into different isolated groups more companies can mine and sell off more and more of our data. Keeping people distracted and divided instead of one big collective conscious. Boyd seems like a smart woman who can help the world a ton by showing it what it is

he establishes this claims by first explaining a common phrase known as digital literacy.

“norm”as harmful, she reinforcesthat a life centered around conservative living will only benefit those who participate. @apurposefulwife is not alone in her endeavor; a growing number of alt-right accounts have mushroomed across social media platforms, beseechingthat the right “unite”to counter the “threats”levied with them. As Millers advises, the best way to negotiate with demagogueryis not to get caught up in sentiment about the rhetor, but to counter rhetoricwith metacognition and deliberation

nreasonable hate for the ideologiesshe helps further.“White’s breeding”is a watered down term for the more radical actions members of the alt right call for; anti-miscegenation, the propagation ofracial purityand the dominance of a white race.

n this way, we see @apurposefulwifeplace herselfin the role of avictim, another characteristicof demagogueryMillers identifies.

to this in group, those who disagree cast into the outgroup

some have called, “militant atheism” and manipulating an ideology to suit hisviews, paying little heed to others.

Of allRobert-Millersstatements, her assertion that we must move beyond the demagogy’s we disagree with to recognize thepresence of demagogueryor demagogues within our own communities or ideologies

While Miller presents research extensively, his use of logos is an attempt to establish his credibility, ethos. However, his abrasive language could leave his audience divided in terms of the pathos invoked. Passionate advocates of smoking would perhaps find this piece resonates deeply with their own sensibilities,

d throughout the chapter. A causal, informal engagement with the digital world must not be the end to which teenagers strive to, rather a complex understanding of information-processes on the Internet must be understood.

We continue to exist in an era where the digital world shapes a significant number of our conversations; it has taught us to interact on a different dimension and brought about a new culture of communication. To associate fluency with age will deter progress rather than encourage it; a progress that will only achieved once we work on effectively bringing down barriers to access and encourage more proactive learning.

Boyd’s use of case studies helps illustrate this argument clearly; teens with restricted access to the Internet curate a limited skillset in contrast to peers with sufficiently more access. While the social aspect of the Internet can be affected, Boyd points out that access to information is greatly hampered. While interviewing a young girl from New York, Boyd discovered that her only means to access digital information was through an inconsistent mobile connection, or to rely on her friends who used “real computers” (194

beral and Democrats argued how Republicans defended themselves over the scandal while their candidate was told to be sent behind bars. Both are polarizing characters along with their polarizing crowds. The demagogues are the ones who see only the right within their group and the wrong outside from out-groups. Using this news article, I found Trump’s side to be the demagogues in the situatio

Different conservative media platforms, mainly Fox News, have been defending the two main account users, Ivanka Trump and Jared Kushner. To say that the Republicans and conservative media are not hypocrites is absurd.

Miller’s article is filled with false hope for smokers and illogical nonsense for non-smokers.

age 85 or above” (p.1). I found a lot of different websites that contradicted this search stating that sixty percent of smoking deaths occur at age 75 and up. These numbers come fro

ecurity. Kids in particular who live in a home where they have access to a computer will most likely use the Internet. They are not aware of all the imminent danger online. Adults should help navigate kids and teens when finding a legitimate, safe website. “Digital natives” and “digital immigrants” should learn to hone these skills together.

of the digital world, we’ll quickly find ourselves in a predicament of lost translation. Adults are aware of this digital danger, yet they only pay the most attention to how much time kids are spending on the Internet. If we can work together to resolve these issues, we can educate both the youth and adults about the digital age.

When pertaining to the “rhetoric of digital natives,” Boyd claims that “not only is it fraught, but it obscures the uneven distribution of technological skills and media literacy across the youth population, presenting an inaccurate portrait of young people as uniformly prepared for the digital era and ignoring the assumed level of privilege required to be ‘native’ “(179). Us teens and young adults do not have a wide knowledge of anything and everything digital. If the digital immigrants assume this about us then there can be consequences, online harassment, and other obstacles.

“misinformed sources.” Boyd explains Wikipedia as being a community of shared ideas, discussions, and thoughts amongst a written debate. You are able to read all of the distinguished viewpoints of people from America as well as other countries in order to create and develop conversations.  Questions can be asked and problems can be solved.

source. “Wikip

Sometimes I can be a bit naïve when it comes to researching information online. When I was younger, I used to believe everything that I found online because no one explained to me how to research the proper websites.

Career wise, I aspire to work for ESPN and entertainment platforms.

exaggerated the threat of crime in the New York City suburbs, lamenting how Long Island’s parks have become ‘bloodstained killing fields’.” Trump even polarizes gang members by suggesting that police officers us an “us against them” mentality. If gang members are equal to animals, the police officers may believe they are above gang members and in turn treat them as so, potentially leading to higher violence and police shootings.

– “It obscures the uneven distribution of technological skills and media literacy across the youth population, presenting an inaccurate portrait of young people as uniformly prepared for the digital era” (179). – “It assumes [the] level of privilege required to be ‘native’ ” (180).

paragraph then finally say her main claim. I would say the main overarching claim is that learning about technology takes time and effort, no matter who you are. Some quotes I found include…

“Comfort with technology is often a prerequisite for obtaining even the most basic of jobs” (198). This is something I have found to be very true within my major and classes. Professors do not teach us about the current technologies and programs that are popular, but rather how to teach yourself how to use each program and solve the problem of not knowing how to use the program through giving us projects to teach ourselves.

Myspace for a couple more years than me. When I started on Facebook you could just go to a website to pick a background, log in and they would load the code for you. However, I know the basics because even a simple smiley face had to have a certain code you had to know.

Based on Ong’s perspective of oral communication, I believe that this form of communication plays a different but comparably important role in our society compared to written communication. For one, the majority of the population back in the days were illiterate and being able to read was either a luxury or a part of life in church. This made the story readily available to a large population. Second, that whoever listened to this epic could have their own ideas and interpretation based on the previous storyteller’s voice, something written stories lack. Ong’s text proves that a single story could have many versions with different ideas and interpretation. These are the characteristics that helps keep Sundiata’s epic alive to this day.

I was interested in the facts that rhetorics nowadays is more often used as a tool to convince of even control what people think. And this claim is certainly true with politics where certain politicians would use a specific term to gain points with a certain audience. Take for example Obama or Trump during their campaign speeches, both used different rhetorics to fit the audience’s appeal. There is thus pros and cons to having an audience. One could simply adjust his or her writing based on who the audience is only to make ends means.

Another example on Cloyd Rivers’ account includes much of the ideas listed above such as polarization and in-group and out-groups. Cloyd Rivers’ also takes a stance on the recent protests in the NFL and brought up by Colin Kaepernick. The far right and Cloyd believe that the people kneeling are disrespecting not just the flag but the people that fought in America’s military as well. This is a very popular opinion throughout America but it is not a polar subject. There are not only two sides to the argument presenting itself. Much of Cloyd’s time is spent praising the people who say that they will always be standing for the anthem. Another thing that he does is scapegoat the out-group, this is one of Roberts-Miller’s main characteristics of a demagogue. The scapegoating of Kaepernick is evident throughout his twitter profile. Since Kaepernick was the leader of the inequality movement in the NFL

It is defined as popularizing propaganda that motivates an in-group to hate the scapegoated.

Boyd also argues that the rhetoric of digital natives has some problems. These teens are not all digitally literate and are learning these technology on their own as they grow up. She feels as if they are being exposed if because they are not able to “critically examine what they are consuming.” I think the solution that Boyd presents matches the problem that she explains. Being more knowledgeable about digital literacy would make our youth and nation as a whole more knowledgeable about what they are reading constantly online and with technology. 

digital literacies that are evident in a worldwide webpage. Through exploring the literacies about “America’s civil war” from people around the world and the other side.

dditionally how people would function without these resources before we had them and how stories would be told with no textual information.

of a demagogue. I think that by framing someone around that and listing their rhetorical strategies. I think Miller’s argument shows that there are two sides to how we label someone for their speech or seeming persuasive.

In Robert Miller’s article Demagoguery (Denver Talk) Miller outlines the problems with the definition of demagoguery such as, “ the way it emphasizes the identity and motives of the rhetor, and that emphasis comes from what I think is a methodological error. Scholars begin by compiling a list of prominent and powerful individual they consider dangerous. They then look to that set of individuals to see what they have in common in order to define what is wrong with that rhetoric”(1). He then goes on to list specifically the “six problems to consider with the methodological problems with the infer rhetors I hate”. His main argument is that, “I think we can distinguish demagoguery from other forms of persuasive discourse on the basis of the presence of certain rhetorical moves, not the identity of the rhetors. I think, also, we should talk about the effectiveness of demagoguery in terms of how it plays into the information worlds that people inhabit. Demagoguery isn’t an identity. It’s a relationship”(2).