n Miller’s article, “The Smoker’s Plea”, Miller implies the correct way to look at both sides of an argument. He suggests, “Miller criticizes the implications that follow from his opponents position.

of the argument and implies through his critique on the argument that he does not agree with the smoking ban, but takes the argument from two different angles.

The assumptions such as, “Understanding what holds an argument together, Identify the writer’s primary audience,

I agree with Boyd, because I feel like now days unless you’re going to school and constantly learning your way around technology that you’re not going to learn how to be a critical thinker. Young people today need to not believe everything they see, learn about both sides of an argument, and learn how to navigate the digital age

Boyd’s argument in this article because he makes the claims that the younger generation is not as knowledgible as they may seem. The younger generation is set in what they know how to use and often do not know what the interworkings of social media and the internet are. This is why I agree with Boyd and his claims in this article.

This forces the younger generation to limit their knowledge of social media to what they know.

Boyd argues in her article that teens may be active on social networking sites but it doesn’t mean they are knowledgeable about how the internet works.

Boyd’s article, It’s Complicated the social lives of networked teens,

Just as the information is received, there is a point of process engaged by recipients contributing to an overall narrative. Given the diversity of narratives surrounding media, Roberts-Miller gives specific deconstruction in her literary discussion Characteristics of Demagoguery.Roberts-Miller defines demagoguery by classifying an in-group and out-group. The in-group being the majority population and the out-group being the minority population. Members of these groups are included but not limited to classifications of religions, political identity, ethnic or cultural background, as well as, likes and preferences. The problem with in-groups and out-group functionality is when it becomes illegal to challenge the hegemonic values imposed by an in-group or the dictator of the hierarchy.  The continuum of demagoguery is attributed to the who continually back the mainstream claims, defending against the notion of accusations, -imposing a general acceptance as things are the way they were meant to be. In not rocking the boat, so to speak, propagation is furthered. The solution to this is in the activism in the area of media source transparency. The general public ought to critique credibilty of claims imposed in order for the general public to make (a) decision(s)/judgement(s) which are contingent upon quality of information given through media. 

With Palczewski teachings I am able to apply categorizes to deconstructing rhetoric as: symbols, symbolic action (expressive human actions), identification, agency, social reality, and reality understood (Palczewski:16). Conversely, Palczewski names and discusses constraints acknowledging we do not share the same experiences and therefore, are limited with shared interpretations of experiences.

Humanity has a history of progression in terms of the matter, for instance the creation story, where in the Garden of Eden, God gave Adam the task of naming the animals, or how Egyptian cuneiform was intended for business yet contributed to the formation of a universal written communication form. The Gutenberg press also receives much credit for the progression of shared communications, and of course the internet has globalized humans.

Giving account to a teen’s quality and quantity to technological access must also be considered around this rhetoric. As it is not safe to generalize, in this matter, we must. Socio-economics play a role in the quality and quantity teens have access to. In turn, the quality and quantity of access play a direct role in the amount of information and activity a teen participates in online. There is still much debate around funding of the educational system, this is mind, comes the implementation of programs and regulation. Much discussion has recently emerged around teens and technology as access causing for progressive dialogues and possible solutions continue to surface.

Boyd recommended teens not disqualify Wikipedia completely as often times professors and scholars are uploading the data. Furthermore, the history pages reflect scholarly debates on facts allowing teens to collaborate data and conclude upon a decision.

An important point Boyd brings up for discussion is, we cannot assume teens can be critical of content (Boyd: 177). On the flip side, we cannot assume parents, teachers and educators are equipped to inform teens to be critical of content as technology has only recently emerged. To ponder if a critical lens matters when comparing the interactions of digital “immigrant,” “native” and question the matter, -is to see we don’t know, what we don’t know. For this reason, the discussion is timely. The reshaping of society has been attributed to recent technological growth. The emergence of unexpected impacts upon society, such as how teenagers gauge appropriate use with such a tool. 

The literacy chapter goes through arguments and claims about teens and digital literacy which come across as intended, -to provoke thought.  

As we continue looking at Gage’s video, remember that RM wrote “demagogues typically appeal to popular images (often visual) This appeal reinforces those images, even when they have nothing to do with reality.” I was struck while viewing the video by the number of memes Gage used. Memes are popular images that balance between funny and true, for whatever your humor or “truth” is. See below for a gallery of the memes found in Gage’s video. All are pejorative towards liberals.

“entitlement, double-standard, rejection of the notion of reciprocally binding rules or principles,” the presenter’s “heavy reliance on fallacious arguments,” and his propensity for “pandering to popular prejudice and stereotype” in the video

Call me a peace-loving hippy, but I am staunchly opposed to anything that derives its power or followers from hate.

sn’t this a great image

But to be a powerful citizen doesn’t demand being able to code or not; it demands being literate, being able to understand the implications of a technology

The issue here is not that the biases are present, as much as the biases being present and enacted without the receiver of the search results made aware of the biases.

d how source accuracy is understood in public education by comparing the views on Wikipedia and Google.

f I’m being perfectly honest, I found that Boyd made some accurate claims, but nothing that was unexpected in a reading about digital literacy. In fact, I predicted from the first page of the reading what her arguments were going to be, including analyzing the use of the phrase native/immigrant from an anthropological point of view, and discussing access

Weaknesses: I didn’t really find any weaknesses in Shieh’s argument, only in his presentation of evidence. I couldn’t discern which CA EPA study he used as evidence, so I went to the CA EPA website. There, I found nothing but negative reports of tobacco smoke and second-hand smoke. Rhetorical strategies Syncrisis – comparison of diverse or contradictory things – SDSU and Chinese village

Titled a “Plea” but is really a tirade. I was expecting one type of method of persuasion, and was bombarded by another.

the interface, and teaching people that biases and humanity is literally coded into everything on the internet, is far more important that teaching people to code.

So, when boyd kind of ignores this necessity in this chapter, I’m frustrated. The need to be critical is not new or tied to the ‘net, it’s been long required.

The writers come across as bitter, angry, and rude both argue for the benefit of smokers ignoring the rest of society and attacking the school systems for wishing to limit the exposure to smoking.

bility to smoke at any time they desire with no consideration of where they wish to smoke.

ol for propaganda and manipulation, those exposed to the internet must approach it with skepticism.

etation is what we all need

e speaks of the responsibility of educators, parents, and policymakers to educate all in the navigation of an “information rich environment” she speaks of essential knowledge of rhetorical writing; knowing, identifying, and interpreting rhetorical writing will allow you to better understand the goal of an argument.

Google gives unreliable results and it’s the user’s responsibility to realize this and filter the information.

Danah Boyd author of “Are Today’s Youth Digital Natives?” examines the disparity between youths who have access to technology and those who don’t. Boyd goes on to asset that today’s youths lack digital knowledge and skills, youths lack essential understanding of fundamental flaws of technology. She begins her analysis by stating that technology is not universal, many lack the opportunity and access to digital devices, resources, and knowledge. She points out that untrustworthy information litter the internet; untrustworthy information meant to sway or mislead users and youths lack the knowledge to distinguish the difference between trustworthy and misleading news.

In all i think that just from looking at one comment on a website, that she was right in that there are certain characteristics that pop up to notify you if a rhetor is using demagoguery based rhetoric. Things like the “us” vs “you” mentality, playing the victim, demonizing/ dehumanizing of the out-group, heavy reliance on fallacious arguments, and pandering to popular prejudice and stereotype all help identify demagoguery based rhetoric and almost all of these popped up in the comment we took a look at. Miller hit the nail on the head in her assessment of the characteristics of demagoguery.

infestaion” that costed them the war, instead of actually taking blame for getting into a shitty war.

pro-slavery didn’t

Characteristics of Demagoguery,” and ” Rhetoric and Demagoguery” both written by Patricia Roberts-Miller explore the idea that demagogic rhetoric has certain key characteristics that distinguish themselves from other forms of persuasive rhetoric.

After searching ,on different search engines, the sources Miller uses in his article seem to be non existed which makes me believe everything he said was just talk to try to persuade you his how while adding fake sources and studies to make his arguments seem legit.

on data driven argument when i felt his data was not really reliable to begin with

Boyd claims the “rhetoric of digital natives” has been damaging for one because it “obscures the uneven distribution of technological skills and media literacy across the youth population, presenting an inaccurate portrait of young people as uniformly prepared for the digital era and ignoring the assumed level of privilege required to be “Native”

le have little training in being critical of the content they consume.” This quote from Boyd proves that she feels our  do not have the proper skills we need to be successful in this new age driven by technology. B

l the people of this great sovereign State and nation, both white and black” (7). While African-Americans are considered evil, Wallace’s words make it seem like he is trying to save them from pure evil, and giving them the opportunities he believes they deserve

Almost all the claims made by Patricia Roberts-Miller in “Characteristics of Demagoguery” were very intriguing to the mind. It makes you think of the tactics that famous figures utilized to become so successful in their agenda. How exactly did Hitler create an army that subjugated and killed Jews, and get away with it for so long? How do particular religions gather followers and create such deep commitment for their beliefs? How can Donald Trump, as radical as his words and speeches are, become elected as the leader of the United States?

It would be difficult to have professors and adults guide them while the youth attempt to independently navigate the digital world.

actually does a “fundamental disservice”. I compare this to parents who fear their child getting hurt by the outside world and therefore shelter them from the harmful bacteria or roughness. While they have good intentions, these parents are keeping children to being exposed to the outside world and building their immune systems. Likewis

This also relates to the claim that assuming all youth are digital natives “obscures the uneven distribution of technological skills and media literacy across the youth population, presenting an inaccurate portrait of young people as uniformly prepared for the digital era and ignoring the assumed level of privilege required to be native” (179-180).

I occasionally dreamed about being Internet famous, whether it’d be through a blog, Facebook, or Instagram. So who knows? Maybe writing on here without having to awkwardly saying it face-to-face could help us connect! I hope we all learn a bit more about each other through the semester and have a great time.

The video creates polarization from creating two standpoints, you either agree with Donald Trump or you disagree with his opinion.

Miller and Shieh argue smoking should be allowed on campus. Miller’s argument is based on comparative health benefit such as poor diet and exercise. Shieh’s argument emphasizes on students handling stress at school.  I think Shei creates a stronger argument with pathos and pulling on the readers emotions to sympathize different ways to relieve stress. The weaknesses in Miller’s argument is comparing health risk with poor eating. The argument that smoking is healthier than too little exercise and poor eating choices is a weak argument. Miller does not really explain these different health issues and how they impact your body now and to the future. Miller also has a weakness in sources, which are not so reliable and outdated.

the internet is very useful. In today’s extensive use of social media being one of the main outlets where we receive news, being able to analyze the biases and credibility of the information is important. This is especially crucial with the uprising of fake news. People need to analyse the outlet they receive news. I think Boyd could have created a stronger argument by mentioning fake news and see why critical re

nalyzing the assumptions that digital natives is a label for all youth. She goes on in the chapter that assuming all youth is part of this digital culture is wrong though the support of digital inequalities. She dedicates a section about digital inequalities and that not all you have the same access to technology, but also do not have the same opportunity to become fluent in the digital age. The label digital natives also takes away the idea that adults and the older generation cannot be efficient with today’s technological advances. The solution she offers to this problem is that

Boyd has several claims in this chapter. I think her main argument is that it is dangerous to assume all youth are automatically informed in digital literacy and that older generations cannot interact or offer anything to the new digital age. She claims the both generations, young and old, have to become more digitally literate and have to consume knowledge from social media and internet information with a critical lense. She argues that everyone should analyse the content they are consuming.

people have a critical eye when reading information. Another interesting point Boyd makes in the chapter are the inequalities in accessibility with technology, but also acquiring skills in using the internet and social media. I think the chapter is interesting how Boyd brings up provocative claims made by others that all youth are digital natives and create a divide between generations.

interpurates

or example, as Sundiata’s mother sings her lines, we see repetition of her words that convey a sense of desperation and urgency in her embarrassment. In the first text, we visually see her frustration written out, but not to the degree of the second text, when it can be assumed how hysterical and upset she was at their situation.

Thank you for reading this little blurb about me! I look forward to working with everyone this semester.

In the end the person who made the comment on the holocaust found himself/herself in a never ending “discussion” against users who all they had in their minds, while leaving their replies, was “really?” or “are you stupid?” It is also an example of what Miller explained about demagogues, and how some of the characteristics he mentioned can be seen every day. Even outside social media.

he author also adds that those who follow this belief tend to focus more on obeying and promoting on those symbols, whereas those who follow patriotism are more concerned about having effective policies, social security, a healthy economy and others (Miller). Learning about this made me think of today and how you often see those two kinds of people around.

iller does use a lot of studies to persuade the reader to believe what he says. I find the British Medical Journal interesting because of how its search engine works. Miller’s writing is from 2007, and if you write “smoking” in search you probably won’t be able to find where Miller got his information from. However, you will see that the latest article that has been uploaded in BMJ is very recent. This means that this source is constantly upgrading its data. There are probably newer articles of recent studies that could be utilized to enhance or maybe go against what Miller writes in his paper. Miller also uses an article, “Lies, Damned Lies, and 400,000 Smoking Related Deaths,” to support another claim. If I am not mistaken, the article is from 1998, which for Miller was just 9 years ago before he wrote his paper. Although the article does what an article is supposed to do, it makes me thoughtful of whether it should or should not be considered relevant since it’s too old now. Clearly there are newer articles with stronger points and more credible studies covering the topic of smoking. Share this:

The suggestion Boyd makes of equipping young people with critical digital literacy skills is definitely something to consider. It is something that they must learn from a young age to know; to have the skill to ask questions about the construction and dissemination of particular media artifacts (181). This would give them the chance to ask questions, wonder about something that appeals to their interests.

btained by social media (186). Hence we all get different results even if we are trying to find the same thing. These along with what she said about Wikipedia are the ones that kept my gears thinking as I was reading.

It’s Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens, I feel compelled to say that the section where she discusses Google and Wikipedia was really unexpected. In high school I would hear teachers say many times, too many times “If they see you using Wikipedia in college, they’ll laugh at you.” Perhaps not with the mock tone, but what they were trying to convey through those words was still the same. Reading Boyd pretty much opened my eyes and illuminated me with a better sense of what Google is and how it differs from Wikipedia. The studies Boyd mentions are really interesting and also relatable. I really like how she was able to change my perspective on Wikipedia, now I understand that Wikipedia is a work in progress that changes over time as new knowledge and material is introduced (Boyd, 191).

Indeed, Roberts-Miller lays out the features of demagoguery in her Denver talk, “Rhetoric and Demagoguery” and article, “Characteristics of Demagoguery,” paying more attention to the inaccuracies of how it has historically been defined in the first. Specific features of demagoguery Roberts-Miller identifies and discusses can be found in Taste of Country’s YouTube video, “Megan Linsey Kneels After Anthem: Who’s With Her?”

One of the main claims Roberts-Miller asserts in her Denver talk is that people traditionally have failed to deliberate about and settle upon improved policy in times of great dissention, such as when slavery existed (3-5). Instead, people have separated and reduced themselves into two distinct camps: an “ingroup” which they are a part of and an “outgroup” which represents the opposing (and inferior) view (3-5). Instead of debating what should be done about the situation at hand, these groups of people engage in a verbal and/or written fight about their group superiority, and this is the type of rhetoric that demagoguery incorporates (5).

Overall, both Miller and Shieh make frequent use of logos and pathos in their respective articles. However, often the appeals to logic are incomplete or the conclusions derived from them lack logic themselves. Also, the word choice the authors make to appeal to the reader’s emotions actually work to erode their arguments in some instances.

the way Miller presents this statistic is questionable, as it sounds like a generalization that lacks specific crucial details.

She does not mention specifically what she means by this idea of youth constructing their own spaces, but she does allude to the importance and usefulness of having a basic understanding of code to build a website in her anecdote about MySpace’s early days (182). Though I think trying to get all youth to learn some code and build a site via that code might be too idealistic and impractical, I agree with Boyd’s overall idea that youth need to gain more understanding of what goes on behind the scenes of technological systems so they will gain greater power over them

Especially when individuals are young, but throughout their lives, they need to safeguard their information and not share too much of their identity with the world, so that they are not put in harm’s way.

Indeed, in her chapter “Are Today’s Youth Digital Natives?” Boyd makes some claims that people should really pay heed to, such as the claim that algorithms that power search engines contain biases, Wikipedia is valuable for gaining an understanding of how knowledge is established, and labels can have different implications than people intend. Her overarching argument in this text is that the term “digital natives” masks the lack of in-depth digital knowledge teens actually possess, but her solutions for helping teens gain the digital prudence and skills they need are not thorough enough and are thus not helpful.

Are the sources listed? and Does the site end in edu? which help point to more credible sites), though overall, I believe this criteria could have been more thoroughly expanded and focused on in my education.

will note the parts of Boyd’s text I found most intriguing and note what I feel are her most important claims. I will also list some problems Boyd associates with the rhetoric of “digital natives” and assess her solutions, evaluate her suggestions for helping youth become digitally literate, and discuss whether she leaves out anything important.

(“Sundiata: Two Versions” 449). This phrase incorporates repetition of the short “i” sound in “Tis” and “thickener,” repetition of the “th” sound in “the” and “thickener,” and repetition of the “gr” in “grown” and “grave

Sundiata is additive, aggregative, repetitive, and overall rather formulaic. Such features ultimately help carve out a rhythm within the story. This rhythm imprints the story into the griot’s memory and allows him to continuously repeat it over time and pass it on to members of the culture and other storytellers.  

This shows that this source is not credible because it is basically just a marketplace for opinions. I thought this was funny because just looking up one statistic can completely irradiate the reliability of this op-ed. If I looked up quotes and saw “.org” or “.edu” I would believe his statements much more because these are credible sources. This is just another example of how “Fake News” is actually everywhere and that people don’t always research what they are posting when posting it publically.

I think overall the strength of Millers’ op-ed is that he is very passionate and uses language to build up and rile up the reader. He uses “facts” all throughout the essay to encourage his point, as any persuasive writer would do. However, I think he lacks the basic knowledge that smoking is in fact bad for you. He instead highlights that smoking isn’t “as bad” for you as other things like low-exercise and a bad diet. I think had he gone for a more compromise approach his argument would have been more effective.

think teaching people the importance of “fake news” and spreading it is an essential item we should focus on. I can’t count how many times I log onto Facebook and see someone share a link that is false. Whether its spreading misinformation about someone or something,

was adding music and creating pop—ups on my page, which is crazy to think about now. These days no kids are really learning about anything on technology besides social media.

To me, the most critical claim that was made was, “teens will not become critical contributors to this ecosystem simply because they were born in an age when these technologies were pervasive,”. In order for teens to have a high media literacy they need to learn the ways. Nobody is born just knowing things, and media and online literacy is included in this. I agree with Boyd when she makes suggestions about making digital literacy skills more attainable. In our day and age it is very important that we stay up to date with technology as the future generations are the ones that will continue to grow and expand.

When I was growing up all throughout middle school and high school we were told to never trust “Wikipedia” and such. I find it comedic though that it was said to trust google always. Google is just simply a search engine, and you can find false information all throughout it.

Alike Ong, I think both versions communicate their point in understanding and intellectual manners. I believe for myself personally, that Johnsons version would be more beneficial for myself because I find it easier to comprehend and recall the information in that sort of format. I also think that I can relate better to this type of writing because I am use to writing how I speak. Therefore I am able to understand others better when its written in more of a vocal climate than the other. Neither culture is considered better than one another, just more or less a different way of learning and communication

One of the most interesting parts of the text that I found was the comparison of Rhetoric and Community. Its not a common thought of mine that rhetoric builds communities and that a lack there of can be devastating to a community. I think this is very applicable in the world right now, where everyone is throwing there opinions on the internet and instead of having an intellectual debate using rhetoric, people are choosing to make a division. This division is caused by rhetoric of each other and the lack of understanding and willingness to try and see the other side. I found this concept very interesting and applicable in our lives currently.

somethings can relate with. I am big on Instagram and Facebook when it comes to sharing photos and achievements with my family and friends. I have come to realize that it is an easy platform to share photos and information on, whilst reaching almost all the friends and family I need to! I use twitter to stay updated with breaking news happening around the world. From this class I’m mostly excited to see how advertisements, social media sites, blogs, images and media influence my life. I am really excited for a great semester!

ahead and read the comment section on Chris Matthew’s report on infowars.  I looked for comments that could relate to Miller’s key points that she discussed in her article. It was fairly easy to recognize Miller’s points while reading the comments since most are liberal or conservative views. In many of the comments the “in” group of referred to as the republicans, they are

However, Miller’s weakness is that his argument would be much more valid if he used pathos, or emotional appeal, so the reader would feel a sense of connection with this topic,

This just goes to show how important it is to look up resources and question credibility of articles found on the internet.

ne’s value whether they smoke cigarettes or not. I thought his article was very strong in arguments and properly used rhetorical strategies to convince the reader to believe his opinion. I do not think he had any weaknesses in his a

ut it.

Although I think Boyd made an incredible argument, I think she could have mentioned more general benefits of the internet age and how it is positively affecting both youth and adults. She could have compared learning and living in both this youth, and the times when adults now were young. It would have been interesting to compare the use of rhetoric between the two. Although I would have liked to read that, I did not think that Boyd left anything else out. she did a great job in explaining her argument and teaching about the new internet and digital ag

digital rhetoric in different emerging technologies. It blurs the lines of people who may not have access to certain technologies and people who have different levels of learning and understanding. This rhetoric just reinforces inequalities at a digital and technologica

ortant to understand the nature of websites such as these two and understand true credibility in order to be successful in understanding rhetoric and the internet, and often youth do not do that.

Another important claim that Boyd makes is comparing wikipedia to google, although very different websites.

He mentions it is important to understand that both youth and adults have much to learn. There is no relationship between age and skill.

He

They are confused and feel like they do not understand the new generation and what our live’s are centered around. Like a new world that they are new too. I found this term interesting because it made me consider ho

quality and contains a lot of expression, it does not compare to the other writer’s prose

He argues that although people may be writing more, the quality of writing may not be better when compared to before the age of the internet

This post is only one example of the common dogmatic nature of anonymous message boards. It is not about being conservative, liberal, democratic, republican or anywhere in between. Using demagoguery as a way to bully people into your viewpoint leaves no one more intelligent about the situation. In fact, the closed mindedness is a way to stifle the overall intelligence of the article in question. Relegating us back to screaming and throwing tantrums to get our way.

I used this list as a lens to view the arguments of 4chan.org/pol/ otherwise known as politically incorrect.

Man is least himself when he talks in his own person. Give him a mask, and he will tell you the truth.”

er than he should be able to smoke because he didn’t learn it’s bad young enough.

nformation by a man on campus with a sign, giving me statistics with a slightly raised voice and little facts to back up his claims. Miller used sources vaguely like, ‘A study in the British Medical Journal reports…’, or, ‘renowned Cato Institute, a lib

el bad that he comes from a country where they don’t know that smoking is harmful.

ouraged to learn C++ or Latex as a coding module. I do not think this extreme measure is needed for the average student, but I was surprised to see that nowhere is a digiatal literacy course required at SDSU. By the time I graduated, I could know an almost dead programming software front and back, but never learn Microsoft Office. It seems that a fundamental learning objective is put on the back-burner of colleges, much like learning taxes in high school was.

end for themselves in terms of how they receive information. Further amplifying the idea that the way we learn new concepts is through practice.

The younger generation is more apt to use tools to further their informational reach than the adults that solely trust an encyclopedia for all their information

oyd’s text mentions the creativity and progression of MySpace. Growing up during the time that MySpace started, I remember the progression of my friend’s pages. They started small, adding a music player or collage. Soon the pages were out of control with streamers, auto playing videos and 3 dimensional pictures on a website that was made to load on NetZero’s internet bandwidth. T

fend for themselves in terms of how they receive information. Further amplifying the idea that the way we learn new concepts is through practice.

he younger generation is more apt to use tools to further their informational reach than the adults that solely trust an encyclopedia for all their information.

Boyd’s text mentions the creativity and progression of MySpace. Growing up during the time that MySpace started, I remember the progression of my friend’s pages. They started small, adding a music player or collage. Soon the pages were out of control with streamers, auto playing videos and 3 dimensional pictures on a website that was made to load on NetZero’s internet bandwidth.

Walter Ong writes about the sounded word being of power and action. The nine different methods talked about can be summarized as: aggregative rather than analytic, redundant or ‘copious’, conservative or traditionalist, close to human lifeworld, agonistically toned, empathetic and participatory rather than objectively distant, and situational rather than abstract. These characteristics can contrast the two versions of the same story both written and orally reproduced.

king’s palace, the second versions food, culture and names can be interchanged to fit other regions in their narrative. By painting a picture of the story so well, we are not able see outside of the situation that is currently in front of us.

The fact that most of the lines are dialog between two or more people further emphasizes the empathy that we as an audience are meant to feel

he first version, a work by D. T. Niane describes the tale in written form to be read by their audience. The second version is transcribed to text by John William Johnson as a spoken, call and response story told verbally to an audience.

hustle of the city life. Generally, I don’t have a lot of free time between work, school, and family but I do enjoy watching movies or playing video games with friends. I do not particularly like social media and rarely find it a good idea to post your location or personal information online for free. I hope to learn more about critical thinking and logic in writing, even though I do not normally blog.

uring the primary race for South Carolina Trump said, “My opponents lie …Especially Cruz. He’s the single biggest liar I’ve ever seen.”  He continued to effectively trademarked the name “Lying Ted Cruz” doing significant damage to Cruz’s election chances.

There is often an incredible amount of animosity between republicans and democrats and this is divide expands with demagogic rhetoric.

iller describes demagoguery as, “is polarizing propaganda that motivates members of an in-group to hate and scapegoat some outgroup(s), largely by promising certainty, stability, and … “and escape from freedom.”

While I could not find a source to confirm or deny the statistics Shieh gave on second hand smoke, many sources adamantly deny his claim that second hand smoke is harmless.  However the majority of sources posting about the dangers of second hand smoke are special interest groups like the ones Miller talked about, so it is important to acknowledge their bias, and take their warnings with a grain of salt

  While I whole-heartedly agree that these skills are necessary to become a fully involved citizen, Boyd does little to teach these skill.  Boyd focuses on why digital literacy is crucial to our new society, but it would be helpful for her to give ways to learn, or teach these skills.

She argues that mere internet access may allow you to participate, but without a certain level of technical acumen, you will not be able to be a fully engaged citizen.  The other main skill Boyd promotes is the ability to differentiate between good and bad sources of information.

She compares the need for media literacy today to that of post-WWI Britain, and the United States in the 60’s. 

The ability to use technology to find information can only get you so far if you don’t understand where or who the information is coming from.

By telling students what sources to use or not use, you remove the need for a student to analyze a writing, and the biases and motives that may have influenced the data within it.  Students should learn that sources coming from the most popular sites may hold extreme biases and may not be reliable even if they are the first result you can find doing a basic search.

He

The phrase digital literacy describes a person’s ability to seek out information, and weed out information that may be either irrelevant or inaccurate. 

digital literacy is to break down the term, “digital natives”, and the connotations the phrase has

Ong’s claims coincide with the claims of Young and Sullivan in that they both acknowledge that memory is the limiting factor of spoken word.

You can also see that the spoken word is much more concise than the written story.  The written version gives much more background to the story, and includes much more detail in the young king’s activities.  This is because when speaking the audience can only retain so much in their memories.  It is important for spoken word to minimize superfluous details, so that the audience can focus on relevant points.   The written text allows for in depth descriptions of settings and characters because the reader is able to go back and re-read anything they did not retain.

This supports Ong’s viewpoint that oral rhetoric holds more gravity than written word.

this kind of redundancy isn’t used solely to make the audience remember the words.  This repetition adds an increased sense of drama and accomplishment when Sundiata finally is able to stand on his final attempt.  While this kind of repetition would seem cumbersome in standard writing, this style would not seem so out of place in spoken word.  This supports Ong’s viewpoint that oral rhetoric holds more gravity than written word.

Ong’s claims coincide with the claims of Young and Sullivan in that they both acknowledge that memory is the limiting factor of spoken word.

My name is Ian Lubliner, but a since i can remember most people call me Lub.  I’m studying to receive IS3d focused on Kinesiology, and plan on graduating next may.  I grew up in San Jose CA, and am a diehard bay area sports fan.   When i was eight years old i picked up the two hobbies i have stuck with ever since.  I my  got my first drum set for my 8th birthday and had a passion for rocking out ever since.  The same year i picked up a lacrosse stick for the first time, which has consumed most of my free time for the last 14 years.  I rarely write for my own sake, but believe literacy is as important as ever with the limitless stream of information available which brings me to digital rhetoric.

at was backed up with another opinion rather than a fact that would help strengthen their argument. Although, Shieh has some strong ideas an arguments it wasn’t enough for the reader to be persuaded. As far as the sources Shieh could have used more in order to reply to counter-arguments.

He should include who the authors are in order for the readers to know why we should accept that the information they are providing holds truth.

To popular belief caused by government researchers as well as drug free campaigns, people who inhale smoke in the air from other smokers is in danger.

I also agree that these skills should be taught to young people because it sets the next generations up in becoming better digital writers.

It is important to not only evaluate your own digital writing, but the creations of others online. It is important to analyze and figure out accuracies, assumptions, as well as biases that may hold truth. Speaking of truth, because the Internet and media can be available to anyone, people are able to also provide the public with untrue facts.

This would help me be informed on how to critically analyze the information I look up and use.

Boyd puts it, “sophisticated internet participants.” Social media shouldn’t be their only outlet to media literacy. Skills and active learning are needed to develop this digital age, which would help better engagement and technical skills that will cultivate the technological advanced world we have shifted towards.

For example, teens may have the access to computers funded by schools, but the time spent associated may not make them skillful at navigating technological tools. She claims that the “unevenness of skills, literacy, and socially meaningful access” contribute to the raised concern of the “technology advanced” generation.

Boyd also claims that there is digital inequality and that digital natives mask the notion that there aren’t different degrees of access and skills alongside emerging technologies experienced by different youth.

n particular, as I read this topic, it felt completely relatable to my views and values on credible search engines. My teachers throughout middle school and high school had also advised students that Wikipedia wasn’t a reputable source to use. I agree with her claims that teens have been in the habit of not fully utilizing these types of technological tools.

Writing is able to give us structure in the way we communicate effectively and helps jot down thoughts and messages that we want to send to others.

Writing has become “dispensable” in a sense that we are shifting into the electronic age where newspapers and books are being replaced by television and radio. The way we communicate has definitely changed over the years, where it has become more accessible and convenient for society. The attack of writing argues that these shifts in today’s society has put some type of devalue in rhetoric.

Why Write? A Consideration they argue that writing is usually attacked because it can induce forgetfulness and doesn’t stimulate practice their memory.

The “Sundiata” text illustrates the oral culture and it’s qualities that solidify Ong’s statements. The text consists of two versions of a story that are orally composed. Throughout the text, you can clearly see where emotion or expression is exemplified. As Ong mentions, this type of writing is able to emphasize meaning for the readers and helps them follow what the story is trying to effectively convey.

Oral culture and expression in writing gives more meaning and helps aid readers to distinguish important information from the context.

Ong begins with explaining orality qualities and suggests that these words are power-driven. It is compared to typographic writing and writers who focus more on names and labels.

ng also explains and compares how orality and literacy can be linked through oral cultures and chirography.

To further the understanding of the impact of the oral culture Ong states that within oral cultures you only know what you can “recall” where as in literate cultures you know what you can look up

subtle than the main idea that is presented as the representation of the group. As he discussed slavery there were many thoughts on the matter that were “rounded up”

his uses emotion, not logic to appeal to people, especially those who may be under informed on the real issues or those on the fence.

They just scapegoat the other group, whoever they may be

This also goes along with Miller’s idea that there is often not a demagogue, rather a set of opposing viewpoints.

he concept, as it is explained in the articles is now clearer than ever to me all over American rhetoric.

Both arguments use a lot of emotional appeal  to try and connect with people outside of those who would immediately agree with them.  The “Smoker’s Plea” article uses logic by citing article as well.  As with most articles of this nature, though they claim to be unbiased there is always a bias towards the authors point of view.  He cites older sources of information about smoking that may be out of date with current medical and research technology.  Also no counter articles are presents.  For instance anti-smoking articles that he might be able to find fault with.  The author only uses reports that directly go along with exactly his point of view.

 (AJ Willingham and Saeed Ahmed, 2017).

While, that was just one comment in particular that stood out to me, there were a lot more (761 total comments) that employed similar tactics and resorted to language identical to nomark’s. This plethora of demagogic remarks emphasizes another point made by Roberts-Miller (which is seen in connection to the notion of an “in-group,”) and that is this goal of homogeneity (8). Without the support of other like-minded people, their argument seems weak and becomes less credible. Part of their persuasion in focusing in on homogeneity is the idea that having a lot of supporters who believe the same thing, must mean their argument is logical. This is not always the case. Just because someone has a lot of supporters doesn’t necessarily mean they are supporting the right choice.

understand their reasoning.

dmit they have a motive and if they are to admit it, their motive is often “something admirable or at least complicated”

She notes that even though demagogic arguments aren’t fully logical sometimes, they rely heavily on motivism, “the assertion that people don’t really have reasons for what they do, but they are motivated by something els

Additionally, he cleverly titled his article in a way that depicts this issue as a community and campus problem since it’s limiting “on-campus diversity.” Thus, he is building his credibility.

This claim appeals to his audience and is very persuasive because it utilizes logos effectively

that the individual smokes their cigarette outside by themselves or with other individuals in the household who may smoke thus, they don’t actually expose their spouses to the cigarette smoke

Overall, I think Boyd does an excellent job summarizing the skills necessary that encompass critical digital literacy.

“pick up the language of technology the way they pick up a linguistic tongue (178).

. I believe these are useful skills for everyone in our society to have especially considering the overwhelming amount of false information and manipulative rhetoric that exists within media

There becomes a shift in mindset when you embrace the digital natives’ rhetoric which presumes that digital knowledge will just develop on its own over time, which Boyd states is most certainly not the case. Rather, she suggests that we should focus on empowering our youth and adults to be sophisticated and responsible internet participants.

Which means, they too are partly responsible for their limited knowledge and place in the digital divide.

at is, diverse levels of skills have developed and this variation in skills is “linked in part to differences in access to computers” (195).

generalization is flawed because true digital natives are those with critical media literacy and technical skills.

a teen who uses a library computer with filtered access for an hour a day has a very different experience with the internet than one who has a smartphone, laptop, and unrestricted connectivity” (194

An interesting observation I noticed within the two versions of the Sundiata text is that certain aspects of the story changed. For instance, characters names were different, the type of tree the mother requested changes, and details about how the main character receives the tree are also adjusted.

cultures might view this “formulary baggage” as perplexing or confusing, oral cultures view them as meaningful messages that should not be altered for once a “formulary expression has crystallized, it had best be kept intact” (34). Ong elaborates further and explains that these oral cultures focus on repetition to engrain information but also to establish a “highly traditionalist or conservative set of mind” (35). This is because they believe that knowledge is hard to come by and precious. As such, they believe only a select few should specialize in conserving it.

Niane’s version clearly highlights the focus on syntax while Johnson’s recount is much more pragmatic and formulaic.

forms of rhythmic sounds that make retaining information easy and physiologically possible.

.

The first notion Ong discusses is the process of recalling something, whether it be an object, formula, or event, he claims is only possible through the utilization of mnemonic patterns.

Sundiata: Two Versions of an Oral Tale, by D.T. Niane and John William Johnson.

Repetition in orally culture is indeed important, Ong mentions “Not everyone in a large audience understands every word a speaker utters, if only because of acoustical problems. It is advantageous for the speakers to say the same thing, or equivalently the same thing, two or three times” (Ong, 34). As it is stated at the beginning of the Sundiata text, Niate’s version is meant to be read as a story whereas Johnson’s is meant to be performed.

In Niane’s version, the woman says, “Look you, I have a calabash full. Help yourself, you poor woman. As for me, my son knew how to walk at seven and it was he who went and picked these baobab leaves” (445).

He also mentions that much more work and reflection is needed to deepen understanding of orally based thought (Ong, 32). After reading the Niane version of the story, I found myself struggling with the one written by Johnson.

We as students when we attempt to explain something to another student we tend to make sure that what we are about to tell him/her is true, which leads us to check twice before actually writing or saying anything.

Later on he mentions that when we are trying to communicate some sort of information to someone else, we begin to think more precisely; thus learning more (50). He also mentions that public thinking works best in situations where people are not worried about “owning” ideas (63).

One of them being the one where he claims that Literacy in North America has always focused more in reading than writing. He claims that producing is as important as consuming (50).

I am Sergio Zavala and I am a Rhetoric and Writing studies major in San Diego State University.  Writing is, of course, the one hobby I enjoy doing the most, especially creative writing. I have written a few short stories by using the creative writing method Flash fiction, which is a fun and not that hard to learn method to use. I am interested in publishing my first fictional novel; I only have around 12,000 more words to write. Then I guess I will keep writing and see what else I can get out of my head.

I am Sergio Zavala and I am a Rhetoric and Writing studies major in San Diego State University.  Writing is, of course, the one hobby I enjoy doing the most, especially creative writing. I have written a few short stories by using the creative writing method Flash fiction, which is a fun and not that hard to learn method to use. I am interested in publishing my first fictional novel; I only have around 12,000 more words to write. Then I guess I will keep writing and see what else I can get out of my head.

you understand the context.  You get to see this in both texts in the Niane text it is when they say “take my bow” three times as well when they are saying what a beautiful day it is. The Johnson text has a more blatant examples of this having the first two paragraphs end in with the same exact line.

mnemonics form the substance of thought itself.

. I remember growing up with my mom and dad telling me stories of how they use to write in journals

are surrounded by words and sentences on a daily basis with social media and the internet, we still struggle to even construct sentences correctly.

In the article, “Public Thinking”, Thompson argues that with the emergence of technology, like the internet that people are now writing more than they have before.With us being in the social media age, we have become more connected and engaged in communicating with others on a daily. This is not solely through just talking like previously done. This communicating is often done in a fast paced manner mainly digitally.

So now, I’m going to talk about why we are here and that’s writing. I don’t really have much experience writing out side of school work because i have never seen the need to up until this point. I do use social media a little bit but only when i have nothing else to do. I would say i use Facebook the most but mainly to share pictures i think are funny, like i have not posted a picture of myself in I would say a year. I just haven’t seen i need to. What i really hope to get out of this class is I hope to be able to understand why people chose the rhetoric  they do in terms of technology. I also want to know want to know the different types of rhetoric creators use as well. Enough, about me I’m ready to get this semester going and can’t wait to get to know each of you through your

So now, I’m going to talk about why we are here and that’s writing. I don’t really have much experience writing out side of school work because i have never seen the need to up until this point. I do use social media a little bit but only when i have nothing else to do. I would say i use Facebook the most but mainly to share pictures i think are funny, like i have not posted a picture of myself in I would say a year. I just haven’t seen i need to. What i really hope to get out of this class is I hope to be able to understand why people chose the rhetoric  they do in terms of technology. I also want to know want to know the different types of rhetoric creators use as well. Enough, about me I’m ready to get this semester going and can’t wait to get to know each of you through your writings.

ommunities should extend farther than just your individual geographical entity, unpacking how rhetoric plays a part of widening one’s sense of community is of particular interest to me.

To conclude, the part of rhetoric that I look forward to learning more about is something that both Herrick and Thompson touched on, and that is rhetoric’s ability to build a sense of community.

Thompsons rebuts by crediting Andrea Lunsford’s research. Lunsford, an English Professor at Stanford University, found that “error rate has barely risen at all” (66

To support this claim, Thompson utilizes logos by directing his readers to the studies that examined such theory, like the 2008 published study by Vanderbilt University (55). This study involved showing small children patterns of colored bugs and asked them to predict which would be next in the sequence. Some of the children were asked to perform silently, while a second group asked the children to explain their thought process into a tape recorder, and a third group tasked the children with explaining their process to an audience—their mothers. The results showed that the children who solved the puzzles silently did worst of all while the children who performed in front of an audience did best because it allowed the children to clarify their process more than if they were to just speak aloud—like the children who used the tape recorders.