“The mRNA molecule is vulnerable to destruction. So, in order to protect the fragile mRNA strands while they are being inserted into our DNA they are coated with PEGylated lipid nanoparticles. This coating hides the mRNA from our immune system which ordinarily would kill any foreign material injected into the body. PEGylated lipid nanoparticles have been used in several different drugs for years. Because of their effect on immune system balance, several studies have shown them to induce allergies and autoimmune diseases. Additionally, PEGylated lipid nanoparticles have been shown to trigger their own immune reactions, and to cause damage to the liver.”

. Although site-specific conjugation strategies have been developed that improve the yield and specificity of the conjugation site5,6, issues remain with the cost and intrinsic heterogeneity of the PEG itself7.

Renally cleared PEGylated proteins or their metabolites may accumu-late in the kidney, causing formation of PEG hydrates that interfere with normal glomerular filtration. In addition, animals and humans can be induced to make antibodies to PEG9,10