Remember that speakers have ethical obligations to the audience and should take the opportunity to speak seriously.
The author said that "good persuasive speech topics are current, controversial, and have important implications for society." If you build off of those guidelines, ethics are the foundation of your argument in terms of persuasive speaking. You need to convince the audience that you have basis and/or authority to make your argument, and you need to show that you care.
The warrant is the underlying justification that connects the claim and the evidence.
I write very often, so I'm familiar with this concept, but I've never heard it referred to as the "warrant." I'd like to get more in depth with this in terms of giving a speech and making everything flow structurally.
The warrant is the underlying justification that connects the claim and the evidence.
I never really considered there's more than two points to an argument. The warrant is something I'd like to dive into, as I supposed someone could, in an argument, attack either the other sides argument or the warrant of their argument with the same steps.
Most people won’t be bored by a brief review, but many people become lost and give up listening if they can’t connect to the information right away or feel it’s over their heads.
This is why structure is important in a speech. If you just spew facts at your audience, they're not going to retain your information. One thing that I try to remember when giving speeches is that it's usually better to simplify things rather than cram words in. If you're short on time, play with your flow and add necessary descriptions to fill in the gaps.
Having sharp research skills is a fundamental part of being a good informative speaker.
I feel as though I have good research skills, as I remain unfettered by bias in my research in a large capacity. Of course, I'm not truly unbiased; everyone has their own implicit bias. I try to stay neutral and play devil's advocate, so avoiding explicit bias comes naturally to me.
even fields like science and medicine relied on argumentative reasoning instead of factual claims.
The differences from back before the 1800s is interesting to consider. How would I have fared if argumentative topics was still the main way to educate? how would the internet have affected this? maybe people would put more weight on internet arguments.
The very high pH required to remove the last acidic proton from arginine reflects the exceptionally high basicity of the guanidine moiety at the end of the side chain.
Moiety: part of a molecule - a substructure. Can include a functional group (so basically the R side chain). The amino acid side chain has a particularly high pH.
nfortunately, charisma is difficult to intentionally develop, and some people seem to have a naturally charismatic personality, while others do not. Even though everyone can’t embody the charismatic aspect of dynamism, the other component of dynamism, energy, is something that everyone can tap into.
As someone who has grown up introverted and isolated, charisma does not come naturally to me, but I have learned to practice it and grow it within me. I wonder if people can notice someone who is naturally outspoken and charismatic, versus someone who has had to develop their sense of self-esteem and socialization.
Inductive reasoning reaches conclusions through the citation of examples and is the most frequently used form of logical reasoning (Walter, 1966).
I am also learning this in the statistics section of my math-123 class. Inductive reasoning starts as a general assumption, then gradually becomes more precise. I, personally, fall more into applying deductive reasoning, as I like to know the reason for a process more than understanding the process itself, also known as top-down reasoning.
1963 by activists who had trained with the Black Panther Party and SNCC (Rojas, 2010). The organization supported the small minority of Black students at SFSC at the time and sought to increase enrollment
amazing. Local grass roots training and education which politicized them to pressure for institutional changes
1954 in the Brown v. Board of Education
the cases before ( almost 66 yrs plus) helped bolster the Brwn vs. boe case. These fights and cases functioned as precedents to this larger case and helped passed this case.
Instead, you need to adequately support your claim by finding
These are a great tips that I will use.
(2022, April 30). 7.8: Northern Europe in the 15th century- Northern Renaissance. Libretexts. https://human.libretexts.org/@go/page/147798.
“It is used by art historians loosely to refer to artistic production in Flemish speaking towns—particularly Bruges, Ghent, Brussels and Tournai.”
Being cute can have important survival benefits for a baby
qt parin nmn ako
“I’ve got out at last,”
She has surrender, gave up on life
There’s sister on the stairs!
Putting the two together seem compatible.
they suddenly commit suicide
Had she once considered?
secure ancestral halls for the summer.
Right away she felt apart of the hall. A connection
Nonverbal communication helps maintain relationships once they have moved beyond the initial stages by helping us communicate emotions and seek and provide social and emotional support.
I'm a very expressive and emotive person, so whatever I'm feeling will be written on me through my eyes and body language. If I'm feeling overwhelmed by responsibilities, I kind of curl up and. My eyes get droopy and might show concern. When I'm happy to see someone, they'll know and pick up on it right away. My eyes really brighten. I also try to hold eye contact just a small bit longer around people I'm comfortable with so that they can pick up that I feel that way.
Nonverbal communication helps maintain relationships once they have moved beyond the initial stages by helping us communicate emotions and seek and provide social and emotional support.
I used to struggle with depression, and I exhibited a lot of nonverbal communication that would tell others I was depressed. Things like slumped posture, low eyes, and twiddling thumbs would often key others to my lowered sense of self. I got over my depression but some of those nonverbal cues still linger with me.
Nonverbal cues account for much of the content from which we form initial impressions, so it’s important to know that people make judgments about our identities and skills after only brief exposure. Our competence regarding and awareness of nonverbal communication can help determine how an interaction will proceed and, in fact, whether it will take place at all.
Nonverbal cues are the first thing I look for when I meet people. They determine how approachable I think a person is. For example, I'd generally feel more comfortable around someone who makes good eye contact and has open body language. If I can see someone's relatively comfortable around me, that helps me feel more comfortable around them. When someone blends good eye contact and open body language with good verbal communication and understanding, and I'll feel like I can become close to them.
As is stressed in the chapter titled “Communication and Perception”, first impressions matter.
I find that, for some people, it is easy to tell their motives and character based off of these first impressions. For example, there's the obvious messaging of if you offer to shake someone's hand and they refuse, but what if they play under the guise of not noticing it? Then things get harder to tell, but I find that sometimes the outcome of a relationship is often predicted very early on.
Promptness and the amount of time that is socially acceptable for lateness and waiting varies among individuals and contexts.
Most of my communication takes place via text or some other form of messaging. I don't really concern myself with someone's promptness too much when they're conversing with me. If I feel like I'm not going to be as prompt, I usually try to communicate that. But it's more important that I can see someone being invested in me and in conversation then how quickly they are to respond.
Eye contact serves several communicative functions ranging from regulating interaction to monitoring interaction, to conveying information, to establishing interpersonal connections.
I am terrible at eye contact. I often am unable to look at a person in the eyes for a whole conversation, but I believe its because I don't have a ton of social experience with it or because I'm distracted, not because of any discomfort. I have, however, heard that most people don't maintain eye contact in general, so its nice to know that I'm not the only one.
The involuntary nature of much nonverbal communication makes it more difficult to control or “fake.”
I think that nonverbal communication often says more than words. I'm not the best with words, so I often try to resort to more nonverbal cues, especially when I try to express things to friends and family. In my opinion, nonverbal communication is the best way to get a sense of how honest and genuine someone is. It's hard to hide your true feelings on your face. You'll probably have a look on your face as much as you try to hide it. A great example is when someone makes you blush.
As we learned earlier, we often perceive nonverbal communication to be more credible than verbal communication.
I feel as though maybe this may be inaccurate in some ways. A lot of people with autism struggle to pick up on nonverbal communication, and while the majority of the population might not struggle with these nonverbal cues, a growing part of the population will struggle with nonverbal cues and how to communicate nonverbally.
Poker players, therapists, police officers, doctors, teachers, and actors are also in professions that often require them to have more awareness of and control over their nonverbal communication.
I often struggle to convey anything other than a resting neutral face, and I've been told that I'd be an excellent poker player because I give no cues and am very monotone in my emotional expressions. I hope to work on this with my public speaking, and to learn how to shape my face so that I give off more emotions.
You’ve probably heard that more meaning is generated from nonverbal communication than from verbal. Some studies have claimed that 90 percent of our meaning is derived from nonverbal signals, but more recent and reliable findings claim that it is closer to 65 percent
I found this interesting. 90% seems a bit excessive, but I can easily believe that 65% of meaning is derived from nonverbal signals. As humans, we have such a funny balance with our communication. For example, you're in a club and your friend gives motions their head towards as door and with a flick of the eyes, hinting that they want to leave. From the perspective of evolution, it's easy to see how this can be the case. To me, I have an easier time picking up nonverbal signals from friends and family I'm close to, but I've gotten better at recognizing people's more subtle, nonverbal cues.
But if you are in a position to do so, politely ask corporate spokespeople how the tonnage they take credit for recycling fed back into their operations last year, in a specific country, and how it in turn measurably reduced virgin extraction. Be specific. Ask them where and when it led to a reduced material throughput in their company or industry. Query them on the documented, not speculative, environmental protection afforded by, say, making cheap picture frames made out of spent polystyrene packaging. Reject the notion that cheap picture frames are a social good that would have needed to be manufactured with fracked natural gas, had polystyrene recycling not yielded up secondary inputs. In the meantime, sit for a while to contemplate the fact that recycling, as it exists today, does not in fact save ecosystems in a way that matters on the whole ecologically or socially. How would recycling need to be practiced to achieve this desired end? In a different context of extraction, production, and growth – with different politics, knowledge structures, and ideologies. I realize this is an unsatisfying conclusion, but I believe in the importance of critique as a precondition to developing collaborative solutions. I have presented this information as part of a process of thinking through short-, medium- and long-term characteristics of this different context. This is an ongoing project to which I invite responses, as well as empirical contributions that would refine or refute what I have presented here.
use
Your success at work entails more than simply earning money and promotions.
The success you put into your business is the thing that makes the money and promotion come. Success is worth more than money because you get money through the success you put in anything you do within your business.
It establishes the levels of honesty, empathy, trustworthiness, and other virtues that identify your personal behavior and your public reputation.
This is very important to both consumers and business. This is because companies like to use people to show off their brand. If the person promoting the brand doesn’t have a good background people would judge the brand and not buy it. The same thing goes for businesses and their reputation as a brand.
In order to build a business relationship of trust, consumers rely on the reputation and identity a company projects.
This is true because a customer always looks for background of a business to see if the items are worth it or not. A customer will not buy an item if it’s not good let alone if it has a bad meaning behind it. But, some people wouldn’t care about reputation if the product its self if good quality.
hat is meant by the term “90% confident” when constructing a confidence interval for a mean?
We are 90% certain that the sample will fall within the confidence interval
________
100
________
7
________
23.6
Calculate the error bound.
0.27
Sketch the graph.
State the confidence interval.
3.67 < x < 4.21
Explain your choice.
Normal distribution because the sd, sample mean, and sample size is given
What will happen to the error bound obtained if 1,000 male Swedes are surveyed instead of 48? Why?
Error bound will become lesser because the higher the sample size the lower the error bound is.
Calculate the error bound.
0.792
Sketch the graph.
State the confidence interval.
70.208< x < 71.792
________
48
________
71
________
2.8
genies and lecherous sheikhs
Before 1992
Magical
*
historically stereotyped the Middle East to justify exerting
Subject by subject -> Point by point ->
Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium sporogenes
student 2
Mycobacterium smegmatis and Staphylococcus aureus
student 1
The end over the means
Masculine style: finding the solution without considering the process in regards to the people involved and it effects them; process is overlooked insuccess is results.
Feminine style: finding a solution with consideration of how that process affects the people involved; While solution is the goal, process and results is success
five senses
smell. taste, touch, sight, hearing
metaphors and similes.
compare 2 things are the same
You can think of the denotation of a word as its dictionary definition.
which means we need to explain the world.
conversation between two or more people in a movie.
like conversation between them
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the ones that are making the best grades in the course and are more engaged with the class
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ask more questions to the instructor an do more group studies
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take time to ask questions and take your notes and review them.Think about what you learned
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The smart kids because they will know the most.
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I want to improve minimizing distractions. I will put my phone somewhere else while studying.
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Look over your notes and other materials you have.
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I would try and do more study group. I would start by seeing who is doing well and then make a group no larger than four.
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students that are doing well in that course. since they are doing well they have good learning skills.
Dimensional analysis uses conversion factors to change the unit in an amount into an equivalent quantity expressed with a different unit.
How to use demensional analysis and what it tis
The "given" unit in the problem, which will be associated with a number, must be determined. In the example above, the given number is 3.55, and its unit is meters. The "desired" unit, which is the unit that the given quantity should be changed "to" or "into," must be determined. In the example above, the given quantity should be changed to centimeters. Determine which equality or equalities relate the given and desired units. In the simplest dimensional analysis problems, only a single equality is needed. However, more complex problems will require multiple equalities. This step, which can also be referred to as "unit tracking," is generally the most challenging step in the dimensional analysis process. Meters and centimeters can be related by the prefix modifier equality 100 cm=m100 cm=m { \text{100 cm}} = { \text{m}}. Use the appropriate conversion factor derived from this equality to achieve unit cancelation. Remember that the equality given above can be represented as two conversion factors: 100 cmm100 cmm \dfrac{ \text{100 cm}}{\text{m}} and m100 cmm100 cm \dfrac{ \text{m}}{\text{100 cm}} However, only one of these conversion factors will allow for the cancelation of the given unit. Specifically, the unit to be canceled must be written in the denominator of the conversion factor. This will cause the given unit, which appears in a numerator, to be divided by itself, since the same unit appears in the denominator of the conversion factor. Since any quantity that is divided by itself "cancels," orienting the conversation factor in this way results in the elimination of the undesirable unit. Therefore, since the intent of this problem is to eliminate the unit "meters," the conversion factor on the left must be used. 3.55m×100cmm3.55m×100cmm {3.55 \; \cancel{\rm{m}}} \times \dfrac{100 \; \rm{cm}}{\cancel{\rm{m}}} Why does this process work? In the example above, 100 cm equals (1) m, so equivalent quantities appear in both the numerator and the denominator of the fraction, even though those quantities are expressed in different units. Since the quantities in the numerator and denominator are equivalent, this conversion factor effectively divides a value by itself, and the entire process is equivalent to multiplying the given number by 1. Therefore, while the given quantity does not change, the unit does. Perform the calculation that remains once the units have been canceled. The given number should be multiplied by the value in each numerator and then divided by the value in each denominator. When using a calculator, each conversion factor should be entered in parentheses, or the "=" key should be used after each division. In this case, 3.55×100 cm=355 cm3.55×100 cm=355 cm {3.55} \times {\text {100 cm}} = {\text {355 cm}} Note that the unit that remains uncanceled becomes the unit on the calculated quantity. Apply the correct number of significant figures to the calculated quantity. Since the math involved in dimensional analysis is multiplication and division, the number of significant figures in each number being multiplied or divided must be counted, and the answer must be limited to the lesser count of significant figures. Remember that the equalities developed in the previous section are exact values, meaning that they are considered to have infinitely-many significant figures and will never limit the number of significant figures in a calculated answer.
how to use demensional analysis
internalized setting.
showing how a character thinks about the world puts the details in their voice w their judgment and opinions about it
The frame of reference in which the story occurs is known as setting
the main idea
A plot has several main elements: inciting incident, exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and dénouement.
There are 6 main elements
a carbon atom has a total of six electrons it's Lewis symbol has four unpaired electrons
How does a carbon atom have four unpaired electrons if it only has two of them?
sit with open posture and lean in with good eye contact in a relaxed manner
SOLER
𝑦1
missing a prime marking; it's differentiated
ACTING FOR CINEMA
Something interesting that I didn't see mentioned is that in a few action movies some stunt doubles have actually died during filming and made the final cut due to the realism of the scene (obviously).
crane shot
Over the years with new breakthroughs in film we start to see break throughs that make simple but genius techniques like this cheaper and smoother. An example of this is with the use of drones allowing this shot and the helicopter shot to be made easily and with more freedom.
Gilbey, R. (2020, August 31). Eye in the sky: how drone technology is transforming film-making. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/aug/31/how-drone-technology-is-transforming-film-making-french-drama-les-miserables
BLACK & WHITE VERSUS COLOR
I believe a book that everyone into cinematography should watch is "The Giver". This book starts in black and white but does so as part of the story. After the main character gets the knowledge of the color red, he is able to see an apple and seeing the apple in red while the rest of the world is still black and white is an incredible moment.
screen
While CGI has had amazing impact on the screen it has many severe limitations which the video shows a franchise that can show off these limitations very well. The movie that comes to mind first is the original "Jurassic Park", which shows off an incredible demonstration of movie magic with dinosaurs seemingly come to life again. However, for anyone who knows anything about dinosaurs would be able to tell you that velociraptors were significantly smaller than in the movie. While this is helpful to make the dinos more menacing it mainly was used to allow humans in costumes to make the CGI reasonably priced for production.
Because all of this happens so fast, faster than our optic nerves and synaptic responses can perceive
While this may be the point that the illusion of movement is present it also is the bare minimum and most cost effective considering the illusion may just look choppy most especially when compared to the smoothness of 30 fps which is considered by many to be the perfect film fps.
an archetype.
what is an archetype
External conflict occurs when two individuals or groups of individuals clash.
The key word External conflict mean conflict with other characters.
Internal conflict takes place within an individual
The key word Internal conflict there maybe conflicting and inconsistent thoughts
In order to encourage us to continue reading, writers must force us to react in some way to their characters, whether it is to identify, empathise, or sympathise with them
I think this make them more likely to continue reading to see how the characters' journeys unfold. This emotional connection helps to create a memorable and impactful reading experience.
∑
missing an "x" before this summation symbol
Facial expressions can help bring a speech to life when used by a speaker to communicate emotions and demonstrate enthusiasm for the speech. As with vocal variety, we tend to use facial expressions naturally and without conscious effort when engaging in day-to-day conversations. Yet I see many speakers’ expressive faces turn “deadpan” when they stand in front of an audience. Some people naturally have more expressive faces than others—think about the actor Jim Carey’s ability to contort his face as an example.
When you have an animated face, it conveys that you take interest in what you are saying, even if that may not be the case. It also makes it easier to connect with your audience. Jim Carey is a good exaggerated example of this. In a speech, it's easy to get so caught up in what you have to say. How you present yourself is just as important in getting your message across.
Emphatic gestures are the most common hand gestures we use, and they function to emphasize our verbal communication and often relate to the emotions we verbally communicate.
I'd like to do some more studying into this. I know in the military, good speeches, whether for morale or briefings, let the units know that they are confident in what they are saying and speakers accompany this with their body language. Doing so leads a higher mission success rate and boosts morale. However, overusing it can make you look like a clown.
Some people naturally speak faster than others, which is fine, but we can all alter our rate of speaking with practice. If you find that you are a naturally fast speaker, make sure that you do not “speed talk” through your speech when practicing it.
This is something I struggle with. I notice myself speaking too fast and running out of air, so it's something I'd wanna work on. One thing that I think could help is having an outline that lays out places to pause and reflect for a few seconds. If you think you're speaking too fast and running out of air, find a good pausing spot, and tell yourself to focus more on breathing. That will naturally slow you down.
a flat or monotone vocal delivery can be sedating or even annoying.
This is something I will STRUGGLE with. I have talked monotone and dry my entire life, due to a few factors, mainly how I was raised. I've never really been good with pitch or tone, so I'd love to hear if anyone has any suggestions for how I could work on this.
Extemporaneous Delivery
I had never heard of this format for a speech, but I've listened to speeches that use this format. I generally like speeches that use this format better. It seems like a smart strategy long as the speaker practices in moderation. I think it's important to strike a balance between having something to refer to without reading out your speech. The best speeches I've heard use notes as a brief reference point, but aren't read off of a script. As a listener, I find that a speech is easier to understand when the speaker has the ability to play with their speech and reformat it. I think that helps both the speaker and the audience grasp the information.
It is typically the most anxiety-inducing delivery method, since speakers do not have time to prepare or practice the speech. Speakers may get off topic or ramble if they did not set up some structure to guide them.
These are things I typically struggle with. I need to think more clearly about what I will say and plan out my speech while also keeping it dynamic enough to respond to people on the fly. I could also tell them to wait until the end for questions, but I'd also like to learn the former method.
Students sometimes question the power of positive visualization, thinking that it sounds corny.
People can judge it all they want, but positive visualization has been studied. Rather than focusing on, "oh, God, this is scary," you focus on the task itself and doing the best you can. We as people tend to get stuck in our head. We get wrapped up in, "what if." Don't focus on what if. Envision yourself in a positive light, and your results will be more positive because the stress has faded.
Whether CA is a personal trait or not, we all occasionally experience state CA. Think about the jitters you get before a first date, a job interview, or the first day of school. The novelty or uncertainty of some situations is a common trigger for communication anxiety, and public speaking is a situation that is novel and uncertain for many.
When I meet knew people or deliver a speech, I notice myself speaking faster and softer as a result of CA. I think for me, perception plays a big role in how severe my anxiety is. I'll tie this annotation back to chapter 2, because perception and anxiety go hand in hand. I tend to take first impressions with a grain of salt, because I usually don't yet know the person. I don't like to form opinions of someone until I start to get to know them and converse with them. For example, my first impression of someone might be, "woah, they're intimidating," but as I get to know them, that quickly changes. I base my opinions towards people off of their demeanor around me. If someone seems very open and relaxed around me, I'm going to become more open, relaxed, and more comfortable around them in a relatively short time frame.
Imagine yourself going through the process of preparing and practicing a speech, then delivering the speech, then returning to your seat, which concludes the scenario. Aside from this imagined exposure to speaking situations, taking a communication course like this one is a great way to directly engage in systematic desensitization. Almost all my students report that they have less speaking anxiety at the end of a semester than when they started, which is at least partially due to the fact they were forced to engage with speaking more than they would have done if they weren’t taking the class
This makes a lot of sense. I know before I do my speech, I'm going to practice it in front of my family. I know that practice makes perfect, and the more I go through it, both in my head, and out loud it will help tremendously. My fear is that I will forget the things in my speech that aren't written down. I think this communication class is going to help me work on my public speaking, and my confidence as well.
Whether CA is a personal trait or not, we all occasionally experience state CA. Think about the jitters you get before a first date, a job interview, or the first day of school. The novelty or uncertainty of some situations is a common trigger for communication anxiety, and public speaking is a situation that is novel and uncertain for many.
I never knew that CA varied in different aspects of our lives like that. I know that my anxiety acts up at job interviews, public speaking, and if I'm going somewhere alone where I don't other people who will be there. I wonder if that's just my anxiety, or if it's CA.
Some breathing and stretching exercises release endorphins, which are your body’s natural antidote to stress hormones. Deep breathing is a proven way to release endorphins.
I actually already do this when I meditate, which is a habit I need to get back into. Breathing is, in my opinion, one of the best ways to relieve stress. I also like to make hand signs whenever I meditate, and I can recreate these hand signs when I am stressed to bring myself back to a state of calm. It's like remembering a happy memory to cheer yourself up.
The fight or flight instinct helped early humans survive threatening situations. When faced with a ferocious saber-toothed tiger, for example, the body released adrenaline, cortisol, and other hormones that increased heart rate and blood pressure to get more energy to the brain, organs, and muscles in order to respond to the threat. We can be thankful for this evolutionary advantage, but our physiology hasn’t caught up with our new ways of life. Our body doesn’t distinguish between the causes of stressful situations, so facing down an audience releases the same hormones as facing down a wild beast.
When I am just sitting around, often, I will be stressed. I am basically stressed all the time due to a variety of factors, which I will not go into here. But because of this increased stress, I don't get adrenaline responses that much, and if I do, they're very reduced or result in a panic attack. At least now I know why they happen.
making it a good leaving group.
imp
A note of caution
make writing fluent, clear and organized
result
goes back to the begging
contrasting idea
first sentence is negative and second is positive
examples
pet owner spend money on
daunting
fear, intimidated
implications
suggestions
conceptualizing
forming a general idea
trans fatty acid
A fatty acid that has hydrogens attached on opposite sides of the carbon chain.
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library, my room, study room
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people talking and my phone, i can put my phone up and go somewhere quiet
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write down your questions
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preparing, reading, capturing key ideas, and reviewing
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yes it helped with know the material in book. yes some what yes cause i am looking for the right info to put in the notes
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library, quite place study hole
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noises, reading too long, reading in bed. go to library. Take breaks, dont read in bed.
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cornell method
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preparing reading capture the main idea reviewing
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noise enivrement. I would make schedule dates to places that have no noice.
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ask questions and write them down. use the cones method
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1.Preparing 2.Reading 3.Capturing the key ideas 4.Reviewing
bacterial smear, staining all cells
crystal violet
fortune telling
the tendency to anticipate that things will turn out badly, no matter how much practice or rehearsal is done.
overgeneralization
believing that a single event (such as failing at a task) is a universal or “always” event
“all or nothing”
a mindset that if your speech falls short of “perfection” (an unrealistic standard), then you are a failure as a public speaker
glossophobia
…a severe fear of public speaking . People who suffer from glossophobia tend to freeze in front of any audience, even a couple of people. They find their mouth dries up, their voice is weak and their body starts shaking. They may even sweat, go red and feel their heart thumping rapidly. (“Do You Suffer From Glossophobia ?,” 2015)
Oral histories of Irish Catholic immigrants recall signs stating “No Irish Need Apply” in employment offices.
Were these for specific jobs?
When an atom loses an electron it gains a positive charge and is called a cation.
Positive charge
Some atoms can gain additional electrons. When these atoms gain electrons, they acquire a negative charge because they now possess more electrons than protons. Negatively charged ions are called anions. Most nonmetals become anions when they make ionic compounds.
The gaining of electrons
leap from one to the other depends on assumptions
from reason to claim
coupling an exergonic redox reaction to an energy-requiring reaction in the cell
This reminds me of past topics we have discussed in class like using the hydrolysis of ATP as being an exergonic reaction that can be used to transport ions against the gradient and molecular motors being able to take "steps" on the microtubules. The coupling of reactions is a powerful tool to make things go energetically. I like to think about it like the exergonic reaction energetically "pays" for the reaction that's endergonic.
The danger with this situation, according to Fromm, is that when an entire society is suffering from feelings of isolation and disconnection with the natural order (from nature itself, in Fromm’s view), the members of that society may seek connection with a societal structure that destroys their freedom and, thus, integrates their self into the whole (albeit in a dysfunctional way).
Reading this passage reminded me of 2020 and the beginning stages of the outbreak of covid when it was recommended to quarantine.
authoritarianism, or giving oneself up to some authority in order to gain the strength that the individual lacks
In a lot of ways I feel like this is me when I joined the Army. Another military example could be when a judge offers Military or Jail for someone. The judge is more less saying the structure and discipline could change the persons bad ways.
0.00602 g
0.00602 g = 6.02 mg OR 602 mg = 0.602 g
How can science communicators share their messages in a way that leads people to change their beliefs and actions about important science issues, given our natural cognitive biases?
main point
But to insist on only these negative stories is to flatten my experience and to overlook the many other stories that formed me. The single story creates stereotypes, and the problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue, but that they are incomplete. They make one story become the only story
Main point
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The cornell helps to remember and is a better lay out from my notes.
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Ask the instructor if there is another section of the class i can attend. Listen to the lecture online and take notes if they posted it online. Borrow notes from a classmate.
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They are good if you can type fast. You can't easily draw diagrams.
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The Cornell system helps you retain information better. The Cornell method also takes less time.
Self-actualizing people are able to appreciate the wonders, as well as the common aspects, of life again and again. Such feelings may not occur all the time, but they can occur in the most unexpected ways and at unexpected times
My work had us do the Clifton strengths and one of my is context. The strength meant i had a appreciating for history. That was this characteristic remind me of. The down fall is I hold on to the past for to long.
Self-actualizing people have an ability to recognize fakers, those who present a false persona.
would this be hard or easier today with so many false perceptions on social media/influencers?
I have at least one case in which the appropriate cognitive therapy (resuming part-time studies, getting a position that was more intellectually demanding, insight) removed the symptoms.
Then after awhile, the full time job is too much, then they wish they had part time hours.
Most of this initial heat still exists inside the Earth. The Hadean was originally defined as the birth of the planet occurring 4.0 billion years ago and preceding the existence of many rocks and life forms.
It's fascinating how the Hedean still exist in our planet. Just like the Volcanoes and people who live in countries that have a lot of volcanoes erupting near the homes. Some people can't leave where they are because they don't have anywhere nor the resources to move out.
This temperature differentiation resulted in the inner four planets of the solar system becoming rocky, and the outer four planets becoming gas giants.
Temperature is main reason what the planets are made of.
The outermost part of the solar system is known as the Kuiper belt, which is a scattering of rocky and icy bodies.
Is this where a lot of meteors come from?
letters A-P-P-L-E
Letters are also confusing. I mean not anymore because I am a grown man but when I was kid and tried to learn those things oh my god it was so difficult. I hated the fact that there are also like 26 of them.
Any language system has to have rules to make it learnable and usable.
I hate that there are rules to language. I hate rules and I think the English language is complicated as is and rules on top of that just bring it to a 10 instead of a 9.5.
By the end of the first year, babies have learned most of the basic phonetic components necessary for speech.
I think this is crazy to think abput. I never knew that in the first year babies have their phonetic components used for speech. I also think that it's cool to know.
we have quite a bit of room for creativity, play, and resistance with the symbols we use.
I love being able to be creative and be able to be sillyand have the freedomm to do what I want.
Definitions help us narrow the meaning of particular symbols
Definitions are extremely useful and I use them in everyday life. I think it's awesome that if you don't know somethinng or know what somethings means you can just look up the definition. l
we have about a million words in the English language.
WAY TO MANY WORDS. I feel like we have words for everything and while its useful its just like hard to keep track of them. We even have words that like are made up and like slang words. Way to many words.
x˙(t)=∂U∂xζ−2kBT/ζ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾√R(t)
Shouldn't the signs be inverted in rhs?
deaminated
Removal of amino group from a molecule.
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Repeat a phrase, raise or lower their voice, or write related words on the board.
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In the front because it makes the professor think you take the class seriously.
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Get your mind in the right space and sit in the front.
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will repeat phrases. lower or raise voice, write related words on the board.
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front row. you will be more engaged and learn more.
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Tertiary
tertiary enterprising
Secondary
secondary
social
type
artistic
all use a common set of three amino acids in the active site called a catalytic triad
Aspartic acid, serine, histidine
Figure 1.1.21.1.2\PageIndex{2}: Canyons like this, carved in the deposit left by the May 18th, 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens, are sometimes used by purveyors of pseudoscience as evidence for the Earth being very young. In reality, the non-lithified volcanic deposit is carved much more easily than other canyons like the Grand Canyon.
I learned from this canyons existence how powerful volcanos really are and how much volcanos can curve out large Canyan's.
Another way scientists avoid bias is by using quantitative over qualitative measurements whenever possible.
avoiding being bias seems impossible so tactics like this that help limit it is very interesting
1.3: Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures
Precision and Accuracy Guide
The Paleozoic era was dominated by marine organisms, but by the middle of the era, plants and animals had evolved to live and reproduce on land, including amphibians and reptiles.
This is interesting.
These first well-preserved fossils are photosynthetic microbial mats, called stromatolites, found in Australia [41].
This is really interesting.
Because the light wavelengths of receding objects are extended, visible light is shifted toward the red end of the spectrum, called a redshift.
This is something interesting that I didn't know about.
The big-bang theory proposes the universe was formed from an infinitely dense and hot core of the material.
This is the big bang theory
The universe appears to have an infinite number of galaxies and solar systems and our solar system occupies a small section of this vast entirety. The origins of the universe and solar system set the context for conceptualizing the Earth’s origin and early history.
This shows how large the universe is.
In casual conversation, the word theory implies guesswork or speculation. In the language of science, an explanation or conclusion made in a theory carries much more weight because it is supported by experimental verification and widely accepted by the scientific community. After a hypothesis has been repeatedly tested for falsifiability through documented and independent studies, it eventually becomes accepted as a scientific theory.
It's interesting to note how the word "theory" takes on a different meaning in science compared to everyday conversation. In science, a theory is a solid idea backed by evidence, not just a guess.
The theory of evolution by natural selection is another example. Originating from the work of Charles Darwin in the mid-19th century, the theory of evolution has withstood generations of scientific testing for falsifiability. While it has been updated and revised to accommodate knowledge gained by using modern technologies, the theory of evolution continues to be supported by the latest evidence.
Evolution by natural selection is like a never-ending puzzle that scientists are constantly trying to solve. By piecing together evidence from fossils, genetics, and the natural world, we get a clearer picture of how life has evolved over time
Trace fossils are indirect evidence left behind by an organism, such as burrows and footprints, as it lived its life.
Although something might not be in the fossil itself, its traces gives insightful information.
This theory of evolution by natural selection was elaborated by Darwin in his book On the Origin of Species (see Chapter 1) [36]. Since Darwin’s original ideas, technology has provided many tools and mechanisms to study how evolution and speciation take place and this arsenal of tools is growing. Evolution is well beyond the hypothesis stage and is a well-established theory of modern science.
I remember Darwin’s theory was never end believed by the public until many experiments and research was done
Actual preservation is a rare form of fossilization where the original materials or hard parts of the organism are preserved. Preservation of soft-tissue is very rare since these organic materials easily disappear because of bacterial decay [24]. Examples of actual preservation are unaltered biological materials like insects in amber or original minerals like mother-of-pearl on the interior of a shell.
This is very interesting to see how this insect is displayed on this amber crystal
Using this new technology, they could assign specific time units, in this case years, to mineral grains within a rock.
Has this shown to be any accurate?
However, some rock specimens have an enormous number of radioactive isotopes, perhaps trillions of atoms and this large group of radioactive isotopes do have a predictable pattern of radioactive decay. The radioactive decay of half of the radioactive isotopes in this group takes a specific amount of time. The time it takes for half of the atoms in a substance to decay is called the half-life.
How can this be unpredictable and then have enormous of radioactive isotopes
During metamorphic events, zircon crystals may form multiple crystal layers, with each layer recording the isotopic age of an event, thus tracing the progress of the several metamorphic events
I believe that it is very interesting that these crystals form many layers that track back to metamorphic events
Beta Decay is when a neutron in its nucleus splits into an electron and a proton. The electron is emitted from the nucleus as a beta ray. The new proton increases the element’s atomic number by one, forming a new element with the same atomic mass as the parent isotope. For example, 234Th is unstable and undergoes beta decay to form protactinium-234 (234Pa), which also undergoes beta decay to form uranium-234 (234U). Notice these are all isotopes of different elements but they have the same atomic mass of 234.
Beta decay occurs when a neutron splits into a photon plus a proton, producing an element that is new has the same mass as itself but a greater atomic number.
Detrital sedimentary rocks contain clasts from separate parent rocks from unknown locations and derived ages are thus meaningless. However, sedimentary rocks with precipitated minerals, such as evaporites, may contain elements suitable for radioisotopic dating. Igneous pyroclastic layers and lava flows within a sedimentary sequence can be used to date the sequence. Cross-cutting igneous rocks and sills can be used to bracket the ages of affected, older sedimentary rocks.
Date detrital sediments is difficult due to the variety of clasts; nevertheless, strata rocks containing precipitating nutrients, magma layers, and crossovers magma structures provide options for age assessment.
he radioactive decay of any individual atom is a completely unpredictable and random event. However, some rock specimens have an enormous number of radioactive isotopes, perhaps trillions of atoms and this large group of radioactive isotopes do have a predictable pattern of radioactive decay. The radioactive decay of half of the radioactive isotopes in this group takes a specific amount of time.
It emphasizes the inconsistency of each atomic disintegration while emphasizing the stability that develops on larger scales, allowing investigators to use this trait to figure out the age or historical samples.
but were not generally accepted by scholars until the scientific revolution of the 17th and 18th centuries
What was accepted when it came to relative dating?
This is a type of unconformity called a disconformity, where either non-deposition or erosion took place. In other words, layers of rock that could have been present, are absent.
I believe that it is very unlikely to see the absent layers without close attention
Fromm viewed societies as forces that lead to alienation from a more natural, primitive way of life. As a result, freedom and individuality actually create psychological problems, as we become disconnected from our immediate social groups (such as the family or local community). This often leads to unfortunate consequences, such as seeking fellowship within a society at the expense of one’s regard for self and others, providing a framework within which dictatorships can develop (as individuals completely surrender their freedom).
Fromm posits that societal structures cause alienation from natural, simpler lifestyles, negatively impacting individual freedom and identity. This alienation stems from losing connection with close social groups, like families, leading to psychological distress as individuals strive for societal acceptance at personal and communal costs. An example of this is seen in individuals' excessive use of social media to gain approval, often sacrificing genuine relationships and personal well-being. This concept is illustrated in the film "The Social Dilemma," where social media's role in increasing alienation and facilitating manipulative control is explored.
Think about the setting and environment of grocery stores in each culture. Would these differences change the way one interacts with others?
Yes, because each culture grocery store has different items and maybe other cultures have different ways of greeting one another.
What movies or tv shows impacted you as a child? How did they influence your social norms and values?
I watched a show called 13 reasons why and it is a really strong show to watch and it made me realize how someones life can turn upside down. It was important because every person goes through things, that other might not know of and some people don't believe depression a thing but it can affect people.
What are some examples of “hidden curriculum” that you experienced? How did it impact you then and now? Share any books that you read (either assigned or personal choice) that might have influenced any thoughts or ideas that you had as a child or teenager. How did they impact you now and then?
I had played sports my whole life since I was 7. I have always been on a team and have had teammates for about 8 years. We all had to get along to have better chemistry through out the game so we wouldn't have miscommunication. It has impacted my life because I learned to get along with people that I didn't like or never thought I would talk too.
What are your thoughts…. Should parents get the credit when their children turn out to be “good” kids and even go on to accomplish great things in life? Should they get the blame if their children turn out to be “bad”?
I believe that every child/person is going to become who they are going to become. You can be raised with manners and with all the nice stuff but every kid is going to have their own personality. Now if the kid is being good, that is something that the kid is choosing to do even if ititss good or bad.
Some of these microscopic organisms had hard parts, such as exoskeletons or outer shells, making them better candidates for preservation. Foraminifera, single-celled organisms with calcareous shells, are an example of an especially useful index fossil for the Cretaceous Period and Cenozoic Era [37].
I sometimes find it hard to believe that these microscopic organisms are constantly used to determine strata ages due to how small they are of course
Affirmative action is defined as a set of procedures designed to; eliminate unlawful discrimination among applicants, remedy the results of such prior discrimination, and prevent such discrimination in the future
affirmitive action
Affirmative action has been a contentious measure to address equity.
affirmtive action
Studies across the nation show that Black women have higher mortality rates while giving birth, and Black children have higher infant mortality rates. Some of the mortality rates among women tie to the lack of quality healthcare, doctors that have a bias against them as Black women, and more.
this pargargh is about trusting midwives more than health care providers
New Jim Crow (2010) chronicles the great systemic issue of incarceration that disproportionately affects communities of color, especially Black people. Michelle Alexander names statistic after statistic that demonstrates how white youth, for example, are criminalized way less and less harshly compared to Black youth (pp. 95-99). Cocaine is criminalized less than crack, as there are harsher penalties for being caught with crack.
new jim crow laws talks about crack and cocaine
he city was a testament to Black communities’ capacity and a centralized hub of intellectual and financial capital. It became known as Black Wall Street due to its economic, political, and social significance
black wall street
“one drop” rule was applied to mixed-race people, meaning that if you had even one drop of Black blood, that made you legally and socially considered to be Black
one drop rule
Jim Crow era. This was a time when public institutions actively established racial segregation.
jim crow era
d Black Codes, were laws that created restrictions on Black people’s abilities to own property, conduct business, lease land, and move freely through public spaces. These regulations worked to keep separate the established white society from the lives of Black people.
black codes