Animals were regarded more or less like cogs in a wheel; one dies, another one takes its place. Long-term studies of elephants, chimpanzees, dolphins, and other species tell a different story, though.
I hate to even think about this, but it is true. It hasn't been that long where animals were seen as just that, animals. Now we know they are very similar to us humans. We both have emotions, personalities, and feelings.
But the numbers overlook the social consequences of these deaths.
Goes back to the other argument. The pathos side.
And that is true. The death of one or two, or even a dozen Yellowstone park wolves (the number of park wolves believed to have been shot or trapped outside its boundaries in the 2012-2013 hunting season (link is external)) does not mean that the population is doomed. Wolf biologists emphasize how resilient the animals are. Packs may vanish, but others will take their place; there are pups this spring.
Morell continues on (from the last post) to show a logical side and gives sources (the wolf biologists) to gain reliability.
After the death of 832F, officials emphasized that the parks’ wolf population was still viable; there were plenty of wolves for people to see with more than 80 remaining.
Harsh swiping of the fact the wolf was killed
“I can’t prove it, but I think that’s why 832 led her pack back there,” Rick McIntyre, a biological technician for the Yellowstone Wolf Project, told me. McIntyre has followed the canids daily since they were reintroduced to the park in 1995, (link is external) and knows the individual wolves better than anyone. “Even though 754 wasn’t the alpha male, he was her favorite. I think she went looking for him.”
Is not reliable source of statement but his occupation gives him credibility. The fact that he knows these wolves since 1995 also gives him credit.
But two weeks before her death, the pack’s beta male, 754M, had also been shot and killed in the same area.
Shows that not only does a powerful Alpha female was killed but another of the pack's mates. Ethos and pathos
People were drawn to 832F because she was an unusual female wolf—saucy, independent, powerful and wily enough to bring down a bull elk alone, and unwilling to be anything other than the leader of her pack. She’d scorned all her suitors until she met a pair of malleable males, the black-and-silver furred brothers, 755M and 754M. They were younger than she was, and were mediocre hunters at best, but the trio formed a pack, which the brothers wisely let her lead. By 2012, they had grown to 13 strong, and were the indisputable rulers of the Lamar River Valley with its herds of elk and buffalo. All that changed, though, in early December 2012, when 832F was killed 15 miles from the park’s eastern boundary.
Ethos and pathos! Morell is giving a background to the female wolf whom died. She shows that wolves can be different, just like people, and that something this "minor" can be very major.
enormous repercussions, which continue to this day.
This quote is likeable to me because of how Morell is beginning to tell her audience that animal welfare is almost highly important.
From a purely demographic standpoint, biologists say no. If there are sufficient numbers of wolves to breed, then the species is fine
Gives one side of the argument, credibility increased
Does the death of one wolf matter?
Falls back on claim
He is, after all, still alive, although some might say he’s but a ghost of his former self, because she is gone, felled by a Wyoming hunter’s bullet.
Pathos! Morell is giving a background to the lone wolf and explaining that he wasn't always like this. From the death of his mate, which was the cause of a hunter, did he change drastically.
Only a few weeks before
Shows something has gone awry
lay so still he looked more like a stone or downed log. Most unlike a wolf, he was alone.
Ethos and pathos; sympathy for the wolf and evidence to support her claim.
I learned this firsthand during a visit to Yellowstone National Park last winter
Using pathos and her own experience to get empathy. Her credibility with her experience increases, showing the reader(s) that she isn't just writing about it, she sees for herself what's going on.
The decision is based solely on numbers, and so it misses what is increasingly evident to wildlife biologists and conservationists: the importance of individual animals.
This statement is biased but true. Morell is using pathos with ethos; she is trying to get sympathy and concern from her audience.
according to the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
This shows some antagonism against FWS.
When A Wolf Dies Do individual animals matter? Posted Jun 07, 2013
This is Morell's claim. She is asking how a single wolf could affect an entire pack or other wolves. Her question gives input of thought to readers that may or may not have occurred to them about animal welfare and their mental state.
Virginia Morell
I did not realize that Virginia Morell was the author of both my third and my fourth article. On the other article, she was very unbiased and not as much of a reliable source. Here, she seems to be more reliable considering how the website gives recognition to her books and other articles. In a psychological viewpoint, Morell is a reliable source.
When A Wolf Dies
Morell, Virginia. "When A Wolf Dies." Psychology Today. Psychology Today. 7 June 2013. Web. 06 Mar. 2016.
through state regulations and/or international conventions
Then because we can't be responsible as a whole society, we think laws and regulations will help. So we take away human rights and choices from those that may be working hard to make everything work. The point is it doesn't matter it takes away all choice and therefore, responsibility. Then it creates resentment, not towards those who make these flawed laws and regulations, but towards the animal or habitat its supposed to protect. It all boils down to educating people and fixing our humanities lack or responsibility.
The brochure gives examples of farmers in India poisoning elephant watering holes because they claim elephants damage their crops, and livestock owners in Russia and Africa killing tigers and lions on their land.
This should stir something up in everyone. This is the problem... there are so many of us that we are encroaching massively on animal territory. Poisoning a water hole to keep elephants form damaging crops? There are enough humans to build a fence or chase them off if they come in, poisoning is absolutely ridiculous, lazy and unnecessary. We have enough people to have our own living and work around other animals. If a tiger is eating your sheep you can raise dogs or stay with them to protect them yourself. People just want the easy way like we used to strive for but now that we have it we can work a little harder of spend a bit more time so everything can make it together. When people are lazy and take the easy was the animals are the ones that suffer.
This loss of habitat causes the extinction of species
This is the main fact driving Anika's thought. She is not worried about the individual killings but about species wide. The problem is most species can't adapt and evolve as fast as we as humans can destroy it. Humans are destroying habitat for their own or for possessions.
affect of overpopulation on animals
The audience for this article is not one purely of human rights or animal rights but more of a hybrid of the two. It is for people that can see everything is connected and you can't just fix one thing and be fine you have to help the whole system to achieve success.
For me the title struck me because it hit on what I was looking for. I think is is still well done though, it askes a question that ques people up to talk and is not just a yes or no answer.
here is a very real and dangerous affect for animals.
The claim of the author is that our expansion into the animal kingdom because of our needs is very dangerous for and affecting all animals adversely. I happen to believe this, we used to had plenty of space and that space was shared with animals but now there are so many of us that our sprawl is crowding animals and each other.<br> The world tends to like a balance, so when we get to overpopulated something will happen, plague, war, famine. It might already be too late for some species at that point or it may be the cause.
Anika Mohammed
Anika Mohammed is a Doctors Without Borders member and a keen supported of animal rights. She gets to see first hand a lot of the issues caused by human overpopulation, unclean water, living quality, starvation, etc. As much as she cares for humanity she knows there are other living things in this world too. Some that may need help as much or more then humans.
Overpopulation of humans, what does this mean?
This website is for the animal enthusiast to put it lightly. They veiw everyone as equals, humans and animals. So this article is going to be a bit bias by making everything equal. With the slogan "Transending Speciesism Since October 2008" you kind of get the hint, but at least they don't try and hide it.
Human Overpopulation as an Animal Rights Issue
Anika Mohammed. "Human Overpopulation as an Animal Rights Issue". November 26 2013. Web. March 5 2016. <animalblawg.wordpress.com>
Among students, religion not being importantand having no religion were associated with beingin favour of permitting abortion in any circum-stance and being against putting a woman whohad had an abortion in jail (p<0.001).
The medical students who do not have any religion tend to support the abortion for any occasion. The audience can recognize that the religious conviction is related to a controversial issue such as abortion.
The proportion of medical students whoagreed that abortion should be allowed wasalways larger than the corresponding proportionof civil servants.
The medical students is younger generation than the civil servants. The research reveals that the rising generation has more flexible and acceptable opinion about the abortion than middle-aged people.
We carried out two cross-sectional, descriptivesurveys, one with civil servants from a São PauloState public institution and the other with medi-cal students from three medical schools, also inSão Paulo State. Two different questionnaireswere used for the civil servants and the medicalstudents (Box 1), consisting of questions with pre-coded response categories for self-completion.
The authors amplify who the subject of the survey is and what kind of methods they used, so it can gain the credibility from the audience. However, it is difficult to generalize as all nations’ opinions because the authors choose only two groups to conduct their survey.
Considering that the answersobtained in surveys depends in great part on howthe questions are formulated, the aim of thisstudy was to compare the answers to generalquestions about the circumstances under whichthe respondents thought abortion should beallowed, with the answers of the same respon-dents to the question of whether a woman whohas had an illegal abortion should be sent toprison as the law mandates.
This is the purpose of the article. The authors maintain a neutral stance about an abortion issue in the whole article.
Cur-rently, the Penal Code is under review in the Par-liament, causing a heated debate betweenrepresentatives of the Catholic and Protestantchurches and those who defend women’s sexualand reproductive rights.
The Penal Code about abortion is still under review and it has become a hot issue while Zika virus is spreading quickly in Brazil. Although many people advocate women’s sexual and reproductive right, religion has much influence in changing the law in Brzail. Therefore, it will be difficult to amend the current abortion law.
In Brazil, the Penal Code dates from 1940 andestablishes that abortion is a crime but notpunishable in three cases: if the woman’s lifeis at risk, if pregnancy results from rape, andmore recently (since a court judgement in 2012)in cases of fetal anencephaly.7All other abor-tions are punishable with 1–10 years in prisonboth for the woman and for the person whocarried out the abortion.
In my opinion, Brazil government should provide the proper education of contraceptives to public before they strictly ban abortion in law. Effective birth control methods can reduce the illegal abortion rate from unwanted pregnancies.
One belief is that if abortion is criminalized,women will have fewer abortions than in an envi-ronment of liberal laws and easy access to safeabortions.5Experience shows this is not realistic,however; in fact, in countries where abortion islegally restricted women have more abortionsthan those living under more liberal laws.
This is interesting because it breaks a common notion that the country which restricts abortion would have fewer abortions than people who are living in liberal laws. The author claims that abortion rates is related to women’s access to and use of effective contraceptive methods. The audience realizes the importance of education which is the correct use of contraceptives.
The treatment ofabortion in these Penal Codes has remained almostunchanged (with a few exceptions), mostly underthe pressure of religions that traditionally opposeabortion, particularly the Catholic Church andother Christian faiths in Latin America.
A religious belief in one society have a significant impact on the law.
Unsafe abortions will continue to be a burdenfor the health and well-being of women in coun-tries where very restrictive abortion laws make ita crime.
Looking through the sentence shows that a country with very restrictive abortion laws considers abortion as crime. Most of those countries are strict Catholic nations. The Vatican’s teaching on abortion is clear: It is a sin.
According to the most recent global estimates,while the total number of induced abortionsdeclined between 2003 and 2008, the numberof unsafe abortions increased proportionately.
The authors raise a problem about the unsafe abortions. Although the total number of abortions declined around the globe, the unsafe abortions subsequently increased. They claims that it virtually escalates the overall abortions rates. The poor women with unwanted pregnancy go unlicensed practitioners and it causes a greater health hazards such as anemia, cervical trauma, and even death.
Brazilian parliamentarians who are currently reviewinga reform in the Penal Code need to have this information urgently.
In fact, the abortion law in Brazil has not been changed.
This paper presents the findingsfrom two studies. One was carried out in February–December 2010 among 1,660 public servants and the otherin February–July 2011 with 874 medical students from three medical schools, both in São Paulo State, Brazil.Both groups of respondents were asked two sets of questions to obtain their opinion about abortion:
This article is based on surveys and opinion polls. The majority of respondents are against the current Brazilian law that women who had had an abortion should be punished with prison. In my opinion, the present legislation about abortion in Brazil is very strict and it needs to be revised under the extreme conditions of Zika virus and microcephaly.
Unsafe abortions remain a major public health problem in countries with very restrictiveabortion laws.
Although Latin America has very restrictive abortion law, unsafe abortion was common. Now, Zika virus has emerged as a serious social problem, so the audience can anticipate the current situation of Latin America that dangerous abortions would increase more than before.
iterature response logs are regular records, usually daily, that children keep as running diaries of their read ing. Third, they may update their reading re cords.
This is a lesson in responsibility as the students update their reading logs after each SSR and of course adds the writing component to independent reading. Students can be proud of their reading logs and it will help them during sharing time as well. Also this instills a sense of ownership for students as it is their reading log about the books they chose which differs from their classmates.
o offset this state of emotional neutrality in classrooms, teachers must thoughtfully re consider how reading instruction may be reor ganized to rekindle a sense of joy and ownershi
Yes! This sense of joy and ownership connected to literature is intended to create interest in literature that will last. Students would hopefully be proud of the book they read and as they grow up, be proud of books they own and can recommend to others. I know this is true for me.
he only problem associated with this second block of sharing time is stopping. Sticking to the 10-minute time limit is often very difficult because children sincerely enjoy this time for sharing their ideas, work, and discoverie
The fact that kids are enjoying the sharing time and what they have to share, is incredible! It shows that allowing students to choose their literature can create an extremely engaged population of students.
r. Sheets also notes that mini-lessons force him to be concise in his demonstrations of skills in real reading situations.
When Mr. Sheets is forced to be concise it can be very beneficial for the students. Since he has to be short and to the point the children are given the information right away and not given too much all at once to take in.
ome teachers like to act in the role of "recorder" for the group or "wait in silence."
I like the idea of the teacher as the "recorder" for the group. This allows for the kids to all stay engaged in what everyone is talking, while you get to write down what everyone is saying so you can reflect on it later.
elf-selected reading. During SSR stu dents may become involved in one or more ac tivities (see Figure 1). To begin the workshop, students and teachers spend 10 minutes en gaged in free reading of a book they have cho sen for recreational reading or they may be reading goal pages established in their litera ture response group.
I like that kids are able to read books of their choice so that they are more engaged. It will help keep them more interested in reading and help with their reading skills.
turn on a CD of classical background music.
Yes! Classical music has been proven to increase brain activity in children and adults. It also will help children focus in on their individual papers and keep interrupting behaviors to a minimum
hen the timer bell sounds, the chil dren begin to write their entries on the lines provided below the spaces where they drew their illustrations. A
Timed writing is an important skill to teach even in younger grades because in a few years students will be taking timed standardized tests.
riting complete sentences writing sentences that ask a question
These are two very important skills that kids should learn at a young age. I think it is great that the kids learn these things so they can better develop their writing from an early age. Complete sentences will also help them in oral language as well.
Each child draws an illustration about the new or ongoing topic he or she has selected to write about. Children may talk with peers or with me about their topics or drawings.
Being able to illustrate and visually represent an idea is very important for all students. This skill touches on fine motor skills, visual processing and conceptual thought. Very important part of the lesson and an effective check for understanding.
any op portunities for connecting reading de coding skills with writing occur during these sessions.
decoding skills for children are so important especially at a young age. If they can "learn to read" earlier then later on they will be "reading to learn" a lot more.
ost of my direct writing instruc tion takes place during these brief ses sions, which may last up to 15 minutes.
Personally I learn better from direct instructions rather than a big long lesson where some information may be lost. This is a good idea to have these mini lessons, as they are very beneficial to the kids.
They ruled their empire through a decentralized network of subject peoples that paid regular tribute–including everything from the most basic items, such as corn, beans, and other foodstuffs, to luxury goods such as jade, cacao, and gold–and provided troops for the empire.
The Spanish was trying to take control over North and Central America. They were taking away valued goods from the Native Americans and made money off of it.
Matthew S. MacLennan
I am the author of this paragraph. I am also one of the scientists doing the metabolomic studies. I am in collaboration with many others in this project.
ZFIN_ZDB-GENO-100308-4
Database: ZFIN
Species: Zebrafish
Name: zf168Tg
Background: unspecified
Affected Gene: None
Genomic Alteration: zf168Tg
Phenotype: None
Notes: None
Availability: None
Catalog ID: ZDB-GENO-100308-4
Proper Citation: RRID:ZFIN_ZDB-GENO-100308-4
promontory
Whitman is comparing his soul to the image of the spider in this line
Hemos mencionado que los actores formulan y de sarrollan estrategias. Estas son intentos de desenvolver los intereses o satisfacer las necesidades . Las estrategias suponen cierto tipo de cálculo en el que cada actor que toma en cuenta, no solame nte sus intereses o necesidades y su vinculación con los componentes objetivos, sino también la exp ectativa sobre el comportamiento de los otros actores. Esto es, la estrategias son el resultado de las relaciones que se dan entre los sistema de actores. Para ello dan lugar a configur aciones que vinculan a actores diferentes.
estrategias de los actores
una lógica subordinada a las otras tres, en la medida que no genera procesos autónomos de toma de decisiones y de acciones sobre la ciudad, sino que lo hace en tanto que alguna de las otras tres la receptan. Estos actores, que pueden definirse en tres polos sociales dis tintos: académico, gubernamental y técnico-privado, contribuyen a las decisiones de los anteriores y, en tal sentido, introducen perspectivas que forman parte de esas decisiones.
actores técnicos
Ese desarrollo parece realizarse de cuatro ma neras fundamentales: a) acciones individuales o colectivas directas; b) organización comunitaria, de base solidaria para la producción directa; c) organización de movimientos reivindicativos frente a los actores gubernamentales; y d) orientación hacia relaciones clientelares, conformándose en clientela de algunos actores gubernamentales o políticos. Esas formas no son excluyentes y pueden combinarse en un mismo momento o sucesivamente.
actores sociales
Existen actores que se determinan en razón de lo que podemos denominar la lógica de la necesidad. Esta se muestra relevante en tanto que se desarrolla fuera (total o parcialmente) del mercado y de las políticas públicas.
actores sociales
Actores que participan en la producción de la ciudad orientados predominantemente en función de una lógica política, sin tener que someterse a la obligación de obtener ganancia económica. Pueden desarrollar procesos no mercan tiles de producción de la ciudad, desde el punto de vista, no ya de cada una de las actividades (o actores) individuales, sino en razón de una doble vinculación
actores políticos
Procesos demográficos: personas o familias que deciden ir del campo a las ciudades o de una ciudad a otra y, una vez en ellas, deciden localizar se en ciertos lugares o cambiar sus localizaciones urbanas anteriores. Procesos económicos que produ cen los soportes físicos para esa gente y sus actividades: viviendas, talleres, locales comerciales, equipamientos e infraestructuras; servicios que permiten la vida en la ciudad: transportes, trat amiento de residuos, educación y salud, etc. Procesos de producción cultural, desde la innovación en su sentido más amplio, incluyendo obviamente la tecnológica, hasta otras formas de la creación so cial: costumbres, artes, comunicaciones, formas sociales, etc.
Entender una ciudad como sociedad local implica suponer que lo que en ella pasa depende de lo que hacen los actores que en ella inci den, depende de sus decisiones. En segundo lugar, implica que esas decisiones surgen dentro de relaciones concretas: entre actores particulares económica, social y culturalmente. En tercer luga r, que esos actores deciden sobre la ciudad y lo hacen dentro en un contexto formado por los ámbitos globales de la realidad (nacional e internacional)
sociedad local, resumen
En segundo lugar, los actores locales, hemos supuesto, tienen capacidad para determinar a los procesos locales. Los actores económicos porque pueden incidir en el mercado local y los actores políticos porque logran incidir en las decisiones fundamentales a nivel local (gobierno local). Esto significa que los actores locales tienen cierta cap acidad de determinación de los procesos locales pero no la tienen (por lo menos en el mismo grado) respecto de procesos no locales: no son determinantes en las decisiones que toman otros gobiernos locales ni sus productos pueden determinar otros mercados locales.
incidencia en los procesos locales de los actores urbanos,
reproducen su poder en relación a los otros actor es locales y en referencia al gobierno local.
2/2 lógica local de los actores sociales
La ciudad es, entonces, una sociedad local que se caracteriza por una particular relación con el territorio: la aglomeración con base en la división social del trabajo, frente a la dispersión de la sociedad rural.
En una sociedad local encontramos unidad de procesos económicos y sociales, también identidades y procesos políticos propios. Es d ecir, individuos o grupos sociales con poderes diferenciados que dependen de su ubicación dentro de l sistema (local) de relaciones. Esto significa que el poder se acumula o se pierde en razón de las relaciones que se dan en la sociedad local.
procesos económicos y sociales
etrás de la urbanización, detrás de la ciudad, encontramos dos tipos de procesos estr ucturales fundamentales: los de la acumulación capitalista y los de la dominación propios de es a forma social.
Son actores que se reproducen como tales predominantemente dentro del ámb ito local. Esto significa, actores económicos que reproducen su capital en función de relaciones dent ro del ámbito territorial local (comerciantes o productores que tienen como mercado predominante a la población local), actores políticos que
lógica local de los actores sociales 1/2
De acuerdo a lo anterior, llamamos "actores lo cales" a los sujetos (individuales o colectivos) cuyo comportamiento se determina en función de una lógica local y/o su comportamiento determina los procesos locales.
Los actores sociales, por su parte, son la s unidades reales de acción en la sociedad: tomadores y ejecutores de decisiones que inciden en la realidad local. Son parte de la base social, son definidos por ella, pero act úan como individuos o colectivos que, además, están sometidos a otras condiciones (culturales, étnico-culturales, políticas y territoriales)
pensar la ciudad como sociedad local implica, inmediatamente, percibirla como un sistema de relaciones entre actores.