13 Matching Annotations
  1. May 2025
    1. GENERAL METHODS

      Report about study participants and details about visual stimuli, rivalry task, and perceptual selection measure implemented in the study. "Catch trials" were used to control for response bias, and eye-dominance was measured so that participants with >85% dominance of one eye could be excluded.

    2. .

      The study hypothesizes that predictive neural activity influences perceptual selection of visual stimuli. If true, selection of stimuli in multistable perception should bias according to what the brain expects from prior experiences. The results of the study provide support for this idea.

    3. INTRODUCTION

      Prior knowledge about or exposure to visual stimuli influences how they will be perceived in the future. The brain perpetually makes predictions about incoming sensory information, but the effect of predictive neural activity on perception of ambiguous stimuli is not known. Research suggests that cuing or priming a particular stimulus (predictive context) prior to binocular rivalry or ambiguous motion tasks will bias perceptual selection of that stimulus during those tasks. binocular rivalry is ideal for studying the effect of predictive context on perceptual selection, because it forces the brain to make a decision between competing inputs. This study used a novel binocular rivalry paradigm to test how expectations shaped by prior stimuli influence which percept is selected. It was found that the brain areas which contribute to perceptual selection during binocular rivalry generate predictive signals, indicating that our brains use prior sensory information to generate perceptual experience.

  2. Oct 2024
    1. .

      NCC can refer to content-specific NCC or full NCC.

    2. .

      In behavioral paradigms, consciousness is evaluated using verbal reports or physical responses indicating the perception of a presented stimulus. The accuracy of these reports/responses is unreliable when said stimuli are dubiously perceptible, because it is hard to tell whether the subject actually perceived the stimulus or simply guessed its position correctly. Forced-choice procedures can determine the subject's objective awareness of the stimulus by minimizing their subjective bias.

    3. .

      Some paradigms evaluate consciousness via subjects rating the extent to which they perceived a presented stimulus, as well as their confidence regarding the accuracy of that perceptual judgment. Such methods minimize inconsistencies between subjective and objective consciousness measures.

    4. .

      Clinically, consciousness is measured via a subject's behavioral responses, but their absence does not necessarily imply a lack thereof (as with minimally conscious subjects). A subject's level of consciousness (auditory, visual, verbal, motor) is typically rated using standardized scales.

    5. .

      Consciousness relies on proper functioning of midline brain structures, and specific experiences are related to particular neuronal activity in the cerebral cortex. Research on the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) relates behavioral correlates of consciousness to underlying neural mechanisms. Evidence from no-report paradigms suggests that the NCC may be restricted to a posterior cortical hot zone rather than generalized to a broad frontoparietal network (as was previously thought).

    6. .

      Consciousness is essentially phenomenological experience (seeing, hearing, thinking, feeling). It persists during dreams, and ceases during dreamless sleep. The neurophysiological origin of consciousness is an open question in philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience.

  3. Sep 2024
    1. summary

      Speaking of summaries, AI worse than humans at summaries studies show.

      Succinct reason why by David Chisnall:

      LLMs are good at transforms that have the same shape as ones that appear in their training data. They're fairly good, for example, at generating comments from code because code follows common structures and naming conventions that are mirrored in the comments (with totally different shapes of text).

      In contrast, summarisation is tightly coupled to meaning. Summarisation is not just about making text shorter, it's about discarding things that don't contribute to the overall point and combining related things. This is a problem that requires understanding the material, because it's all about making value judgements.

  4. Apr 2022
    1. An initial stage of annotation might be provided bya professional reader hired to add aids to reading for the owner, including espe-cially mnemonic or meditative aids, or enhancements to the layout, but alsooccasionally self-reflexive or potentially dissenting observations.24 A successionof owner-readers could then add further corrections and comments.

      Stages of annotation in the medieval period


      When is Hypothes.is going to branch out into the business of professional readers to add aids to texts?! :)

      Link this to the professional summary industry that reads books and summarizes them for busy executives

      Link this to the annotations studied by Owen Gingerich in The Book Nobody Read.

  5. Mar 2021
    1. Visualise written content into a more dynamic way. Many people, some neurodivergent folks especially, benefit from information being distilled into diagrams, comics, or less word-dense formats. Visuals can also benefit people who might not read/understand the language you wrote it in. They can also be an effective lead-in to your long-form from visually-driven avenues like Pinterest or Instagram.

      This is also a great exercise for readers and learners. If the book doesn't do this for you already, spend some time to annotate it or do it yourself.

  6. Oct 2020
    1. But thirdly, and most valuably, the template gives you a big space at the bottom to write sentences that summarise the page.  That is, you start writing your critical response on the notes themselves.

      I do much this same thing, however, I'm typically doing it using Hypothes.is to annotate and highlight. These pieces go back to my own website where I can keep, categorize, and even later search them. If I like, I'll often do these sorts of summaries on related posts themselves (usually before I post them publicly if that's something I'm planning on doing for a particular piece.)