Anatomical Neuropharmacology

t(27) = 0.41, p<0.05;

: t(27) = 2.66, p<0.05)

t(27) = 5.31, p<0.01)

t(44) = 3.10, p<0.05;

vs. t(72) = 3.07, p<0.05)

t(27) = 3.12, p<0.05)

t(55) = 2.02, p<0.05)

Corresponding author

References

t = 0.81,

t= 1.01,

t = 2.31,

References

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Groenewegen and Berendse, 1994;

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Mahon et al., 2004;

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Herkenham, 1979;

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Doig et al., 2010)

Smith et al., 2004;

Buchwald et al., 1973;

Yin and Knowlton, 2006)

Grillner et al., 2005;

Graybiel et al., 1994;

bstract

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This analysis revealed that the response to CL axon stimulation was consistently larger in amplitude than the response to Pf for both direct and indirect pathway MSNs (direct pathway: t(27) = 1.98, p<0.05).

Secondly, the cortical response recovers more quickly than the thalamic response after both 10 Hz and 20 Hz stimulation (ratio of response to first pulse: 10 Hz; cortical 0.87 ± 0.05, vs. thalamic 0.57 ± 0.05, 20 Hz; cortical, 0.90 ± 0.12 vs. t(72) = 3.07, p<0.05).

We found that the paired-pulse ratio (PPR) for afferents from CL are facilitating (t(55) = 2.02, p<0.05), whereas those from Pf are depressing (t(27) = 3.12, p<0.05).

We found that CL synapses are dominated by AMPA receptor-mediated currents, whereas Pf synapses are dominated by NMDA receptor-mediated currents (t(27) = 5.31, p<0.01).

Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the response to CL axon stimulation was larger in amplitude on direct pathway neurons (direct pathway: t(27) = 1.99, p<0.05; Table 1).

Cortical synapses exhibit an NMDA/AMPA ratio in between those of CL and Pf synapses and dominated by NMDA receptor-mediated currents (mean NMDA/AMPA ratio for cortical: t(27) = 2.66, p<0.05).

However, the same protocol applied to CL synapses did not lead to any change in the amplitude of evoked EPSPs (t(27) = 0.41, p<0.05; Figure 5A).

The average amplitude of response following CL axon stimulation was 66.3 ± 13.5 pA (stim strength; 450 mW; n = 16), whereas those following Pf axon stimulation were significantly smaller at 30.7 ± 4.1 pA (stim strength: 980 mW; t = 0.81, p<0.05).

The Pf response is significantly depressing following both the 10 and 20 Hz trains and the rate of recovery was the least of all three responses (t(44) = 3.10, p<0.05; Figure 3B).

Whereas all responses depress eventually, only the responses of CL inputs are facilitating for the first few spikes during both 10 and 20 Hz stimulation CL (t(72) = 1.73, p<0.05;

We found that the EPSC properties for CL and Pf synapses using this stimulation strength are remarkably similar, with some small differences in that CL EPSCs were larger in amplitude (t = 2.31, p<0.05) and Pf EPSCs slightly longer in duration (t= 1.01, p=0.02).

Figure 1A,

Acknowledgements and funding

t = 2.31,

Introduction

t(72) = 1.73, p<0.05;

: t(27) = 1.99, p<0.05;

: t(27) = 1.98, p<0.05)

bstract

Figure 4: NMDA / AMPA receptor ratio at CL, Pf and cortical synapses on MSNs Postsynaptic excitatory currents were recorded from MSN held at +40 mV to reveal both AMPA receptor and NMDA receptor-mediated currents or just AMPA receptor-mediated currents in the presence of d-AP5. Each excitatory input has a distinct ratio of currents mediated by either receptor type. CL synapses on MSNs exhibit predominant AMPA receptor-mediated currents. Pf synapses on MSNs exhibit predominant NMDA receptor-mediated currents. Cortical inputs similarly exhibit predominant NMDA receptor-mediated expression, but to a lesser degree than Pf. The histogram shows the mean (± SEM) NMDA/AMPA receptor ratio for each synapse. Sourced from some citation

Figure 5: Long term plasticity at Pf, but not CL, synapses

Figure 3: Dynamic properties of CL, Pf and cortical synapses on MSNs

Figure 2: The majority of MSNs receive both thalamic and cortical input

1: Localized transfection of thalamic neurons in the central lateral or parafascicular thalamic nucleus

Data Access

bstract

32%

30%

P. Bolam

P. Kossilo*

J. Harwood*

T. Ellender,

Abbreviated title

Figure 5A

Figure 3A

Figure 2B

Figure 1A,

Discussion

bstract

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