In Billy Collins’ commencement address it is clear that the tone in which his genre is written/spoken is due to his audience and the purpose for them.

While they are very different subjects the audience, purpose and genre need to be connected to produce a successful piece of writing.

“Poet Laureate Billy Collins Gives Brilliand and Witty Commencement Address at Colorado College, 2008.” Six Rules of Success | Graduation Speech 2009 | Arnold Schwarzenegger, www.graduationwisdom.com/speeches/0135-Billy-Collins-Gives-Brilliant-Witty-Commencement-Speech-Address-At-Colorado-College-2008.htm. “Lift Off.” Harvard Graduate School of Education, www.gse.harvard.edu/news/16/05/lift. https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/documents/Letter_Birmingham_Jail.pdf

fter revising my essay I chose to make my intro sentences in my body paragraphs a bit more specific on what my main idea was going to be.

how it is perceive

writers choice

Giving her audience a wide range of possibilities, similar to King’s.

so that other people in her situation, experiencing the same things as her- would not feel alone. Yet she is also equally writing for those who are ignorant to the problems she faces on a daily basis and would not understand.

This story

The purpose of a commencement address is to inspire their group, it is a final farewell and send off into the world- ideally leaving listeners with hope for the journey they are about to embark on.

He grabbed the attention of his audience with his rhythmic sentences and repetition. Spoken word poems and slam poetry are not new but have become increasingly more popular in recent past years. This was a creative and modern way to address his audience of graduating college students from Harvard, the majority of which would be in their late twenties.

s audience

A letter holds a connotation of being personal

Who had been urging him to stop protesting.

Writing being “the best” is objective,

Bass, Jonathan. “Letter from Birmingham Jail.” Encyclopedia of Alabama, 2014, www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-1389. Ali-Dinar, Ali. “Letter from Birmingham Jail.” Letter from a Birmingham Jail [King, Jr.], www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/Letter_Birmingham.html.

(Bass, 2014).

the purpose is the deeper meaning

whomever is reading

“Lift Off.” Harvard Graduate School of Education, 2016, www.gse.harvard.edu/news/16/05/lift.

I needed to make a much clearer definition of the terms, I had mentioned them thoroughly throughout my essay but had not given them my own clear definition. I also had to go deeper into the Anzaldua paragraph because as my partner pointer out, it had seemed more like a summary rather than an analysis.

Along with letting students open themselves to education so they can see the bright poetical they all possess.

he audience he wanted to reach being not just Livingston’s fellow students, but the educators surrounding them.

Donovan Livingston a graduating student from Harvard gave a

you don’t realize

Anzaldua purpose

purpose was to help others

ust as Kings had written his piece to an audience who were against him as well with fighting for people experiencing the same such as Anzaldua did.

Kings voice

Such as Martin Luther King “Letter from Birmingham Jail” he decides the genre of his writing would be a letter to his chosen audience of the eight clergymen which King wrote from inside his jail cell.

you must know

People, no matter what they are writing there are multiple components that are important pieces of any type of writing having a target audience knowing as the writer who you want to communicate to be important

King, Martin Luther, “Letter From Birmingham Jail.” Web.edu, Aug. 1963, https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/documents/Letter_Birmingham_Jail.pdf   Livingston, Donovan, Spoken Word Commencement Address at Harvard, 26 May 2016, http://www.graduationwisdom.com/speeches/0211-Donovan-Livingston-Graduation-Speech.htm   Anzaldua, Gloria, “How To Tame A Wild Tongue” by Gloria Anzaldua, http://www.everettsd.org/cms/lib07/WA01920133/Centricity/Domain/965/Anzaldua-Wild-Tongue.p

All with different methods but all with common, but at the same time uncommon strengths.

in there own

would be a book.

dealt with the same things she was going through, being made fun of for speaking differently, for just being herself

 Anzalduas audience

might also add in some personal experiences to engage the audience

Billy Collins

who is outside of Africa, all of the different countries and especially targeting more towards the United States.

is a presentation.

Every 60 seconds in Africa

ecause you need to alter your writing to fit the people you’re going to be writing for, it needs to be simple enough if you are going to be writing for a younger audience or you may want to make it more challenging or professional if it is for an older crowd.

Knowing your

Literary work which is either fiction or nonfiction.

The purpose in writing is the message

“Every 60 Seconds in Africa…” PechaKucha 20×20, www.pechakucha.org/presentations/every-60-seconds-in-africa-dot-dot-dot. Anzaldua, Gloria. “How to Tame a Wild Tongue.” Everettsd.org, www.everettsd.org/cms/lib07/WA01920133/Centricity/Domain/965/Anzaldua-Wild-Tongue.pdf. Aggad Clerx, Faten. “Every 60 Seconds in Africa…” PechaKucha 20×20, 29 Feb. 2016, www.pechakucha.org/presentations/every-60-seconds-in-africa-dot-dot-dot.

When drafting and revising, I took my partners advice and made all the changes

It is evident in Kings speech that he is aware of his audience. This is shown through his respectful diction and mention of the apostles (King pg.1). King writes with passion and emotion, seen through the repetition of “when” (King pg.6) as he describes examples of injustice he has witnessed

her audience

Since the genre of a Pecha Kucha presentation requires twenty slides each twenty seconds long, she must be precise and quick

 It is clear that she is aware of who her audience is and understands how to convey her message to them.

Anzaldua’s purpose is to inform people to continue to speak their language and learn as much as they can no matter who tries to silence them

Gloria Anzalduas “How to Tame a Wild Tongue” her audience

There are many strategies and methods that go into good writing. These include rhetorical situation which focuses on the importance of genre, audience and purpose. It Is important for a writer to understand these terms in order to create an effective piece of writing. Every writer must begin with a purpose. Why are they writing? Is it to persuade, inform, entertain, etc. Once they have established their purpose, they may move onto genre. A genre is a type of writing that requires particular moves (Writing in the Works pg.3). Each genre follows a pattern and comes with a set of readers who enjoy the genre. A writer must know whom their group of readers or audience is. The audience is a specific group, in which the writer intends to speak to. Once an understanding of this is gathered the writer can begin writing effectively. The following are examples of writing that acknowledges these three terms.

in which the writer intends to speak to

King, Martin Luther Jr. “Letter from Birmingham Jail”. 16. April.1963.web 22. Sept.2012

Did I need better transitions between paragraphs

I chose to first define the terms at the beginning and then went through each source and connected the three terms with examples of how they were used in that specific source.

The essay format was very similar

the Harvard Graduates and Teachers.

Which was successful because she used images to show what is really going on in every other country

was a Pecha Kucha Presentation.

Her purpose of this presentation is to change the image

The audience that she is speaking to is the media

Next, I would like to discuss the Pecha Kucha Presentation “Every 60 seconds in Africa” from Pecha Kucha Night Maastricht Volume 29 by Faten Agad-Clerx

Martin Luther King Jr.

Proven by this quote “We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed”.

Also, that they must be challenged in a non-violent manner, and to explain to them why he was protesting and that these protests were justified. 

His purpose of writing this letter from Birmingham jail was to persuade these eight white clergymen that laws of segregation were unjust

Which shows that it is special.

The genre Martin Luther King Jr. Chose to get his point across is a hand-written letter. I believe his reasoning for using this genre is because a letter is more personal.

he audience that this letter is intended for is eight white clergymen who didn’t agree with him and questioned his actions at Birmingham

Let’s talk about Martin Luther King Jr

To pick the right genre, which is the text we are writing, we have to figure out our purpose, which is what we are trying to accomplish. We then need to predict our audience, which is who we are writing for or to. Our voice is how we want to sound to our audience and our design is how we want it to look to our audience. With all these choices in mind, we can build a successful piece of writing.

is what you want to communicate and to whom. 

what you want

A Rhetorical situation

Martin Luther King Jr. “Letter from Birmingham Jail”, April 16, 1963, web.cn.edu/kwheeler/documents/Letter_Birmingham_Jail.pdf Aggad-Clerx, Faten. “Every 60 Seconds in Africa…” PechaKucha 20×20, 27 May 2016, www.pechakucha.org/presentations/every-60-seconds-in-africa-dot-dot-dot Donovan Livingston, Spoken Word Commencement Address, “Lift off”, at Harvard, May 25, 2016, www.facebook.com/HarvardEducation/videos/10153893399331387

I also decided to fix my introduction because it was repetitive and lacked better transitional words.

you must

The purpose of her writing like Livingston was to motivate peers with her stories to reach out and express themselves

audience that Anzaldua is trying to reach could either be viewed as the people who were against her or the people who are for her. Anzaldua’s audience is the people she is trying to make feel her words it is the people who also feel this way and are bilingual.

auto-biography type of letter

Livingston is trying to create motivation for his peers to continue to chase their dreams as they leave the place they just were.

The audience that Livingston is trying to reach is his peers who are the future teachers a

his piece is a speech

Next, I will elaborate on Donovan Livingston’s Commencement speech at Harvard.

in his letter

The purpose of King’s letter was

his non violent approach

 I came across your recent statement calling our present activities “unwise and untimely” seldom, if ever, do I pause to answer criticism of my work and ideas”(King 1-2).

e eight clergymen about civil rights

First, I will elaborate on Martin Luther King Jr’s. “Letter from Birmingham Jail”.

Genre, Audience, and purpose are all very important puzzle pieces to writing. Genre is a category characterized by similarities in the writing or other forms of work. Audience is the assembled spectators to view the play, movie, etc or the people who the piece of writing is aimed towards. Lastly, purpose is the reason for which something is done or created. Tying all of these key writing pieces together makes for a very intuitive read.

ing , Martin Luther. “Letter from Birmingham Jail 1.” Web.edu, Aug. 1963, web.cn.edu/kwheeler/documents/Letter_Birmingham_Jail.pdf. Livingston, Donovan. “Lift Off.” Harvard Graduate School of Education, 26 May 2016, 4:40 pm, www.gse.harvard.edu/news/16/05/lift.

Anzaldua, Gloria. “‘How to Tame a Wild Tongue’ by Gloria Anzaldua, English Homework Help.” Best Custom Writing Services | Best Paper Writing Service | My Research Paper Help, 15 July 2017, www.myresearchpaperhelp.com/how-to-tame-a-wild-tongue-by-gloria-anzaldua-english-homework-help/.

more transitions w

More specifically I chose to place paragraphs in different places where they made more sense

Lastly, getting enough sleep is a huge help causing you to be more alert which reduces stress because we don’t have to exert ourselves to pay attention.

Anzaldua, Gloria. How To Tame A Wild Tongue. Collins, Billy. “Poet Laureate Billy Collins Gives Brilliand and Witty Commencement Address at Colorado College, 2008.” Six Rules of Success | Graduation Speech 2009 | Arnold Schwarzenegger, www.graduationwisdom.com/speeches/0135-Billy-Collins-Gives-Brilliant-Witty-Commencement-Speech-Address-At-Colorado-College-2008.htm. Livingston, HarvardEducation. “Donovan Livingston’s Harvard Graduate School of Education Student Speech.” YouTube, YouTube, 25 May 2016, www.youtube.com/watch?v=9XGUpKITeJM.

Genre, audience, and purpose is important

Anzaldua’s story

to spread awareness

Therefore, writing without a purpose is like walking on a treadmill.

Livingston’s audience when delivering his spoken word commencement address was the graduating students and their loved ones. This was established because he started his speech by saying “Greetings, friends, family, faculty, staff, alumni, and the illustrious class of 2016.”

you are

Collins” was aware that his audience was eager to leave and because of that his speech was short and precise.

He further stated,

peoples attention.

ollins’ genre when delivering his speech was poetry. You could say the genre is also inspirational because his job, when giving a commencement address

Genre to me, is just simply a topic.

articular rhetorical moves.”

, page three,

Mitch Album’s “Tuesdays with Morrie” is where I developed my definition of good writing.

She informs readers

who has doubted Africa

is purpose of writing to

His audience is straight forward because he writes directly to the men to explain how he feels things should be handled.

wrote a hateful

Martin Luther King’s “Letter From Burmingham Jail” is directed toward the eight clergymen of office.

She is looking for people who have been through a time where they were forced to change something about themselves in order to fit in.

why you are writing about the topic you chose, what does this topic mean to you, and why you want people to listen to what you’re saying.

you must

inform them about something of which they are passionate.

Although it is unclear who her audience is

There is not future is what Collins is trying to get at. “And that leaves the present, that elusive moment where everything takes place but is moving too fast to actually apprehend.” (Poet Laureate…). He is saying that time goes by fast. People are so worried about the future that they don’t take the time to enjoy the now. He made this his purpose because when people graduate they usually think about their future and what comes next. He knew that they could relate and maybe that his words would change how people live.

Poet Laureate…

to try and make the graduates understand.

“As educators, rather than raising your voice over the rustling of our chains, take them off. Un-cuff us.” (Livingston). He wants teachers to stop limiting children and instead encourage them, let them use their imagination

His purpose was to change the way teachers teach.

This means that his audience was educators,

Every writer has to make decisions based on the rhetorical situation. The rhetorical situation consists of an audience, genre, and purpose. A writer must think about these categories to create a successful writing. In the works of Billy Collins, Donavan Livingstons, and Pecha Kucha they all understand how use the rhetorical situation. Knowing how to correctly follow the rhetorical situation leads to successful works. One step in the rhetorical situation is genre. Genre is the different types of writing/works. Each genre comes with its own sets of rules. “Which genre is the right one for the story you want to tell” (Blau and Burak). The author will have to know their audience and purpose to pick a genre. The writer then has to figure out which way is the most efficient for them. Once a writer picks a good genre for their audience it leads to getting the purpose across easier. Another step of a rhetorical situation is purpose. The purpose is what the writing or work is supposed to tell you. Purpose is the why. It is supposed to tell something, report on something, review something, or argue something. In the textbook they refer to the main purpose as the ‘big idea” (Blau and Burak). The “big idea” is considered based on the type of writing as the thesis, theme, content, claim or interpretation. A reader should be able to easily figure out what the purpose is. The next part of a rhetorical situation is audience. Audience is whom the work is intended for. A writer must keep their audience engaged. As the textbook states you have to consider “who they are? What will draw them in? what will make them come back for more?” (Blau and Burak). The writer must know their audience to complete their work. Knowing their audience helps writers choose how they say things and what to say. Writers must know their audience to get their story across. The steps of a rhetorical situation are like blocks, you need them all to build a successful writing. A writer must know their audience and purpose to choose the genre. They then pick a genre that will keep the audience engaged. They also need to know their audience in order to have a purpose and present it in a way that the audience can understand. You need all these steps to get to the best work.

they refer

Purpose is the why

to tell you

“Every 60 Seconds in Africa…” PechaKucha 20×20, www.pechakucha.org/presentations/every-60-seconds-in-africa-dot-dot-dot. Livingston, Donovan. “Lift Off.” Harvard Graduate School of Education, 25 May          2018, 4:40pm, www.gse.harvard.edu/news/16/05/lift. “Poet Laureate Billy Collins Gives Brilliand and Witty Commencement Address at  Colorado College, 2008.” Six Rules of Success | Graduation Speech 2009 |      Arnold Schwarzenegger, 3 Oct. 13AD, www.graduationwisdom.com/speeches/0135-Billy-Collins-Gives-Brilliant-Witty-Commencement-Speech-Address-At-Colora

I also added to some paragraphs that could’ve used more information.

These recipients are eight white religious leaders in the south. Martin Luther wrote in the genre of a letter, this gives him the personal and direct connection to the recipients of the letter.

Letter from Birmingham Jail

Livingston forms a connection with the audience by using the analogy of students and astrology. “I’ve been a Black hole in the classroom for far too long;Absorbing everything, without allowing my light escape.But those days are done. I belong among the stars.And so do you”.

his graduating class

Donovan Livingston spoke to a graduating class at Harvard, he went another path though.

Anazaldua tells the audience about her growing up and being ridiculed for speaking English and speaking Spanish at certain times

he wrote in an essay format

hey describe genre as a type of writing that requires particular rhetorical moves(3)

Writing in the Works

What is the purpose or context of our work? Who are we writing for? What is the tone I should be writing in?

you got to know

Anzaldua, Gloria. “How to Tame a Wild Tongue”. 27 Sep. 2018. https://www.everettsd.org/cms/lib07/WA01920133/Centricity/Domain/965/Anzaldua-Wild-Tongue.pdf Blau, Susan and Kathryn Burak. Writing in the Works. Houghton Mifflin, 2007. Print. King, Martin Luther. “Letter from Birmingham Jail.” 27 Sep. 2018.https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/documents/Letter_Birmingham_Jail.pdf Livingston, Donovan. “Spoken Word Commencement” 27 Sep. 2018.

motivate immigrants who feel left

The genre of this work of literature is compassionate

signal the audience

he genre is sort of moving/serious, b

The next one is Donovan Livingston’s spoken word commencement speech

. Billy

He added humor into the mix by saying things like “you will experience pleasure 13 minutes from now when this speech is finally over, as all the pre law students check their watches” to change what would normally be a boring speech to an uplifting inspirational speech

His genre is a creative poetic style

illy Collins performed a speech at Colorado College on May 19, 2008. He was performing the speech to college graduate students

Blau,Susan,and Kthryn Burak.Wrintin in the works, Pg. (2-35).2016.print. Anzaldua,Gloria.How to Tame a Wild Tongue. LA Frontera.2016.Print. Collins Billy.commencement Address at Colorado college. May-19-2008. Livingston,Donavan.Spoken Word commencement address at Harvad.May-25-2016.

that’s who she was

is to her audience.

Livingston really reaches his audience with his poetry.

“Every 60 Seconds in Africa”, you see how Africa truly is an innovating place and has big cities with high populations. With the Pecha Kucha it shows pictures, which everyone finds interesting, and is not a long boring presentation considering they only have 20 seconds per 20 slides to get the point across to the audience.  

few stories

a short story

Just as Aggad-Clerx’s presentation of her message is compelling, so is Livingstons choice to present his work

“Every 60 Seconds in Africa” is a Pecha Kucha, which is a slideshow of 20 sides for 20 seconds each. T

How to Tame a Wild Tongue” is used to tell people how your language is a big part of you, also raising awareness about your language like Aggad-Clerx

Donovan Livingstons Commencement Address is being used to motivate and inspire

Every 60 Seconds in Africa” is used to raise awareness. To challenge us to change the stereotype that we have given Africa. As the speaker said “…the truth of the matter is that stereotypes sell.” (Aggad-Clerx). We look at Africa for having slums and poverty, lots of trees and animals. The reality is that Africa is a growing econom

Once you have your purpose you can start to think about the type of writing that would work best. You must make sure that your idea is clear and understanding for your audience, so they will not be confused as to what your purpose is.  

the message

Audience are the people

that your writing

The most important of them all

When reading, are the beginning of the paragraphs less repetitive?   

have never looked past the meaning of the writing but in this assignment, it was looking at the composition of the writing, which I have never been asked to analyze before. 

Aggad-Clerx, Faten. “Every 60 Seconds in Africa.” Pecha Kucha, vol 29, 27 May. 2016.  https://www.pechakucha.org/presentations/every-60-seconds-in-africa-dot-dot-dot  Anzaldúa, Gloria. “How to Tame a Wild Tongue.” everettsd,   https://www.everettsd.org/cms/lib07/WA01920133/Centricity/Domain/965/Anzaldua-Wild-Tongue.pdf  “Glossary of Poetic Terms: Spoken Word.” Poetry Foundation,   https://www.poetryfoundation.org/learn/glossary-terms/spoken-word  Livingston, Donovan. “Lift Off.” Harvard Graduate School of Education,   25 May. 2016. https://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/16/05/lift 

what it is really like to be from a different country

is white Americans

Livingston’s purpose of his speech was to inspire the graduates.

be comet’s,

the graduates of Harvard

Another good example of writing that displays and connects genre, audience, and purpose is Donovan Livingston’s spoken word commencement address.

He tells a story of a young boy that made a lanyard at camp for his mother, Collin’s reflects on all that the mother has done for the young boy yet, all he has given her is a lanyard.

how you canno

Collin’s speech is not long, he said what he wanted to say while also keeping it short and sweet.

In Billy Collin’s Commencement address he

Genreis a specific type of writing with its own qualities. Different genres have different qualities or, guidelines that readers expect. A genre typically goes along with the purpose behind the work. The purposeof a piece of writing is what the author hopes his or, her work will do. The purpose could be to inform or, to argue a point to their audience. Audience is the group of people or, person that a work of writing was intended for. Audience, genre, and purpose are key components in a successful work of writing. Billy Collins’ Commencement Address, Donovan Livingston’s Spoken Word Commencement address, and Gloria Anzaldua’s How to tame a wild tongue, are all examples of successful work demonstrating the use of audience, genre, and purpose.

Tools such as genre, audience, and purpose.

Without the genre, there is no target audience for the writing, and with no audience there is no purpose to the writing. Which is why all successful writing is a specific genre with its own audience and purpose.

Although that does not seem to be the case at all.

he audience seems to be people like me, those who assume Africa is only villages, homeless kids, and people in terrible need.

Pecha Kucka (which is also the genre)

the Earth is

just cause she knew a different language also and others didn’t like that.

so this is obviously an auto-biography as the genre.

Being punished for just being yourself