Good instructional design is based on the industry-standard Instructional System Design (ISD) model. The ISD model comprises five stages—analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation—and is a systems approach to instructional design in that it views “human organizations and activities as systems in which inputs, outputs, processes (throughputs), and feedback and control elements are the salient features.”

Instmctional systen1S design (IS D ) is the process for creating instructional sys­tems. It is both systematic and scientific in that it is d ocume ntable , replicable in its general application, and leads to predictable outcomes