https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000246002/wie-aserbaidschan-auf-dem-weg-ist-die-klimakonferenz-zu-versemmeln

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/nov/21/us-and-india-lead-g20-on-climate-action-report-says

https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000206410/forschende-kritisieren-eu-klimaziele-und-orten-kniefall-vor-protestierenden-bauern

https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000245264/top-forscher-keywan-riahi-ueber-oesterreichs-schuld-am-klimawandel

https://taz.de/!6046758/

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/nov/15/weather-tracker-record-23c-at-night-makes-iceland-warmest-place-in-europeau

Die OMV und die Adnoc fusionieren ihr petrochemiegeschäft zu dem neuen Konzern Beruf, an dem beide gleiche Anteile halten. Aus dem Artikel geht auch hervor, dass die adnock durch Indizierung ihrer Anteile mit der OMV auch über die österreichische Politik bei der OMV mitbestimmt. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000194416/klimaphaenomen-el-nino-soll-bis-april-zu-hoeheren-temperaturen-beitragen

Erklär-Artikel im Guardian über Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) und Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Bei der Verabschiedung der Summary for Policy Makers des letzten Teils des AR6 haben sich vor allem Vertreter Saudi-Arabiens dafür eingesetzt, Hinweise auf CDR und CCS aufzunehmen und Hinweise auf erneuerbare Energien zu streichen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/apr/25/carbon-dioxide-removal-tech-polarising-climate-science

Greenpeace klagt in Rumänien gegen das OMV-Projekt Neptun Deep, u.a.wegen einer unkorrekten Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung und falschen Angaben über die zu erwartenden Emissionen. Neptun Deep ist das größte fossile Expansionsprojekt in der EU https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000243470/greenpeace-klagt-gegen-milliardenteures-gasprojekt-der-omv-im-schwarzen-meer

2023 wurde mit 55,5 Milliarden Fass Öläquivalent so viel Öl und Gas gefördert wie nie zuvor. 578 Unternehmen arbeiten daran, durch zusätzliche Förderstätten weitere 240 Milliarden Fass zu produzieren, obwohl zur Einhaltung des 1,5 Grad-Ziels keine Förderkapazitäten mehr aufgebaut werden dürfen. Zu den Unternehmen mit den größten Expansionsplänen gehört die an der OMV beteiligte Adnoc. Die Zahlen sind - neben vielen weiteren z.B. zur LNG-Expansion - in der aktualisierten Global Oil & Gas Exit List (Gogel) der NGO Urgewald enthalten https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000244513/weltweite-oel-und-gasfoerderung-erreichte-2023-ein-allzeithoch

https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000244756/tuerkis-rot-pinke-regierungssondierungen-warum-die-gruenen-fehlen-werden

Die https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/nov/13/no-sign-of-promised-fossil-fuel-transition-as-emissions-hit-new-high

Global Carbon Budget 2024: https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2024-519/

Presseaussendung zum Global Carbon Budget: https://globalcarbonbudget.org/fossil-fuel-co2-emissions-increase-again-in-2024/

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/nov/06/warn-valencia-government-flooding

Am 29. Oktober fiel in einigen Gebieten in Südspanien so viel Niederschlag wie sonst in eInem Jahr. U.a. weil die Regionalbehörden nicht rechtzeitig warnten, kamen über 200 Menschen zu Tode. Am vergangenen Wochenende protestierten über 100.000 Menschen gegen die Behörden. Die rechte Regionalregierung in Valencia hatte den Katastrophenschutz abgebaut, weil sie die Bedrohung durch die Klimakrise für überschätzt hielt https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/nov/12/spain-braces-new-storms-flooding-disaster-political-fallout-continues

TRSP Desirable Characteristics

Contact info (for the person, depositor, producer or owner, ideally with ORCID; or organisation) of the data: does the repository keep and show this information?

Russland hat durch Vetos dafür.gesorgt, dass die COP29 in dem autoritären Petrostaat Aserbaidschan stattfindet. Max Bearak berichtet in der New York Times auch über die steigenden Öl- und Gasexporte des Landes nach Europa.

https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/11/climate/cop29-why-baku-azerbaijan.html

2024 wird – den neuesten Copernicus-Daten zufolge – mit sehr großer Wahrscheinlichkeit das erste Jahr mit einer Durchschnittstemperatur von über 1,5° über dem vorindustriellen Durchschnitt und damit das wärmste Jahr der Messgeschichte werden. Im Oktober lag die durchschnittliche Meerestemperatur über 20° – der zweithöchste Wert nach 2023.

https://www.derstandard.de/story/3000000243806/2024-wird-so-gut-wie-sicher-erstmals-die-15-grad-schwelle-uebertreffen

Copernicus-Meldung: https://climate.copernicus.eu/year-2024-set-end-warmest-record

Allein das Rollback der klimapolitischen Maßnahmen der Biden-Administration durch die Trump-Regierung wird bis 2030 zu 4 Gigatonnen CO2-Äqivalenten an zusätzlicher Emissionen führen (bis 2050 zu 27GtCO2e). Die Analyse verschiedener Modellierungen der von Trump geplanten Maßnahmen durch Carbon Brief ergab im März, dass die USA damit weltweit fast eine Billiarde USD zusätzlicher „social costs of carbon“ verursachen würden. Die geplante weitere fossile Expansion unter dem Motto „drill, Baby, drill!“ ist dabei nicht einberechnet https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-trump-election-win-could-add-4bn-tonnes-to-us-emissions-by-2030

Die New York Times über die Pläne des Trump-Teams zur Beendigung der Klimapolitik der Biden-Administration. Dazu gehören der Austritt aus dem Pariser Abkommen, die Verlagerung (zwecks Entmachtung) der Environmental Protection Agency und die Aufhebung des Verbots von Bohrungen in bisherIgen Naturschutzgebieten und Territorien von Native Americans. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/08/climate/trump-transition-epa-interior-energy.html

Tim Bosch befürchtet im taz-Interview, dass die kommende Trump-Administration nicht nur aus dem Pariser Klimaabkommen, sondenr auch aus der UN-Rahmenkonvention für Klimaschutz aussteigt https://taz.de/Politologe-ueber-Klimapolitik-mit-Trump/!6047357/

Eine neue Studie bestätigt, dass die Hauptursache des immer schnelleren Anstiegs des Methan-Gehalts der Atmosphäre die Aktivität von Mikroaorganismen ist, die durch die globale Erhitzung zunimmt. Damit handelt es sich um einen Feedback-Mechanismus, durch den sich die globale Erhitzung selbst verstärkt. https://taz.de/Zu-viel-Methan-in-der-Atmosphaere/!6045201/

Studie: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2411212121

Vorangehende Studien: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-023-01629-0, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-022-01296-7.epdf?sharing_token=CDMa5-ti34UNBqv3kfuCB9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0NZRKXEI-7kyXEEvNI7duu65JLcZpmhGxWTeSfYcMCqxqYk5nUrdR60izmjToMNw56RgBqIcn3JXKxSjx13vmB9ZYndGTUMt-52Vs7HT_T6K9Oth4QFRyP51eOpz8pV8l65HFDo2VSfQ6xDXklMtmvt-HGwltAINb_2xgmtAR-V4g%3D%3D&tracking_referrer=taz.de

possibly due to author platform?

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/nov/03/cop16-ends-in-disarry-and-indecision-despite-biodiversity-breakthroughs

https://rknight.me/blog/setting-up-mastodon-author-tags/

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/oct/31/eu-emissions-fall-by-8-in-steep-reduction-reminiscent-of-covid-shutdown

Bericht: https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/trends-and-projections-in-europe-2024

Drei Klimawissenschaftlerinnen wehren sich in einem Kommentar in Nature gegen den Vorwurf, sie betrieben keine objektive Wissenschaft, weil sie ihren Schmerz angesichts der fortschreitenden Klimakrise offen kommunizieren. Gefühle seien Teil der Realität und dürften von Forschenden nicht unterdrückt werden. Gefühle auszuschließen werde vor allem von Privilegierten zur Norm erklärt, die den Folgen der Klimakrise kaum ausgesetzt seien https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/oct/25/we-have-emotions-too-climate-scientists-respond-to-attacks-on-objectivity

Nature-Artikel: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-024-02139-3

Der neueste Emissions Gap Report der Vereinten Nationen kommt zu dem.Ergebnis, dass die Erde auf eine Temperatur-Erhöhung um 3,1° zusteuert. Würden sich alle Staaten an ihre Selbstverpflichtungen halten, käme es zu einem Anstieg um etwas weniger als 3°. Noch immer sei ein Erreichen des 1,5°-Ziels technisch möglich, verlange aber einen entschlossenen Politikwechsel und Leadership https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/oct/24/crunch-time-for-real-un-says-time-for-climate-delays-has-run-out

Bericht: https://www.unep.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2024

Frankreichs dritter nationaler Plan zur Klimaanpassung enthält 51 Maßnahmen. Sie gehen von 4° Erhitzung bis 2100 aus - in Frankreich die Vorgabe für alle offiziellen Dokumente zur „ökologischen Planung“. Viele Fachleute halten diese Einschätzung für zu optimistisch. Die meisten der Massnahmen sind wenig konkret und nicht mit einer Finanzierung unterlegt. Die besondere Vulnerabilität bestimmter Gruppen wird nicht berücksichtigt https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/changement-climatique-un-nouveau-plan-national-dadaptation-au-regime-sec-20241025_E5E4GSMOBJEPVGEU3EGXEJBZRY/

https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000240651/klima-overshoot-gibt-es-ein-zurueck-nach-15-grad-celsius

Nature-Editorial: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03266-9

Die von Waldbränden außerhalb der Tropen verursachten Emissionen haben sich seit 2001 fast verdreifacht. Weltweit haben die Emissionen durch Waldbrände in dieser Zeit um 60% zugenommen. Ursache dafür ist die Kombination von heißerem und trockenerem Wetter mit dem schnelleren Wachstum der Wälder durch die höheren Temperaturen. Die Wälder können durch die Brände jahrzehntelang zu Emittenten werden. Damit ist die Funktion der Wälder als Kohlenstoffsenken gefährdet. Das bedeutet auch, dass sie andere anthropogene Emissionen weniger kompensieren und die Fähigkeit verlieren, nach einem Überschreiten der 1,5°-Grenze C0₂ aus der Atmosphäre zu entfernen. Außerdem müssten diese von Menschen verursachten Emissonen den C0₂-Budgets der Nationalstaaten zugeordnet werden.

https://theconversation.com/forest-fires-are-shifting-north-and-intensifying-heres-what-that-means-for-the-planet-241337

Überblick über die französische Rezeption des Bioregionalismus. Ich bin gestern durch den Circular Metabolism Podcast darauf gestoßen. Der Artikel ist von 2022, danach ist wohl vor allem bei der bioregionalen Architektur sehr viel passiert. Von den amerikanischen Begründern des Bioregionalismus führt eine Linie zur deep ecology und eine zur sozialen Ökologie. Eine entscheidende Figur für die französische Rezeption ist Alberto Magnaghi.

for - book - Irreducible - author - Federico Faggin - to - book Irreducible

to - book - Irreducible - https://hyp.is/0J8C4lo8Ee-WxX-r7RiEHw/www.collectiveinkbooks.com/essentia-books/our-books/irreducible-consciousness-life-computers-human-nature

for - book - Hospicing modernity - author - Vanessa Andreotti - Dean of education - U of Victoria

for - book - What we think about when we try not to think about global warming - author - Per Espen Stokes - climate crisis - psychology of - Per Espen Stokes

follow up - book - Exactly What to Say" - author - Phil. M. Jones

for - symbolosphere - language - book - Exactly What to Say - author - Phil M. Jones

follow up - book - Loneliness - author - Clark E. Moustakas

follow up - book - Emergent Strategy - author - Adrienne Maree Brown

https://energynewsmagazine.at/2024/04/19/oevp-lehnt-gruenes-diversifizierungspflicht-gesetz-ab/

Scott P. Scheper, author of "Antinet Zettelkasten," book published in 2022.

for - book - author - Kevin Kian

follow up - Kevin Kian? - get more info on author and book

• for: book - Rethinking the World

• book: Rethinking the World

• author: Peter Pogany

Roland Barthes (1915-1980, France, literary critic/theorist) declared the death of the author (in English in 1967 and in French a year later). An author's intentions and biography are not the means to explain definitively what the meaning of a (fictional I think) text is. [[Observator geeft betekenis 20210417124703]] dwz de lezer bepaalt.

Barthes reduceert auteur to de scribent, die niet verder bestaat dan m.b.t. de voortbrenging van de tekst. Het werk staat geheel los van de maker. Kwam het tegen in [[Information edited by Ann Blair]] in lemma over de Reader.

Don't disagree with the notion that readers glean meaning in layers from a text that the author not intended. But thinking about the author's intent is one of those layers. Separating the author from their work entirely is cutting yourself of from one source of potential meaning.

In [[Generative AI detectie doe je met context 20230407085245]] I posit that seeing the author through the text is a neccesity as proof of human creation, not #algogen My point there is that there's only a scriptor and no author who's own meaning, intention and existence becomes visible in a text.

• for: cumulative cultural evolution, speed of cultural evolution
• paraphrase
  • The story that they are telling
  • is of a grand transition that occurred about fifty thousand years ago,
  • when the driving force of evolution changed
    • from biology
    • to culture,
  • and the direction changed
    • from diversification
    • to unification of species.
  • The understanding of this story can perhaps help us to deal more wisely with our responsibilities as stewards of our planet.

Born in Moscow in 1933, Andrei Voznesensky is celebrated as “one of the most daring and popular poets of the Soviet era.” [1] While he graduated from the Moscow Architectural Institute, he abandoned his short-lived architectural career in order to work as a poet. That being said, his architectural training significantly influenced the structure of his poetry, including his famous “Videoms,” in which words are arranged visually to compose geometric shapes. [2] The centrality of structure and visuality to the reading experience is also fundamental in this poem. All indentations and line breaks reflect the form in which it was originally published.

Although his work cannot be distilled or reduced to a single literary movement, futurism significantly influenced his poetry. His work has been compared to that of Pablo Neruda, Vladimir Mayakovsky, and Boris Pasternak. [3]

While Voznesensky's poetry was censored by the Soviet press and publicly admonished by Khrushchev, he was still able to perform his work publicly [4]. He carefully navigated his position within the Soviet literary scene so as to maximize his opportunities for public expression. He is known for his performance The Poet and the Theater, which was held at the Taganka theater in 1965 and actively involved actors in the process of reading poetry from his book Antiworlds. [5] As the recipient of the 1978 Soviet State Prize, he had the opportunity to share his poetry across the world, including in the United States, which enabled him to befriend prominent politicians, artists, philosophers, and activists, such as Pablo Picasso, Robert Kennedy, and Jean-Paul Sartre. [3] He died on June 1, 2010.

<script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

Voznesensky’s poem Думы о Чернобыле [Thoughts on Chernobyl] was published shortly after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in Pravda, the official newspaper of the Soviet Union's Communist party, on June 3rd, 1986. In a LA Times interview, Voznesensky referred to the publication of this poem as illustrative of changing attitudes towards public-facing criticism in the Soviet Union:

“One year ago, it was impossible to even think these things. Maybe not arrested, but terrible time. Even now, I know the magazine director was brave guy. He didn’t even ask authorities. So it’s changing. I don’t know personally Gorbachev, but I think somebody around him read this poem and said, ‘It’s OK.’” [6]

Note: The image in the background of this project features the first page of this issue of Pravda.

Sources:

[1] Cheuse, Alan. “Remembering Poet Andrei Voznesensky.” NPR, 10 June 2010, https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=127411139.

[2] "Andreĭ Voznesenskiĭ." Kul'tura.RF, https://www.culture.ru/persons/9345/andrei-voznesenskii.

[3] Polukhina, Valentina. “Andrei Voznesensky Obituary.” The Guardian, 3 June 2010, https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/jun/03/andrei-voznesensky-obituary.

[4] Williamson, Marcus. "Andrei Voznesensky: Poet Who Fought Against Artistic Censorship in the Soviet Union." The Independent, 5 July 2010, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/andrei-voznesensky-poet-who-fought-against-artistic-censorship-in-the-soviet-union-2018291.html.

[5] Beumers, Birgit. Yuri Lyubimov at the Taganka Theatre: 1964-1994. Taylor and Francis, 2003.

[6] Roraback, Dick. “Outspoken Soviet Poet Makes Waves in East and West.” Los Angeles Times, 8 April 1987, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-04-08-vw-23-story.html.

Image Credit:

"Andrei Voznesensky" by rdesign812 is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. The image has not been modified in any way and falls under fair use.

Hernán Urbina Joiro is a poet, journalist, writer, and acclaimed medical doctor from Colombia. As a member of the Academia Nacional de Medicina de Colombia, he has received national recognition for his medical research. In 2015, he received the prestigious Orden Gran Cruz de Caballero del Congreso de la República de Colombia for his artistic achievements. He has written for numerous Colombian newspapers and founded the Romanceros and Humanidad Ahora magazines. His book of poetry Canciones para el camino: Poesía escogida 1974-2019 is forthcoming from Caligrama. [1]

He traces the beginning of his poetry to his childhood, when he wrote verses about the massacres that took place between families in his town, San Juan del Cesar. [1] Urbina Joiro views his role as a doctor, who “inquires about the human condition,” as deeply tied to his poetry and journalism, in which he “reproduces in voices, meters, and images . . . the vertigo and the uncertainty of the contemporary world.” [1] Urbina Joiro utilizes poetry as a means to investigate and represent “the history of Colombia and the world,” which informs his artistic engagement with international politics and catastrophes such as Chernobyl. [1]

Sources:

[1] Urbina Joiro, Hernán. Hernán Urbina Joiro – Escritor. 2020, https://hernanurbinajoiro.com/.

Image Credit:

"Hernán Urbina Joiro" by Evelynparra19 is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The image has not been modified in any way and falls under fair use.

Lina Kostenko is one of the most renowned contemporary Ukrainian poets. She was born in 1930 in Rzhyshchiv, Kyiv Oblast and studied at the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute in Moscow. Kostenko was a leading member of the “Sixtiers” dissident movement, which consisted of "anti-totalitarian" thinkers who openly criticized political repression and corruption in their work. [1] Many of the “Sixtiers” were imprisoned, forcibly held in psychiatric hospitals, or exiled, and Kostenko herself was blacklisted in 1973 for her political activities and subversive writing by the Central Committee on Ideology of the Communist Party of Ukraine. [2] Although her work was not allowed to circulate officially, it was published in secret through samizdat, in which activists and poets transcribed and circulated each other’s forbidden works. Beginning in 1977, she was taken off the blacklist. She later received the prestigious Taras Shevchenko National Prize for her novel Marusya Churai in 1987. [2]

The Chernobyl disaster is a fundamental theme in Kostenko’s later work. [3] The untitled poem below comes from her collection The Volatile Quatrains, which deals extensively with the difficulties in bearing witness to and remembering Chernobyl.

As you read her poem, consider this excerpt from an interview between Lina Kostenko and the journalist Oksana Pakhlyovskaya:

Оксана Пахлёвская: – Ты не боишься ездить в Чернобыльскую зону?

Oksana Pakhlyovskaya: Aren’t you afraid of going into the Chernobyl zone?

Лина Костенко: – Нет. Писатель должен видеть всё.

Lina Kostenko: No. A writer must see everything.

[4].

Sources:

[1] “The Ukrainian Sixtiers Dissident Movement Museum.” Museum of Kyiv History. 2017, http://www.kyivhistorymuseum.org/en/museum-affiliates/museum-60-th.

[2] “Kostenko, Lina Vasylivna.” Virtual Museum: Dissident Movement in Ukraine. 2005, http://museum.khpg.org/en/index.php?id=1113913627.

[3] “Contributor: Lina Kostenko.” Words Without Borders: The Online Magazine for International Literature, https://www.wordswithoutborders.org/contributor/lina-kostenko.

[4] Kostenko, Lina. From an interview by Oksana Pakhlyovskaya, section IV, Al'terrnativna Barrikad. Translated by Valentina Varnovskaya. Stikhi.ru. https://stihi.ru/2014/08/06/210.

*English translation by Grace Sewell.

Image Credit:

"Lina_Kostenko_2003" by Rosiestep is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The image has not been modified in any way and falls under fair use.

• Title
  • Life is not easily bounded
• Subtitle
  • Working out where one hare ends and another begins is easy; a siphonophore, not so much. What is an individual in nature?

• Author

  • Derk J. Skillings

• comment

  • this article delves into the subject of defining what an individual is
    • what makes a biological organism the same or different from another biological organism?
    • This question is not so easy to answer if we are looking for a general definition that can apply to ALL species

Reply to Dan Allosso at https://danallosso.substack.com/p/what-value-do-i-add-to-the-substack/comment/16463063

I just saw this morning that Jillian Hess, a professor/researcher/writer at a community college in New York, is also contemplating some of the same territory and trying to balance out the necessaries: https://jillianhess.substack.com/p/introducing-ps-a-new-paid-subscriber

I see that she's using both Amazon and Bookshop affiliate accounts and links in her stream. Have you delved into this for supplementation (albeit probably small)? I've done it for years and it never nets enough to even cover my hosting costs, though it makes the hobbyist portion of the outlay a bit more comfortable.

Beyond this, you might appreciate her particular Substack on note books and note taking or her new book: Hess, Jillian M. How Romantics and Victorians Organized Information: Commonplace Books, Scrapbooks, and Albums. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022. https://amzn.to/3VY4RU7

You're probably beyond needing them, but Substack has been building their writer resources and tips for helping to build paid audience. Details at https://on.substack.com/s/resources and https://on.substack.com/s/office-hours

Perhaps you're conflating too many things? Ask first, what value do I add to the world? (Arguably loads.) Then ask: How do I (best) distribute this value? To this perhaps one of your answers is Substack, which may or may not be one of many tools you use for this purpose. Then the follow on question is what value do you get back from it?

Given HCR's numbers (especially in comparison with Twitter) and her time on the platform, I suspect she may have (or at this point had) some sort of special platform deal with Substack which isn't publicly known beyond the basics of what the typical person could get. It's probably the modern digital equivalent of the sort of deal a highly visible academic might get from a magazine like The Atlantic. The pay scale may be different but we can obviously see that the daily output is wildly different too. If you're not aware, when Substack started they reached out to a wide variety of famous/semi-famous people and helped them to build a quick audience that would have taken them far more time and effort than they would otherwise have ever invested. Part of this was providing initial payment/seed money which was really their early investment for getting lots of quality content on the platform as a means of drawing the masses to come to the platform to both read and create as well. Unless you're a massive name working with them directly, you're unlikely to get this sort of deal today, and this means a tougher up hill slog for the "rest of us" as the platform doesn't need to pay for this sort of scaling/network effect now. If nothing else, knowing these early economies of Substack (and really lots of other social platforms, Medium certainly followed this script as an example) will help you to have a broader perspective and better compare your apples to others' oranges.

https://on.substack.com/p/how-to-sell-a-book-on-substack

• Title: Human niche construction in interdisciplinary focus
• Author:
  • Jeremy Kendal
  • Jamshid J. Tehrani
  • John Oding-Smee
• Abstract
  • summary
  • Niche construction is an endogenous causal process in evolution,
• reciprocal to the causal process of natural selection.
  • It works by adding ecological inheritance,
  • comprising the inheritance of natural selection pressures previously modified by niche construction,
  • to genetic inheritance in evolution.
  • Human niche construction modifies selection pressures in environments in ways that affect both human evolution, and the evolution of other species.
  • Human ecological inheritance is exceptionally potent
  • because it includes the social transmission and inheritance
  • of cultural knowledge, and material culture.
  • Human genetic inheritance
  • in combination with human cultural inheritance
  • thus provides a basis for gene–culture coevolution,
  • and multivariate dynamics in cultural evolution.
  • Niche construction theory potentially integrates the biological and social aspects of the human sciences.
  • We elaborate on these processes,
  • and provide brief introductions to each of the papers published in this theme issue.

• Title: Ecological consequences of human niche construction: Examining long-term anthropogenic shaping of global species distributions
• Author:
  • Nicole L. Bolvin
  • Melinda A. Zeder
  • Dorian O. Fuller
  • Michael D. Petraglia

!- Pirandello’s play Six Characters in Search of an Author : vehicle for exploring cultural evolution over the last 50,000 years

!- Title : Biological and Cultural Evolution Six Characters in Search of an Author !- Author : Freeman Dyson !- Date : 2019

https://optimize.google.com/

alternative: https://www.inspectlet.com/

link to: https://hypothes.is/a/ykPEMJXhEe2yst-vhvqBzg

!- Title : The deep Anthropocene - A revolution in archaeology has exposed the extraordinary extent of human influence over our planet’s past and its future !- Author : Lucas Stephens - researcher at archaeoGLOBE project

https://www.goodreads.com/notes/59660671-building-a-second-brain/7458926-tiago

And as if I requested it this morning, here's an example of an author using annotations to create engagement/start a conversation/start an informal book club discussion using Goodreads and annotations on their own work.

cc: @remikalir

https://www.goodreads.com/notes/57643476-annotation/3524158-markgrabe-grabe

I rarely see notifications from Goodreads about annotations (typically via Kindle) unless they're from the author of the book posting them, ostensibly to generate engagement with their readers. Interesting to see Mark Grabe sharing his annotations on @remikalir and @anterobot's book on annotation though. :)

Author response

To: Reviewer: Heikki Vapaatalo, MD, PhD, Emeritus professor of Pharmacolog

Dear reviewer Thank you very much for the insightful suggestions, the manuscript improved a lot with the changes performed. Please find the point-by-point answer to the raised questions. In the main text, all changes are highlighted in yellow. I hope that with the changes made the new version is suitable for publication.

Best regards Valquiria Bueno

General assessment

The study is interesting and the title promises for me more than the MS finally contains.

Answer: The manuscript is part of a project aiming to study ACE1 and ACE2 expression in cells from the immune system of aging and young adults. These initial results suggest that ACE1 (and probably ACE2) plays somehow a role in the process of aging.

The background, question and the aim are relevant as explained in the introduction.

Answer: We included a piece of information in the “Introduction” trying to link ACE1 expression in tissue cells and age-related diseases, as it follows:

ACE1 has been suggested to influence age-related diseases (i.e. Alzheimer’s, sarcopenia, cancer) but the associated mechanisms are still under investigation. ACE1 polymorphisms were correlated with susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). [15, 16] In addition, it was shown recently that in normal aging ACE1 expression is increased in brain homogenates and this expression is unchanged in early stages of AD. [17] Regarding sarcopenia, Yoshihara et al. [18] found a weak correlation between ACE polymorphism and physical function. In cancer (gastric or colorectal), patients presented higher expression of ECA1 in tumor when compared with healthy tissues. [19, 20]

The major criticism concerns the small size of the material (subjects, n=6), the small age difference (64-67 years) and the lack of younger controls.

Answer: We agree that the small number of studied subjects is a limitation of this study. In spite of the interesting results suggesting that ACE1 expression could be linked to the health status, it was not possible to perform correlation analysis due to the small sample size. Even though there is a small chronological difference between the subjects, the biological aging is very different among them and reflects the genetics, lifestyle, nutrition and comorbidities. Another limitation is the lack of younger controls to compare with the subjects studied. Our next steps are to include younger controls, to increase the number of studied subjects, and if possible to get samples from older subjects (i.e. 70-80, 80 and more years old)

Minor notes:

1)Title: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) expression in leukocytes of older adults

Answer: We evaluated only ACE1 expression, and thus, title, abstract, and main text were changed to ACE1 instead of ACE. We decided to change to title for: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 1 expression in leukocytes of adults from 64 to 67 years old

2)Introduction: The last chapter, the Author should explain in more detail, how references 11-14 suggest that “ACE play an important role in the aging process”. Does this mean, that ACE is somehow regulating the aging process or in increasing age ACE -levels are changed?

Answer: References 11-14 shows that age-related diseases occurring in older adults are associated with changes in the immune system. To complete the text we added:

ACE1 has been suggested to influence age-related diseases (i.e. Alzheimer’s, sarcopenia, cancer) but the associated mechanisms are still under investigation. ACE1 polymorphisms were correlated with susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). [15, 16] In addition, it was shown recently that in normal aging ACE1 expression is increased in brain homogenates and this expression is unchanged in early stages of AD. [17] Regarding sarcopenia, Yoshihara et al. [18] found a weak correlation between ACE polymorphism and physical function. In cancer (gastric or colorectal), patients presented higher expression of ECA1 in tumor when compared with healthy tissues. [19, 20]

Material and Methods:

The N-value of the subjects should be mentioned here, as well the relation of females/males.

Answer: Text was correct as suggested Blood was collected from adults (n=6, four females and two males) aged 64-67 years old in 2015.

Do the Authors really regard 64-67 “older age” nowadays?

Answer: Nowadays the most common term used for individuals older than 65 years is “older adults”.

Why first many years later the assays have been done in comparison to the collection of the blood? Are the samples still useable, not destroyed?

Answer: Samples are part of UNIFESP Biobank and have been kept in adequate conditions. We wanted to test cells from a period anterior to COVID-19 and those samples were the only ones that attended our purpose. We compared samples used in this study with fresh blood samples (cell viability and percentage of CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+) and the results showed good preservation of the cells.

Did the subjects have some diseases and/or drugs because the possibly were from hospital sample bank?

Answer: Samples are part of UNIFESP Biobank, but unfortunately we do not have information about diseases and medicaments.

Express the company details similarly than Amersham, cities and countries.

Answer: Changes were done as required ACE CD143 FITC (R&D Systems, Inc, Minneapolis, USA)

Results:

“Table 1 shows that older adults…..” The comparison between the present data and historical studies belongs to the Discussion.

Answer: Changes were done as required

Give also individual ages and gender of the subjects in the table 1.

Answer: The manuscript version sent to medrxiv@medrxiv.org had age and gender on tables, but due to their request, any possible variable that could identify the studied individual had to be removed. That is why in the present version these variables are not shown.

What means p-values here? Compared with which or interindividual differences in the particular variable? Should be explained

Answer: We used p-value for interindividual differences in each variable since individuals age differently (biological aging) and thus, physiological parameters could be affected by genetics, lifestyle, nutrition, and comorbidities. It is now explained in materials and methods

The numbering of tables and the text seems to me confusing. Only three tables, but in the text mentioned four. Number 4 does not exist.

Answer: For some reason table 2 is missing in the main text, please find the new version with Table 2 included

It would be good to have a list of abbreviations used in the description of the cell types for an unfamiliar reader.

Answer: In each figure and table we are now providing a description of cells evaluated.

Discussion:

A major part of the discussion deals with previous publications and not meaning or clinical significance of the present findings and comparison between the present and earlier studies.

Answer: The discussion was changed as suggested:

Our results show that for the studied population, chronological aging and biological aging don´t go at the same pace. Even individuals having a small chronological difference (64 to 67 years old), they are heterogeneous for physiological parameters such as glucose, urea, glycated hemoglobin (Hbglic), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Changes in the same functional parameters have been reported by Carlsson et al. [22] and Helmerson-Karlqvist [23] in healthy older adults. Carlsson’s study [22] found that CRP value was 2.6 with a coefficient variation of 1.4% whereas in our study, it was observed higher values of CRP in 5 out of 6 individuals. Increased CRP levels has been associated with inflammaging and our findings show that the studied population has changes in functional parameters which are likely associated with an inflammatory profile. [24] The link between RAS and inflammation has been suggested but its role is not completely clear under physiological and pathological conditions. [25, 26] In addition, the association between ACE1 altered expression in tissues (brain, muscle, heart and vessels) and the development and progression of age-related conditions such as Alzheimer’s, sarcopenia, and cardiovascular disease has been suggested but results are controversial. [17, 27, 28, 29, 30] There are few studies showing the association between ACE1 expression in cells from the immune system (monocytes, T cells) and the progression of kidney and cardiovascular disease. [9, 8, 31, 32]. Therefore, considering the lack of information on this issue, we questioned whether ACE1 (CD143) was highly expressed in cells from the immune system during the aging process. We found that ACE1 was expressed in almost 100% of T (CD4+, CD8+) and B lymphocytes and in all phenotypes of these cells. In non-lymphoid cells, ACE1 mean expression was 56,9%. In agreement with our findings, independent studies showed that T cells from healthy donors and monocytes from patients with congestive heart failure expressed ACE1, but there was no investigation on cell phenotype. [25, 26]. Our study is the first to show that either inexperienced (naive) or fully activated (memory) cells expresses ACE1. Our findings suggest a that the expression of ACE1 in lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells reflects the health status since our studied population presented changes in physiological parameters and high levels of ACE1 expression on immune cells. Previous independent studies showed that patients with unstable angina [32] or acute myocardial infarction [33] presented higher expression of ACE1 in T cells and dendritic cells than controls subjects. In addition, markers of the cell (lymphoid and non-lymphoid) functional status such as inflammatory or growth factors production could be modulated by ACE inhibitors (ACEi). Accordingly, mononuclear leukocytes from healthy subjects incubated with endotoxin exhibited high levels of tissue factor activity which was reduced in the presence of captopril in a dose-dependent pattern. This result could be related to the antithrombotic effect of ACEi. [34]. In patients with congestive heart failure, immune cells cultured with LPS secreted high levels of the pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha and these levels were significantly reduced in the presence of captopril. [35]

In those previous studies, also ACE2 has been reported, why not studied here?

Answer: Our next studies will be focused on ACE1 and ACE2 expression in cells from the immune system in both younger and older adults.

In the limitations, the Authors fairly mention the real problem: The small sample size, and I would like to say lack of younger subjects.

Answer: we agree with the limitations pointed and the text was changed as required:

This study have limitations such as the small sample size and the lack of young adults for comparison. As an example, the subject with the highest CRP and albumin also exhibited a high percentage of ACE1 expression on T (CD4+, CD8+), B and non-lymphoid cells in addition to the lowest percentage of CD4+ naive cells, and the highest percentage of CD8+ terminally differentiated (EMRA) and DN B cells. However, due to the small sample size it was not possible to associate the high expression of ACE1 on immune cells with inflammaging and immunosenescence. It would bring important information to correlate physiological parameters/health status with ACE1 expression and to find out whether age and associated chronic diseases could lead to increased ACE1 expression.

The COVID-19 point even tempting today, is too far from this study and unnecessary. Answer: Our point was to emphasize the negative impact of chronic diseases for the outcome of aging population during a viral infection and how ACE1/ACE2 expression could bring information to diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, we would like to maintain this piece of information.

Linguistic checking would improve the MS. Answer: We checked for possible linguistic mistakes

Reviewer, Heikki Vapaatalo:

I read with pleasure the very detailed answers to my comments.

I very warmly recommend acceptance of this MS for publications without any further notes.

Decision changed:

Verified manuscript: The content is scientifically sound, only minor amendments (if any) are suggested.

To: Reviewer: Calogero Caruso

Dear Prof.Caruso Thank you very much for the revision of this manuscript. It is a privilege to have a manuscript reviewed by a research with high expertise on the field of ageing. Please find the answers to your questions and in the main text the changes in bold.

Sincerely yours,

Valquiria Bueno

The paper is essentially anecdotal because it studies the cells of 6 subjects without any comparison with other age groups. There is also a serious limitation because beyond the age and sex there is no information on the donors (how and why they were recruited, what drugs they took, etc.).

It is really a limitation to have only 6 individuals for the study, but they were the only ones fitting in the proposal of the manuscript. The samples were from a central bank of cells at UNIFESP and participants were considered “healthy” but there was not further information in addition to what we displayed on the tables of the manuscript. They were not living on homecares or hospitalized.

Our aim was to evaluate samples from individuals aged 60-69 years previously to COVID-19 and/or vaccination. In addition, there were no samples in the same conditions (PBMCs, -80oC) of young individuals and using fresh blood could bring a result that could not be compared mainly regarding to myeloid cells and B cells as is follows in the below reference. Braudeau C, Salabert-Le Guen N, Chevreuil J, Rimbert M, Martin JC, Josien R. An easy and reliable whole blood freezing method for flow cytometry immuno-phenotyping and functional analyses. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 2021;100(6):652-665. doi: 10.1002/cyto.b.21994.

Our goal from now on is to expand this study with young and old adults samples since it is important to understand whether ageing is associated with an increase in ACE expression on immune cells.

-To infer that chronological and biological ages do not match is inappropriate in the absence of the above information.

This piece of information regarding chronological and biological age was required by another reviewer. I agree that the concept does not match without more information on the donors. However, the information is now referenced and should be considered when older adults are studied. Vasto S, Scapagnini G, Bulati M, Candore G, Castiglia L, Colonna-Romano G, Lio D, Nuzzo D, Pellicano M, Rizzo C, Ferrara N, Caruso C. Biomarkes of aging. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2010;2(2):392-402. doi: 10.2741/s72. PMID: 20036955.

-However, the paper is of some interest because there are few studies on the topic.

Thanks for this positive comment. Few studies on the topic was the reason why we decided to send the manuscript for publication even though there were some important information on the donors missing and limited number of individuals.

Essential revisions that are required to verify the manuscript

1) Although we do not have data on donors, placing an age and gender column in all tables adds a minimum of useful information for the reader.

The first table submitted with age, but for requirement of MedRxiv, gender and age could no be linked to the metabolic results to preserve the anonymity of the donors.

2) Inflamm-ageing means low grade of inflammation. The value of CRP 23.1 suggests acute inflammation (also because albumin has high values, while in chronic inflammation its values decrease). Therefore the Ly averages do not have to take this subject into account.

Thank you for this comment. In a review of literature it was found an article (below) with CRP variation from 0.1 to 19.8 (Heumann Z, Youssim I, Kizony R, Friedlander Y, Shochat T, Weiss R, Hochner H, Agmon M. The Relationships of Fibrinogen and C-Reactive Protein With Gait Performance: A 20-Year Longitudinal Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022;14:761948. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.761948). There is also an article from your group showing CRPs <5g/dL and >5g/dL (Cancemi P, Aiello A, Accardi G, Caldarella R, Candore G, Caruso C, Ciaccio M, Cristaldi L, Di Gaudio F, Siino V, Vasto S. The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in Ageing and Longevity: Focus on Sicilian Long-Living Individuals (LLIs). Mediators Inflamm 2020;2020:8635158. doi: 10.1155/2020/8635158) that will be used to discuss how ageing impacts CRP levels. Considering the already small number of donors, data were maintained and statistics (mean + SD) with and without 23.1 mg/dL are now shown.

This will be the new version (discussion) about CRP Carlsson’s study [22] found that CRP value was 2.6 with a coefficient variation of 1.4% whereas in our study, it was observed higher values of CRP in 5 out of 6 individuals. In addition, it was shown by Cancemi et al. in an evaluation of individuals from 40 years to older than 95 years (long-living) that CRP increases in an age-dependent manner. Increased CRP levels has been associated with low grade of chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and our findings show that the studied population has changes in functional parameters which are likely associated with an inflammatory profile. [24] However, an individual presented CPR 23.1 mg/dL suggesting acute inflammation instead, but as all donors were not hospitalized or living on homecares, this sample was considered as part of the study. Another study evaluating gait speed found CRPs varying from 0.1 to 19.8mg/dL (Front Aging Neurosci 2022;14:761948.). Our study has an important limitation that is the lack of data on donors such as the use of continuous medicaments or sarcopenia, hypertension, cognition, among others, and thus it was not possible to correlate CRP with age-related conditions.

Table 1. Updated

Other suggestions to improve the manuscript The authors write that their findings suggest that ACE1 could play a role in several processes linked to aging including the generation and activation of autoimmune cells, due to the experimental evidence that inhibitors of ACE suppress the autoimmune process in a number of autoimmune diseases such as EAE, arthritis, autoimmune myocarditis. [49] They do not appear to have these findings in their paper. So, it needs to change the sentence.

Sentence changed to: According to experimental evidence, ACE inhibitors suppress the autoimmune process in a number of autoimmune diseases such as EAE, arthritis, autoimmune myocarditis. [49] Extrapolating these findings to our results, it is possible to suggest that ACE1 play a role in several processes linked to aging including the generation and activation of autoimmune cells.

Rviewer: Calogero Caruso

Decision changed:

Verified manuscript: The content is scientifically sound, only minor amendments (if any) are suggested.

Pioneer in learning sciences too!

World Health Organization

This does make me wonder again, how much of this particular book might be found in various forms on Forte's website, much of which is behind a paywall at $10 a month or $100 a year?

It's become more common in the past decades for writers to turn their blogs into books and then use their platform to sell those books.

I second this statement. Description that sheds light on the personal relationship between the object and the creator creates an exclusive value to the object. Uncle Tom's Cabin Vase surely is not the only masterpieace created during the anti-slavery movements, so what makes it stand out can only boil down to the specific situation that inspired the creator to give birth to the it.

The author uses excitement to grab your attention

This is an apropos question. It is also somewhat contingent on what sort of platform the author "owns" to be able to do outreach and drive readers and participation.

http://boffosockobooks.com/books/authors/henry-james-korn/the-pontoon-manifesto/

link to: - https://hypothes.is/a/peuV1MBBEeyz03uCkPkBqA

In his book Roland Barthes par (by) Roland Barthes, Barthes reproduces three of his index cards in facsimile. The text doesn't comment or even allude to them, they're presented only with the captions "Reversal: of scholarly origin, the note follows the various twists and turns of movement." "...outside...", and "...or at a desk".

In this setting, the card index proves itself the most direct co-author as it physically appears in Barthes' autobiography!

The simple card index can serve a number of functions including as an archive, a mnemonic device, a teacher, an organizational tool, a composition device, a creativity engine, and an authorship tool.

Singh Chawla, D. (2022). Massive open index of scholarly papers launches. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00138-y

所以不用担心全局的Model内容过多导致渲染过慢。

My personality and writings will be different

• whenever i teach, i am different than before I start
• whenever I write or think, My dream and heritage writes me

Perhaps better would be stipulations in the contract that incentivize authors to leverage their platforms in the form of bonuses while removing the advance money in lieu. Make the author part of the promotion, which has been part of the movement in publishing for the last decade.

This seems like common sense to me, why hasn't the industry grokked it?

Poem XII's authorship is unknown. It was later published in a collection of Thomas Deloney's work, but Deloney's collections often contained the work of other poets. Hallett Smith has suggested that this poem out of the whole collection appears to readers as the most Shakespearean.

This professor and the university probably helped with money and other research problems.

There is only one author and her credentials are listed below her name. She is from Australia and studies gender and cultural studies at the University of Sydney.

"Brand" is bullshit.

Using their platform to build your own platform apparently isn't kosher any more?

Sorry to hear this Dan, but I might be able to help in terms of providing some perspective for moving forward.

These days the idea of bestseller means selling in the range of 10,000 books. The average book released these days sells only 250 copies, so if you're over that, you're doing well.

It's also incredibly uncommon for any publishers to put any serious money behind promoting their titles unless PR opportunities are falling off the trees for them. (This means that unless you've been selling a million copies of everything you write, they probably don't care.) Many publishers will assign you a pro-forma publicist to help when they can, but don't expect much from them. Most publishers will tell you to hire your own book publicist (usually for about $1,500-3,000 a month).

My guess is that the first run of your book was probably 1,000 to 2,000 books, which will bring the cost of raw printing down to $2 a copy. If you need copies of your book and they're remaindering them, you might offer the publisher $1-2 a copy plus shipping to get 50 or 100 copies for yourself for hand sales over the next decade (for speaking engagements, etc.) or selling a few copies from your own stash on platforms like Amazon, Abebooks, Alibris, etc. The cost of keeping a book in print these days is usually around $12 a year and then they print them on demand.

Some of the methods you mentioned, talks, online readings, etc. can be useful marketing for both you and your book(s). Look around your local community/state for book events, fairs, bookstores that invite authors, etc to supplement this.

Depending on your next title, it might be worth hiring a publicist if you're going the route of a text accessible to a broader public.Often this can be a reasonable risk but getting copies into reviewers' hands can be helpful, as can radio or print appearances. Another option is to pay for adds in appropriate print magazine outlets related to your material.

It's an uphill slog, but getting a publisher to take most of the risk and offering you all the free amenities of editing, proofreading, typesetting and distribution can be worth it in the end to get your material out.

When choosing your next publisher/editor, have a bit of this conversation with them at the outset to see what expectations they have for themselves. Don't tip your hand though by letting them know prior sales numbers.

Since you've got your own website/newsletter/social media presence, you should also look into affiliate accounts with the bigger online platforms. Chances are you're actually selling most of your own copies, you may as well get a 4% or larger cut of the referrals you're giving. Your link on this page alone could give you a reasonable little return on top of the boilerplate 7% you're probably getting from the publisher.

This is an important data point. Almost no one is putting any value on editing and other institutional support that outlets provide. Some writers can see at least a little bit of the future.

This has always been the case, especially in Hollywood. The problem becomes that everyone thinks they can become rich and famous too. Talent shows like American Idol show us that this is rarely the case. Building a platform for oneself is not an easy thing to do, even if you've got the talent.

Ester Gea-Mallorquí is co-corresponding author, email: ester.gea-mallorqui@ndm.ox.ac.uk

Corresponding email: ester.gea-mallorqui@ndm.ox.ac.uk