He was this year detected of buggery (and indicted for ye same) with a mare, a cowe, tow goats, five sheep, 2. calves, and a turkey.

And yet all this could not suppress ye breaking out of sundrie notorious sins, (as this year, besids other, gives us too many sad presidents and instances,) espetially drunkennes and unclainnes; not only incontinencie betweene persons unmaried, for which many both men & women have been punished sharply enough, but some maried persons allso. But that which is worse, even sodomie and bugerie, (things fearfull to name,) have broak forth in this land, oftener then once.

Thomas Granger

as it is with waters when their streames are stopped or dam̅ed up

them thus frying in ye fyer, and ye streams of blood [426]quenching ye same, and horrible was ye stinck & sente ther of; but ye victory seemed a sweete sacrifice,

some hewed to peeces, others rune throw with their rapiers, so as they were quickly dispatchte, and very few escaped. It was conceived they thus destroyed about 400

others rane into their howses, & brought out fire, and sett them on fire, which soone tooke in their matts, &, standing close togeather, with ye wind, all was quickly on a flame, and therby more were burnte to death then was otherwise slain;

It should seeme their desire was to come upon ye enemie sudenly, & undiscovered

revenge was so sweete unto them, as it prevailed above all ye rest; so as they resolved to joyne with ye English against them, & did

for they would not come to open battle with them

as that ye English were stranegers and begane to overspred their countrie, and would deprive them therof in time, if they were suffered to grow & increse; and if ye Narigansets did assist ye English to subdue them, they did but make way for their owne overthrow, for if they were rooted out, the English would soone take occasion to subjugate them

yet nothing was done to him

Ile of Shols

but they were so steeld with drinke as their peeces were to heavie for them;

if they had not been over armed with drinke, more hurt might have been done.

said ye king was dead

So, to be short, they first resolved joyntly to write to him, and in a freindly & neigborly way to admonish him to forbear these courses, & sent a messenger with their letters to bring his answer.

to prevente ye further grouth of this mischeefe, and suppress Morton & his consortes before yey grewe to further head and strength.

they should stand in more fear of their lives & goods (in short time) from this wicked & deboste crue, then from ye salvages them selves.

Oh! that princes & parlements would take some timly order to prevente this mischeefe, and at length to suppress it, by some exemplerie punishmente upon some of these gaine thirstie murderers, (for they deserve no better title,) before their collonies in these parts be over throwne by these barbarous savages, thus armed with their owne weapons, by these evill instruments, and traytors to their neigbors and cuntrie.

when some of their neigbours & freinds are daly killed by ye Indeans, or are in deanger therof, and live but at ye Indeans mercie.

And having thus instructed them, he imployed some of them to hunte & fowle for him

begane ye practise of ye same in these parts;

Bacchinalians

Roman Goddes Flora,

drinking both wine & strong waters in great exsess,

till he could gett passages for England.

Therfore I would [285]advise you to thruste out this Levetenant Fitcher; and I, having a parte in the plantation, will receive you as my partners and consociats; so may you be free from service, and we will converse, trad, plante, & live togeather as equalls, & supporte & protecte one another, or to like effecte.

who had been a kind of petie-fogger, of Furnefells Inne,

pretie parts

Athisme.

Mr. Morton,

every man for his owne perticuler

So they begane to thinke how they might raise as much corne as they could, and obtaine a beter crope then they had done, that they might not still thus languish in miserie

became servants to ye Indeans, and would cutt them woode & fetch them water, for a cap full of corne; others fell to plaine stealing, both night & day, from ye Indeans, of which they greevosly complained. In ye end, they came to that misery, that some starved & dyed with could & hunger

or he yt was their cheef [157]was taxed by some amongst them for keeping Indean women,

being left competently provided when ye ship left them

hat they should set corne every man for his owne perticuler

scarce any left alive besids him selfe.

spetiall instrument sent of God for their good beyond their expectation.

That when ther men came to them, they should leave their bows & arrows behind them.

That if any of his did any hurte to any of theirs, he should send ye offender, that they might punish him.

they brought againe all ye tooles that were stolen away before

sundrie

begane now to deserte one another in this calamitie, saing they would not hasard ther lives for them, t

as in this generall calamity they were not at all infected either with sicknes, or lamnes…

ther was but 6. or 7. sound persons, who, to their great comendations be it spoken, spared no pains, night nor day, but with abundance of toyle and hazard of their owne health, fetched them woode, made them fires, drest them meat, made their beads, washed their lothsome cloaths, cloathed & uncloathed them

that of 100. & odd persons, scarce 50. remained.

But that which was most sadd & lamentable was, that in 2. or 3. moneths time halfe of their company dyed

covenant & combine our selves togeather into a civill body politick, for our better ordering & preservation & furtherance of ye ends aforesaid; and by vertue hearof to enacte, constitute, and frame such just & equall lawes, ordinances, acts, constitutions, & offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meete & convenient for ye generall good of ye Coloni

Northerne parts of Virginia,

Anno

both hungrie, & thirstie, their sowle was overwhelmed in them.

delivered them from ye hand of ye oppressour.

what could they see but a hidious & desolate wildernes, full of wild beasts & willd men?

, and they that know ye winters of yt cuntrie know them to be sharp & violent, & subjecte to cruell & feirce stormes, deangerous to travill to known places, much more to serch an unknown coast.

savage barbarians,

this poore peoples presente condition

Seneca

the which being made & certainly knowne to be it, they were not a litle joyfull.

yet he lived many years after, and became a profitable member both in church & com̅one wealthe.

a lustie

com̅ited them selves to ye will of God, & resolved to proseede.

ther was a great iron scrue ye passengers brought out of Holland, which would raise ye beame into his place; ye which being done, the carpenter & mr. affirmed that with a post put under it, set firme in ye lower deck, & otherways bounde, he would make it sufficiente.

to consider in time of ye danger; and rather to returne then to cast them selves into a [92]desperate & inevitable perill. And truly ther was great distraction & differance of opinion amongst ye mariners them selves

ne of the maine beames in ye midd ships was bowed & craked, which put them in some fear that ye shipe could not be able to performe ye vioage

to smite this yong man with a greeveous disease, of which he dyed in a desperate maner, and so was him selfe ye first yt was throwne overbord

that he hoped to help to cast halfe of them over board before they came to their jurneys en

which was some incouragmente unto them; yet according to ye usuall maner many were afflicted with sea-sicknes.

incouragmente

one shipe

Of their vioage, & how they passed ye sea, and of their safe arrivall at Cape Codd.

Besids, what could they see but a hidious & desolate wildernes, full of wild beasts & willd men?

So they com̅ited them selves to ye will of God, & resolved to proseede

which ye shipe was shroudly shaken, and her upper works made very leakie; and one of the maine beames in ye midd ships was bowed & craked, which put them in some fear that ye shipe could not be able to performe ye vioage. So some of ye cheefe of ye company, perceiveing ye mariners to feare ye suffisiencie of ye shipe

These troubls being blowne over, and now all being compacte togeather in one shipe,[AE] they put to sea againe with a prosperus winde, which continued diverce days togeather, which was some incouragmente unto them;

at least as near as my slender judgmente can attaine the same.

I must begine at ye very roote & rise of ye same.

for it had been a long time since they had done us any considerable damage.

I trusted in divine providence, for I left without a crust of bread or a grain of wheat or maize, and with no other provision

seeing that they were being set afire and that they would be burned to death,

they also were put to flight with little resistance.

some Indians who were in our service with their bows and arrows,

I determined to take the resolution of going out in the morning to fight with the enemy until dying or conquering.

Instantly all the said Indian rebels began a chant of victory and raised war whoops, burning all the houses of the villa, and they kept us in this position the entire night,

suffered greatly from thirst because of the scarcity of water.

but the height of the places in which they were, so favorable to them and on the contrary so unfavorable to us

There they took up their position, and this day passed without our having any further engagements or skirmishes than had already occurred,

there appeared on the road from Tesuque a band of the people whom they were awaiting,

Whereupon he went back, and his people received him with peals of bells and trumpets, giving loud shouts in sign of war.

He came back from thee after a short time, saying that his people asked that all classes of Indians who were in our power be given up to them,

he and the rest of his followers were Catholic Christians,

Thus if we wished to choose the white it must be upon our agreeing to leave the country, and if we chose the red, we must perish

I asked him how it was that he had gone crazy too-being an Indian who spoke our language, was so intelligent, and had lived all his life in the villa among the Spaniards, where I had placed such confidence in him-and was now coming as a leader of the Indian rebels.

I sent some soldiers to summon him and tell him on my behalf that he could come to see me in entire safety, so that I might ascertain from him the purpose for which they were coming.

we might endeavor to defend ourselves against the enemy’s invasions.

such untimely deaths

and that they [the governors] came to tell me of it and of how they were unwilling to participate in such wickedness and treason, saying that they now regarded the Spaniards as their brothers

The first messenger was killed and the others did not pass beyond Santo Domingo, because of their having encountered on the road the certain notice of the deaths of the religious who were in that convent, and of the alcalde mayor, some other guards, and six more Spaniards whom they captured on that road.

To this was added a certain degree of negligence by reason of the report of the uprising not having been given entire credence, as is apparent from the ease with which they captured and killed both those who were escorting some of the religious, as well as some citizens in their houses

part of the heathen enemy,

the Christian Indians

only Heaven can reward your reverence, though I do not doubt that his Majesty (may God keep him) will do so.

“If I end his life, my own life is ended.”

They had no calendar and that was the best way they had of setting the date.

“If you have this power, then blow me out into the air; my gods have more power than you have. My gods have put a heart into me to enter your home.

“I have come to kill you.”

So that was how they got all the evidence against the priest.

wanted all the young girls to be brought to him when they were about thirteen or fourteen years old. They had to live with the priest. He told the people they would become better women if they lived with him for about three years.

Then, the priest, thinking the man was away, would come to visit his wife,

He was not doing the people any good and he was always figuring what he could do to harm them.

Now during this time the men would go out pretending they were going on a hunting trip and they would go to some hiding place, to make their prayer offerings.

all the people in the village had to come there to worship, and those that did not come were punished severely

If any man gave out on the way he was simply left to die.

He did not like the Kachinas and he destroyed the altars and the customs. He called it idol worship and burned up all the ceremonial things in the plaza.

which means a grouchy person that will not do anything himself, like a child

told the people that they had much more power than all their chiefs and a whole lot more power than the witches. The people were very much afraid of them, particularly if they had much more power than the witches. They were so scared that they could do nothing but allow themselves to be made slaves.

The people of Shung-opovi were at first afraid of the priests but later they decided he was really the Bahana, the savior, and let him build a mission at Shung-opovi.

every place was pretty well settled down when the Spanish came.

when informed of the truth

the Church

Even to the last, I could not convince the Indians that we were of the Christians...

who must be obeyed and served,

the Indians being ever diligent to bring us all they could.

and given them to the Christians,

caused their interpreter to tell the Indians that we were of them, and for a long time we had been lost; that they were the lords of the land who must be obeyed and served, while we were persons of mean condition and small force. The Indians cared little or nothing for what was told them; and conversing among themselves said the Christians lied : that we had come whence the sun rises, and they whence it goes down : we healed the sick, they killed the sound ; that we had come naked and barefooted, while they had arrived in clothing and on horses with lances; that we were not covetous of anything, but all that was given to us, we directly turned to give, remaining with nothing; that the others had the only purpose to rob whomsoever they found, bestow- ing nothing on any one... Even to the last, I could not convince the Indians that we were of the Christians...

e had many high words with, them ; for they wished to make slaves of the Indians we brought...

they neither hailed me nor drew near to make an inquiry...

so strangely habited as I was

they must be won by kindness, which is a way certain, and no other is.

but preferred to die rather than live in dread of such cruel usage as they received

they looked as though they would willingly die.

The sight was one of infinite pain to us

hearing more of Christians.

we gave many thanks to God our Lord

he answered that they came from heaven.

over six hundred open hearts of deer.'

they place their houses on the skirt of a wood, the thickest and most tangled they can find, and near it make a ditch in which they sleep.

When no longer offended and their anger is gone, they return. From that time they are friends as if nothing had happened

until their heat has subsided.

they strike each other with the fists, fighting until ex- hausted, and then separate.

It is com- mon among them all to leave their wives when there is no conformity, and directly they connect themselves with whom they please.

the Indians leave him to perish, unless it be a son or a brother; him they will assist, even to carrying on their back.

in seasons of scarcity, the children were allowed to suckle, that they might not famish

The children are suckled until the age of twelve years, when they are old enough to get sup- port for themselves.

On one occasion while I slept, the fire fell upon the straw, when it began to blaze so rapidly that not- T^-ithstanding the haste I made to get out of it,

while walking naked as I was born.

I was detained some time.

for every day went on increasing his compassion and his gifts.

many came to us that night sick

I made four fires, in the form of a cross

Thank God I found a burning tree,

After he made over them the sign of the cross, and commended them to God, they instantly said that all the pain had left,

sat down among us, and from the sorrow and pity they felt, they all began to lament so earnestly that they might have been heard at a dis- tance, and continued so doing more than half an hour.

but when they saw us thus, in a plight so different from what it was before, and so extraordinary, they were alarmed and turned back.

in a plight so different from what it was before, and so extraordinary, they were alarmed and turned back.

He answered that it was no longer a time in which one should com- mand another] but that each should do what he thought best to save his own life

He answered saying that could not be done, because the boat was far to sea and he wished to reach the shore

They entreated us to go with them, and said they would give us the Christ- ians, water, and many other things

and of more authority and condition than any we had hitherto seen

The Governor replied that he would give up the hostages when they should bring the Christians they had taken.

he departed with his boat...

.

near the shore, they began to move on hands and feet, crawling to land into some ravines

He answered that it was no longer a time in which one should com- mand another] but that each should do what he thought best to save his own life ; that he so intended to act; and saying this, he departed with his boat...

In the boat

more than forty men of disease and hunger

we knew not how to construct, nor were there tools, nor iron, nor forge, nor tow, nor resin, nor rigging; finally, no one thing of so many that are necessary, nor any man who had a knowledge of their manufacture; and, above all, there -was nothing to eat, while building, for those who should labor...

and could pass out of it only through death,

and that whatever might happen to one should be the lot of all, without any forsaking the rest.

that of the persons mounted, the greater part commenced secretly to plot, hoping to secure a better fate for themselves by abandoning the Governor and the sick, who were in a state of weak- ness and prostration.

Grod,

There were not horses enough to carry the sick, who went on increas- ing in numhers day hy day, and we knew of no cure.

to the place I had visited.

Captain Alonzo del Castillo

They are of admirable proportions, very spare and of great activity and strength.

com- manded the cavalry to dismount and charge the In- dians on foot.

the people beyond were less numerous and poorer, the land little occupied, and the inhabitants much scattered ; that thenceforward were great lakes, dense forests, immense deserts and solitudes

As we sallied they fled to the lakes near by, because of which and the large maize fields, we could do them no injury

asking for their women and children, whom we re- leased

very cold.

the Gelves

.

truth

and for some persons difficult to believe, nevertheless they may without hesitation credit me as strictly faithful. Better than to exaggerate, I have lessened in all things, and it is sufficient to say the relation is offered to your Majesty for truth.

and bring them to a know- ledge of the true faith and true Lord,

it might testify to my exertion in the royal behalf.

To me, one only duty remains, to present a relation of what was seen and heard in the ten years I wandered lost

that I should not have to speak in order to be reckoned among those who for diligence and fidelity in affairs your Majesty honors.

but coming in the providence of God and solely by His will.

but coming in the providence of God and solely by His will.

,