The target audience is teachers in psychology and similar social sciences. The authors encouraged using the learner-centered model of instruction and conveying this information in the syllabus. The principles discussed in the text may not generalize to the traditional course structure and content found in other disciplines. The author moves from theoretical characteristics of learner-centered education to the applications in conveying this information in course syllabi. Each syllabus was assessed wtih a modified rubric from an established measure. The structure is organized by the three research questions.

The syllabi from Project Syllabi were disproportionally learner-centered. There may be selection bias for the inclusion of teacher-centered syllabi in the Project Syllabus repositiory. The learning objectives have likely changed from 1999 to present. Longer syllabi are associated with learner-centered design, though it may be the tone and discussion of the course content in the syllabus that makes the course appear to be learner-centered.

The theoretical explanation for learner-centered teaching practices should guide the measurement and assessment of these teaching methods; see Habanek (2005), DiClementi and Handelsman (2005), and Saville, Zinn, Brown, and Marchuk (2010).

Chickering and Gamson's seven principles were the foundation for learner-centered education (1987).

1. Encouraging faculty/student contact
2. Developing reciprocity and cooperation among students
3. Using active learning strategies
4. Offering rapid feedback
5. Emphasizing time on task
6. Communicating high expectations
7. Respecting diverse talents and ways of learning

Habanek's (2005) descriptive study of learner-centered syllabus design.

A course syllabus is a mechanism for communication of expectations for tasks and student engagement in the course.

Definition of learner-centered syllabus. e.g., O’Brian, Millis, & Cohen,2008; Richmond, 2016). According to Diamond (1997)

Summary of the literature in the role of the course syllabus in forming students' perceptions of their instructor. A course syllabus is an ambassador for the instructor.

stages of personalized learning: infographic This is here because it shows the progression of personalized learning from teacher centered to learner center to learner driven. It has other links to learn more about personalized learning. Usability for the article is adequate but less than ideal for the infographic (which nonetheless has useful information).

Not totally on board with this. Perhaps if "learner" role can be filled with student or instructor.