il faut enfin dépasser l'opposition traditionnelle entre la proche matérialiste de de la pénalité qui 00:56:41 descend de marx qui voit dans le système de justice pénale un instrument de contrôle et la proche symbolique qui nous vient de durkheim pour qui le système de justice pénale est un moyen de communication et d'expression des 00:56:53 émotions collectives et il faut tenir ensemble les fonctions d'un instrumental et expressive du châtiment

He believed that anomie is common when the surrounding society has undergone significant changes in its economic fortunes, whether for better or for worse and, more generally, when there is a significant discrepancy between the ideological theories and values commonly professed and what was actually achievable in everyday life. This was contrary to previous theories on suicide which generally maintained that suicide was precipitated by negative events in a person's life and their subsequent depression.