10,000 Matching Annotations
  1. Oct 2025
    1. More than 25% of the young adults surveyed in a recent study mistakenly believed that sexual activity increases older adults’ risk of heart attack and that disinterest in sex is a normal and inevitable part of aging.

      Why do so many young people think that sex is dangerous for older adults when it can actually be healthy for them.

    1. F2-Bark

      F2-Bark model: ・Main effect of speaker group and significant interactions:   1.Speaker group × speaking condition:    E–A bilinguals had higher F2-Bark than monolinguals in isolation.    Monolinguals showed higher F2-Bark in sentences, but E–A bilinguals showed the opposite (lower F2-Bark).

      2.Speaker group × language: ・E–A bilinguals had higher F2-Bark for Arabic /u/ than monolinguals. ・Within E–A bilinguals, Arabic /u/ had higher F2-Bark than English /ʊ/.

    2. Experimental manipulations

      ・Arabic /u/ showed a wider spread than English /ʊ/. ・Bilinguals’ Arabic /u/ had higher F1 and F2 than monolinguals — meaning the tongue was higher and more back.

    1. The Litany of Tarski is a template to remind oneself that beliefs should stem from reality, from what actually is, as opposed to what we want, or what would be convenient. For any statement X, the litany takes the form "If X, I desire to believe that X".Quoting The Meditation on Curiosity:If the box contains a diamond,I desire to believe that the box contains a diamond;If the box does not contain a diamond,I desire to believe that the box does not contain a diamond;Let me not become attached to beliefs I may not want.The name refers to Alfred Tarski, who sought to define what, exactly, "truth" means.

      To the extent that there are people in this movement really contributing meaningful material stuff to fund disease research and whatnot, and to the extent that intentional culture-formation is how you perpetuate values – they deserve better scriptures than this. Christ.

    1. This viewingmodality understands spontaneity to be equal to veracity and opposed toperformativity

      when beatrice and benedict are convinced the other is in love with them because they witness acts and conversations that are seemingly "spontaneous."

    2. Shakespeare’s textconstantly questions the trustworthiness of the “spontaneous” image

      when something observed is believed to be "spontaneous," people tend to be more inclined to trust what is happening. this is what the article describes as being a voyeur.

    1. Poorly thought out, inappropriate, or offensive messages on social media can have serious consequences. The article “How One Stupid Tweet Blew Up Justine Sacco’s Life” focuses on the story of a public relations professional who sent out, on her personal account, a tweet that was interpreted as being racist and insensitive (Ronson, 2015). Despite having only 170 Twitter followers, within hours her tweet became the number one worldwide trend on Twitter and received tens of thousands of angry responses. Sacco lost her job, had employees of a hotel threaten to strike if she stayed there, and received criticism from her family. Months after the incident, after being limited in where she could find employment, she was still under scrutiny for her career choices. She even found it challenging to date as people would look her up online and see the negative and controversial things that had been written about her.

      This passage shows how one post can have a serious real-life consequences and why thinking before posting is an importsnt part of digital citizenship.

  2. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. David Robson. The women with superhuman vision. BBC, February 2022. URL: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20140905-the-women-with-super-human-vision (visited on 2023-12-07).

      This article defines the condition of tetrachromacy. Tetrachromacy is a variation in a gene that is involved in the development of the retina, allowing people to see more colors than the average person.

    1. In this way of managing disabilities, the burden is put on the computer programmers and designers to detect and adapt to the disabled person.

      This is an interesting aspect to consider, as it points out that the burden is usually put on the person with a disability to conform to the standards society has created for them. They are often ostracized for not fitting in the way they are "supposed to" and then must pay a monetary sum or emotional cost to adhere to societal standards. Thinking about disabled individuals when designing items and tools for public use is extremely important.

    1. The latter annoys me: the assumption that the internet is a terrible place, a dark forest where all the good people and spirits have left the public sphere and are now hiding in private, cozy spaces.

      If I agree with this frustration it is probably because we don't have great ways of showing private-public on a spectrum. Something that is publicly available but not indexed is different from something that may be indexed, linked to, but does not appear on a recsys platform. Both are more public than a group chat, less "public" than an Instagram post.

    2. What I’m getting at: you wouldn’t believe anyone telling you that books are bad, so why believe people telling you that the internet is bad? Furthermore, even if the diagnosis is correct and the internet is a dark and terrible place, it is still not a prescription. To paraphrase David Graeber: “The ultimate, hidden truth of the internet is that it is something that we make, and could just as easily make differently.” Maybe we should stop publishing essays encouraging companies and people to divest from the open web and instead show how they could contribute to a rich and sprawling public internet.

      I don't think that's what those essays were doing! And if you believe we'd had a public internet whose riches were plundered, you might think we need to address the structural stuff there before emphasizing contribution

    1. AI algorithms can analyse dental images and patient records to provide more accurate diagnoses and personalized treatment plans. The use of AI in dental education also includes educational games and quizzes to test students' knowledge and improve information retention. AI-powered devices can monitor oral hygiene and provide personalized recommendations for maintaining good oral health. In addition, AI-powered virtual consultations can provide remote dental care, making it easier for patients to receive treatment.

      You did a great job summarizing the many ways AI is transforming dental care and education. I like how you included both the clinical and educational benefits such as improving diagnostic accuracy, supporting personalized treatment, and enhancing learning through interactive tools. Mentioning virtual consultations was also a strong point since it shows how AI expands access to dental care. You could make your response even stronger by briefly explaining how these innovations help future dentists develop real-world skills or improve patient outcomes. Overall, it’s a well-rounded and informative paragraph.

    2. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been increasingly integrated into medical and dental education, offering numerous benefits to both students and instructors. One of the main applications of AI in this field is virtual simulation and training, allowing students to practice complex procedures on virtual patients without risking harm to real patients. This type of hands-on training is also customizable, enabling students to work at their own pace and repeat procedures until they have mastered them.

      This section highlights the educational advantages of AI, specifically in virtual simulation and training. It emphasizes safety (no harm to real patients) and flexibility (customizable, self-paced learning). These points show how AI supports skill mastery and confidence in medical and dental students.

    1. If students, for example, research a topic only because they are required to by an assignment, and not from a desire to learn anything in particular, the results will often be subpar.

      I feel like this applies to all types of learning, not just research.

    1. However, hyperlinks are not very useful for academic papers. Here are some reasons: Links change: The internet changes every day. Websites add and remove articles, on-line magazines and newspapers change their links. If there is only a link to a source and if that link changes, then the reader cannot find the source. Inaccessible Databases: Some of the information you will use will be from CNM databases. The readers of your article may not have access to the same database; therefore, a link is not sufficient. The reader needs to know pertinent information, such as the author’s name, title, etc., to be able to find the source.

      a link to the source is not the same as a citation or work cited page

    2. List each source that you have cited in your paper with an in-text citation in the Works Cited page. Only list sources you have cited in the paper. Do not list sources that you have consulted but not cited.

      every in-text-citation should have a corresponding work citied entry.

    3. Title the page Works Cited. Center the title Do not italicize the title Only the title is centered; the rest of the page is left justified

      This is how to structure your works cited page

    4. Giving credit where credit is due enhances your own credibility.

      It shows that the external research was done in order to portray the most effective and reliable information

    5. Each entry (i.e, each source) follows a specific format. Formatting Works Cited entries can sometimes be confusing and possibly irritating. It can also seem like a lot of work for something so small and seemingly unimportant. However, following the form for each entry is important.

      Following the correct format is best to avoid confusion and irritation.

    1. If another source is cited within your source, it is called an “indirect source. When citing this, use “qtd. in” to indicate the source you actually consulted. For example:

      its important to note when the sources you've used quoted another source

    2. If you need to cite multiple publications by different authors in the same sentence, you should list the multiple sources in alphabetical order by author and use a semicolon to separate them.

      This is the correct way to organize a works cited page with multiple sources.

    3. Usually, the Works Cited source entry will begin with an author’s last name. If there is no author, then the name of the article is the first information listed.

      Some articles don't have a definitive author, that doesn't mean no citation needed if again it's not your own idea or conclusion.

    4. If you follow MLA guidelines, pay attention to detail, and clearly indicate your sources, then this approach to formatting and citation offers a proven way to demonstrate your respect for other authors and artists.

      Not only does citing sources prevent plagiarism, it offers respect to the authors of the material you are referencing.

    5. For an article with no known author, use the source title in place of the author’s name, formatted as it would be (i.e., italicized or enclosed in quotation marks) in your Works Cited section.You may abbreviate the title, using only the first few words:

      I always thought you didn't need to cite quotes if the author was unknown. Now i know i have too.

    6. If you do not credit the work of other writers –taking credit for their work as if you wrote it—you are committing plagiarism.

      Make sure you always cite your work when using someone else's quotes.

    7. If you follow MLA style and indicate your source both in your essay and in the Works Cited section, you will prevent the possibility of plagiarism.

      Always make sure to use MLA style to prevent plagiarism.

    8. In-text citations are used throughout your paper to credit your sources of information. In MLA style, the in-text citation in the body of the essay links to the Works Cited page at the end. This way, the reader will know which item in the Works Cited is the source of the information.

      We must give credit to the authors

    9. In your paper, when you quote directly from a source in their words, or when you paraphrase someone else’s idea, you need to tell the reader what that source is so the author gets credit for their words and ideas.

      When using someone else's work word for word you must include the source for your reader.

    1. nd function as independent units. In pathological triangular relationships, parents avoid resolving their own conflict by always keeping the child involved

      herkenbaar

    1. who were cannibals, and that when they captured an enemy they beheaded him and drank his blood…

      I find it sad that it sounds like from Christophers point of view that this specific group of Native Americans were looking out for them and that they were willing to share all their findings but Christopher came looking for things that only benefit him.

    2. These people are very simple as regards the u.se of arms, as your Highnesses will

      Christopher is writing these journal entry's to the King and Queen of Spain to report his finding and how it is going to benefit them and that there is no threat.

    3. They came to the ship in small canoes, made out of the trunk of a tree like a long boat, and all of one piece, and wonderfully worked,

      I find myself in awe when learning about about the way our early ancestors adapted to the world around them. I am curious of who would have thought of this idea and then made it happen. How long did it take them to make the canoes and even the boats that Christopher sailed on and how much trail and error happened before the first one succeed.

    4. They should be good servants and intelligent

      This comment Columbus makes of the Native Americans being good servants defiantly marginalized them as if they are good to be put to work and easily moldable.

    5. race of people very poor in everything

      It is interesting that he calls them a race of people very poor in everything when he called the "island" assembled and the Native Americans had things worth trading. It is also interesting the different perspectives of poor. I wonder if the Native Americans would have agreed with that statement during this time period.

    6. He also predicted easy success for missionaries seeking to convert these people to Christianity.

      How was he able to predict an easy success of conversion?

    7. that we might form great friendship, for I knew that they were a people who could be more easily freed and converted to our holy faith by love than by force,

      I believe that this is important because it shows his first intention of a relationship with them was with the hopes of it being great before it would take a turn even though his intentions still were still on the selfish side of he could benefit.

    8. island assembled

      Christopher writes the island as assembled meaning it is ready to be used rather than needing to be put together which is interesting to me the way he included that.

    9. First encounters between Europeans and Native Americans

      This is between the Europeans and the Native Americans and how Columbus could gain from the Native American people for the European economic interest.

    10. Journal of Christopher Columbus, 1492

      This Document was written by Christopher Columbus in 1492 as it is titled. This document discuses Christopher Columbus's point of view of when he arrived to America.

    11. came to him with two pieces of cinnamon, and said that a Portuguese, who was one of his crew, had seen an Indian carrying two very large bundles of it; but he had not bartered for it, because of the penalty imposed by the Admiral on anyone who bartered. He further said that this Indian carried some brown things like nutmegs.

      This passage shows that Columbus had strict rules for trading with the Natives without permission to do so, but also that the Europeans were interested in the spices that the Natives had access too.

    12. He also understood that, far away, there were men with one eye, and others with dogs’ noses who were cannibals, and that when they captured an enemy they beheaded him and drank his blood…

      This shows how the Europeans would exaggerate things about the New World, it demonstrates a mixture of fact and imagination with early accounts of exploration. This also helped to shape understanding for the Europeans and later colonial propaganda.

    13. These people are very simple as regards the u.se of arms, as your Highnesses will .sec from the seven that I caused to be taken

      This not only shows early forced displacement, it always shows Columbus's plan to take the Indigenous people to Spain so they could be taught European culture and language.

    14. people from other adjacent islands came with the intention of seizing them, and that they defended themselves

      The Natives had their own systems for defense and politics that Columbus overlooked because the believe them to be "simple" people.

    15. They go as naked as when their mothers bore them

      This shows the perception that Columbus judged the Indigenous clothing practices as something that was less than those of the Europeans, a "primitive" practice.

    16. gave to some of them red caps, and glass beads to put round their necks, and many other things of little value

      does this show how easily the Indigenous would be to control because they were happy with being given things of little value?

    17. They should be good servants and intelligent, for I observed that they quickly took in what was said to them

      This shows the attituded Europeans had toward indigenous people. The phrase "good servants" shows that Columbus was thinking more about the labor they could provide.

    18. easily freed and converted to our holy faith

      "converted" means to change their religion. Columbus emphasized converting the Indigenous people to Christianity showing the religious motivation for exploration/colonization.

  3. www.tripleeframework.com www.tripleeframework.com
    1. However, we can look a little more deeply at engagement by considering if the technology is not just capturing the interest of the student, but if it is actually engaging them actively in the content

      I think this is important to remember when using new "shiny" technologies. One that comes to mind for me is Kahoot. I have found that Kahoot is a great way to engage students in for example a review of a topic for a quiz. I use it in Astronomy, 9th grade science and other classes. I almost always use it in "classic" mode, where I have quiz questions and students compete for points. However there are other game modes where students earn more time to keep playing or possibly added features to a game by answering questions correctly. At one point there was a snowball fight version where you answered questions correctly to get more snowballs. Those other game formats seemed to capture students' interest, but not really engaging them in the actual review questions. Those were just there to help them keep playing the game. The technology needs to engage students in content to be effective.

  4. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. If tall grocery store shelves were made with the assumption that people would be able to reach them, then people who are short, or who can’t lift their arms up, or who can’t stand up, all would have a disability in that situation. If an airplane seat was designed with little leg room, assuming people’s legs wouldn’t be too long, then someone who is very tall, or who has difficulty bending their legs would have a disability in that situation.

      After reading this, I am curious about how the writer views these situations as a disability, while I slightly disagree. Instead of a disability, I see it as a disadvantage. Of course it's through genetics in which you may be short, or you may have long legs, but in my opinion, its a disadvantage. I mostly think of a disability as a mental or physical impairment that limits a person, yet being short isn't necessarily an impairment, but an unfortunate circumstance.

    1. Moreover, when mosquito parasitism is intense, many birds leave the cliffs before they succumb, exposing their eggs to predation by gulls. Simultaneously, because of the earlier disappearance of sea ice in northern Hudson Bay, polar bears have been forced to come ashore earlier and in poorer condition (Stirling et al., 1999, Regehr et al., 2007). This change has led them to exploit unusual food resources, especially birds and their eggs and nestlings (e.g., Rockwell and Gormezano, 2009; Smith et al., 2010; Rockwell et al., 2011).

      With this, the authors demonstrate the compounding effects of the biological impacts of climate change.

    2. Although the biological consequences of climate change have recently received much attention (Cheung et al., 2009; Chin et al., 2010; Ji et al., 2010; Jiguet et al., 2010; McMahon et al., 2011), they are generally acknowledged to be less predictable than the physical consequences

      With this, the authors highlight that while climate change is recognized, changes to the physical environment like temperature and rising sea levels are much more predictable. However, the resulting biological changes, such as changes to migration routes, adaptions, and the ranges organisms can live in, are much less predictable as they are the result of many interacting variables such as predation, making them much more unpredictable.

    1. Sarah Knight

      I believe Sarah Knight's diary is significant because it shows the perspective of a female on everyday colonial life, commerce, and class structure. There few writings that were left by women during this time period. So, seeing Sarah Knight's observations can help historians better understand the social norms.

    2. There are everywhere in the towns as I passed, a number of Indians the natives of the country, and are the most savage of all the savages of that kind that I had ever seen: little or no care taken (as I heard upon inquiry) to make them otherwise. They have in some places lands of their own, and governed by the laws of their own making; they marry many wives and at pleasure put them away, and on the least, dislike or fickle humour, on either side, saying stand away to one another is a sufficient divorce

      I think to understand Sarah Knight's perspective during the 1700s, we would have to consider the voices of the enslaved people and the indigenous groups. Their experiences would contrast with Knight's judgmental outlook and prejudices toward them. Including these missing perspectives would give a fuller picture of colonial life and reveal how class, race, and power shaped Knight’s perspectives.

    3. At last, like the creature Balaam rode on (a donkey), he opened his mouth and said, “Have you any ribbon for hatbands to sell I pray?” The questions and answer about the pay being past, the ribbon is brought and opened. Bumpkin Simpers, cries its confounded gay I vow, and beckoning to the door, in comes Joan Tawdry, dropping about 50 curtsees and stands by him: he shows her the ribbon…. Then she enquires, “Have you any hood silk, I pray?” which being brought and bought, “Have you any thread silk to sew it with says she, which being accommodated with they departed. They generally stand after they come in a great while speechless, and sometimes don’t say a word till they are asked what they want, which I impute to the aw they stand in of the merchants who they are constantly almost indebted to…

      I think Sarah Knight’s diary was originally created for a private setting. However, I think her descriptive storytelling suggests she may have expected a small audience, such as close friends or family, to read it eventually. She includes a small but vivid interaction and details that turn a normal travel log into engaging storytelling, which makes me think she was aware of writing for an audience.

    4. They generally marry very young: the males oftener as I am told under twenty than above; they generally make public weddings…

      Why were they marrying young, and what could have influenced the practice of celebrating it publicly?

    1. ever,the Transit Authority estimates passenger load on buses andon-time performance of trains and buses by using sampling.Proper sampling would provide a better indication of how“noisy” the system is

      This is another "will, not way" example. The TA says it's too hard to measure noise. But the author points out that they measure other things like passenger numbers all the time using the same method. They have the way, they just don't have the will.

    2. dmaintenance requires attention being paid to rail welding andrepair of loose bolts, two areas involved in noise reduction;but at the same time, a comprehensive maintenance programalso needs to be in place to pay attention to the integrity ofthe entire system, and such attention will result in saveddollars

      This is the author's most important recommendation. The TA says fixing noise is too expensive. The author argues that this is wrong. She says that fixing noise like welding the rails is just good maintenance, and good maintenance saves the city money in the long run.

    3. After 1995, no further annual reports were required by statelaw (state law only lasted 12 years); and, as a result, no furtherreports were prepared by the Authority. Th

      This is why the problem continues. The law that forced the TA to act expired in 1995. After that, they stopped reporting, and the progress stopped. The "will" was gone.

    4. in 1982, the state legislature passed the Rapid Transit NoiseCode. This bill mandated the Transit Authority (a subsidiaryof the overseeing agency the Metropolitan TransportationAuthority) to assess the extent of noise from its noise sourcesand implement programs to gradually reduce the noise. The

      This is a key fact. The Transit Authority did fix things when the state government passed a law that forced them to. This supports the author's "matter of will" argument. The law created the "will."

    5. ater study[13] was conducted andit was found that the children on both sides of the buildingwere now reading at the same level, demonstrating, indeed,that the noise-abatement measures were effective.

      This is the follow-up study. After the city fixed the noise by adding rubber pads to the tracks, the reading scores for all the kids became equal. This proves that the noise was the cause of the learning problem.

    6. e study found thatthe children in classrooms that were exposed to the elevatedtrain tracks were nearly a year behind in reading scores by thesixth grade

      This is the author's own study from 1975. This is shocking evidence. It shows that the train noise caused students to lose a full year of learning.

    7. growing body of literature demonstrating the adverse effects of noise on physical and mental health raises the questionas to whether transit noise is hazardous to the health of New York City’s transit riders and residents living near thetransit system. Several studies have examined the impacts of the noise of New York’s transit system on hearing, healthand learning. D

      The author starts by explaining that this is not just a small problem. Subway noise is a serious issue that can hurt people's health and make it harder for children to learn.

    Annotators

    1. which holds for some

      Why does it hold for this interval? Is it the error in approximation because the function may require more than 3 Taylor terms? If so, why did they not use Big O notation as above?

    1. to prevent the possibility of any of its being saved for use,

      This shows their determination continued even the next day. They wanted every bit of tea destroyed. They refused to let the British tax go into effect in any form. The detail reveals commitment and follow through in their protest and beliefs. This also shows how little the colonists thought of the Brits. by wanting ALL the tea destroyed, this shows that the Brits mean nothing to them, and they have no problem having nothing related to brits in their new country. They also do not want to be defined by anything that has to do with Britain.

    2. We were ordered to take him into custody, and just as he was stepping from the vessel, I seized him by the skirt of his coat, and in attempting to pull him back,

      This line shows the protesters enforced rules among themselves. They weren’t tolerant of looting or selfish behavior. They wanted their message to stay political, not criminal. That helped build public support for their actions. By doing this, they could not be held accountable in the eyes of the law, and ensured the integrity of the mission.

    3. We were surrounded by British armed ships, but no attempt was made to resist us.

      This sentence shows the British failed to stop the protest. It could mean they underestimated the colonists or feared escalating violence. Their silence allowed the Tea Party to succeed. This inaction might have boosted colonial confidence. If any British soldiers had fought back, I personally think that they would be met with a large group of colonists to fight back. Even if British Soldiers had weapons ready, it would have become another major massacre in history between the colonists and the Brits.

    4. I recollect of our having had the knowledge of the name of a single individual concerned in that affair,

      This line shows secrecy was critical. Participants protected each other by avoiding names. They understood the risks if caught. Their willingness to take those risks reveals strong commitment to the cause. If they had not been so secretive, many would be taken by British soldiers and shunned. Many would be beaten, imprisoned, enslaved, or punished in many other extreme ways if knowingly went against kinds orders. By staying anonymous, this ensured that the colonists could have as many people as needed to fight back against British rule.

    5. I made the demand accordingly, and the captain promptly replied, and delivered the articles; but requested me at the same time to do no damage to the ship or rigging.

      This proves they had a clear goal, destroy the tea only. They respected the ships and tried not to cause unnecessary harm. That detail shows they wanted their protest to stay controlled. It implies they hoped to maintain credibility. Tea was significant because it is very popular in Britain, and also one of the higher taxed items. By destroying the tea, it implied that Britain was no longer seen as a rule or threat among the colonists, and that they did not want to be bound by authorization from across the ocean.

    6. The tea destroyed was contained in three ships, laying near each other, at what was called at that time Griffin’s wharf, and were surrounded by armed ships of war;

      This tells us that the situation in Boston was heavily controlled by the British military. The colonists were not acting in a calm and peaceful setting but under watch and intimidation. It shows the larger conflict growing between Britain and the colonies. There were many significant parts to the American revolutions but the Boston Tea Party specifically shows the loyalty and bravery the colonists had to protect their new country, this is significant because it also shows that they were willing to go to war over the new found country and sets up for more events to come.

    7. They divided us into three parties, for the purpose of boarding the three ships which contained the tea at the same time.

      He explains that leaders “divided us into three parties, for the purpose of boarding the three ships… at the same time.” This sentence shows the event was highly organized. They didn’t act randomly — they planned and executed together. This makes the Boston Tea Party look more like a coordinated political statement. It highlights discipline rather than chaos. Most events performed by colonists were talked about in closed meetings, and thoroughly planned. By secrecy, many people were involved in the workings of the events, making it harder for the British soldiers to pinpoint who was initiating them.

    8. It was now evening, and I immediately dressed myself in the costume of an Indian,

      This shows they used disguises to hide identities. It also reflects the symbolism of breaking away from British rules by taking on a different identity. The disguise protected them from punishment. It emphasizes how dangerous the protest was. This not only created confusion for British soldiers, but also shielded them from public punishment and exiling. Thsi ensured that the same people were involved in over throwing British rule.

    9. many of them crying out, Let every man do his duty,

      This sentence shows how the crowd saw resistance as patriotic. They weren’t acting for personal gain, but for what they believed was right. That sense of duty helped drive the protest. It shows how unity and passion were growing among colonists. Many people back then especially those of the American working class (sewing, fresh produce, black smith, any jobs back then) were highly upset by the taxation, and because of this, unified them together to fight back against the British army

    10. for the purpose of consulting on what measures might be considered expedient to prevent the landing of the tea,

      The source says the colonists gathered “at one of the churches in Boston” to discuss “what measures might be considered expedient to prevent the landing of the tea.” That statement proves the colonists tried to handle things through organized community meetings. I remember when learning about this in school, we frequently talked about meetings had with higher ups in the communities. Often they were closed to the public. I assume that many plans were discussed to create a way to prevent British surveillance and authorization.

    11. Bostonians, should not withdraw their opposition to the landing of the tea before a certain day, the 17th day of December, 1773

      could this relate to sociology and social pressure to follow norms? I am curious is supporting Boston/ New America was a norm for colonizers, especially those in highly surveillanced areas such as Boston.

    12. At the hour appointed, the committee again repaired to the governor’s house, and on inquiry found he had gone to his country seat at Milton,

      When the governor was supposed to give a response, they found “he had gone to his country seat at Milton.” This line shows how the British-appointed governor avoided responsibility. His absence angered the people and made them feel ignored. Because of that, negotiations collapsed. It adds to why the Boston Tea Party became the next step.

  5. mlpp.pressbooks.pub mlpp.pressbooks.pub
    1. In 1946 for example, the Soviet Union refused to cede parts of occupied Iran, a Soviet defector betrayed a Soviet spy who had worked on the Manhattan Project, and the United States refused Soviet calls to dismantle its nuclear arsenal. Diplomat George Kennan warned that Americans shoul

      this is a great way of explaining it.

    2. Officials on both sides knew that the Soviet-American relationship would dissolve into renewed hostility at the end of the war. To some extent this hostility was based on the incompatibility between the capitalist economic system embraced by the U.S. and the communist ideology of the Soviets. These systems are based on incompatible philosophies, but neither nation operated under a pure version of the system they claimed to support.

      why were neither systems practiced.

    3. Stalin considered the newly conquered territory part of a Soviet sphere of influence. With Germany’s defeat imminent, the Allies created an occupation regime that would initially divide Germany into American, British, French, and Soviet zones.

      Why did stalin veiw the territories conqured by the Red Army.

    1. ​The following were generated using custom instructions & Gemini

      Here is the first image, illustrating the Purity Hierarchy of Soul, Consciousness, and Body as described:

      Now, here is the second image, depicting the Signal Analogy to illustrate the concept of life as a broadcast:

      Lastly, here is the third image illustrating the Path to Liberation: True vs. False Practice:

    1. This was the story which Moshup told Tackanash and his dog. If it is not true, I am not the liar…”

      The story ends with a traditional oral formula affirming truth while allowing mythic interpretation. It suggests that the story’s purpose is not literal fact, but to teach lessons about respect for nature, balance, and community.

    2. Extremely fatigued, he lay down to sleep, and dreamed that he must not quit the island again. When he waked, he wished much to smoke, but, on searching the island for tobacco, and finding none, he filled his pipe with poke, which our people sometimes use in the place of tobacco. Seated upon the high hills of Wabsquoy, he puffed the smoke from his pipe over the surface of the Great Lake, which soon grew dim and misty. This was the beginning of fog, which since, for the long space between the Frog-month and the Hunting-month, has at times obscured Nope and all the shores of the Indian people.

      This is another etiological moment, explaining how fog was created. The act of blowing smoke connects spiritual practice (smoking the pipe) with the shaping of the environment, showing the interdependence of nature and spirit in Native belief systems.

    3. Moshup, angry that he could not catch him, and fearing that, if the creature hatched others of equal appetite and ferocity, the race of Indians would become extinct, one day waded into the water after him, and continued in pursuit till he had crossed to the island which sent the hot winds, and which is now called Nope. There, under a great tree, he found the bones of all the children which the great bird had carried away. A little further he found its nest, with seven hatched birds in it, which, together with the mother, he succeeded after a hard battle in killing

      This is the heroic climax of the story, where Moshup restores balance by defeating the destructive creature. The “hot winds” and distant island symbolize danger and moral testing. The emphasis on children’s bones underscores the themes of loss, survival, and renewal.

    4. they! Once upon a time, Moshup said, a great bird whose wings were the flight of an arrow wide, whose body was the length of ten Indian strides, and whose head when he stretched up his neck peered over the tall oak-woods, came to Moshup’s neighbourhood. At first, he only carried away deer and mooses; at last, many children were missing.

      The giant bird recalls the Thunderbird, a symbol of power, storms, and transformation in many Native traditions. Its attacks on children represent threats to the community’s future, motivating Moshup’s role as protector.

    5. Moshup told the Pawkunnawkut that he once lived upon the main land. He said that much people grew up around him, men who lived by hunting and fishing, while their women planted the corn, and beans, and pumpkins. They had powwows, he said, who dressed themselves in a strange dress, muttered diabolical words, and frightened the Indians till they gave them half their wampum

      This section contrasts the ancient world with later, possibly corrupted traditions. The negative description of “powwows” reflects colonial bias, as 19th-century authors often misinterpreted Native spirituality. Originally, a “powwow” was a healer or spiritual leader, not a deceiver.

    6. I hear the stranger ask, “Who was he?” I hear my brothers ask, “Was he a spirit from the shades of departed men, or did he come from the hills of the thunder? I answer, he was a Spirit, but whence he came, when first he landed in our Indian country, I know not. It was a long time ago, and the Island was then very young, being just placed on the back of the Great Tortoise which now supports it

      The storyteller speaks directly to the audience, reflecting the interactive nature of oral storytelling. The reference to the island resting on the Great Tortoise ties this legend to the Turtle Island creation story, shared among many Native peoples. This places the Wampanoag within a broader Indigenous worldview.

    7. His principal food was the meat of whales, which he caught by wading after them into the great sea, and tossing them out, as the Indian boys do black bugs from a puddle. He would, however, eat porpoises, when no larger fish were to be had, and even tortoises, and deer, and rabbits, rather than be hungry. The bones of the whales, and the coals of the fire in which he roasted them, are to be seen now at the place where he lived. I have not yet told my brothers the name of this big man of Nope—it was Moshup.

      This connects Moshup to nature and landscape formation. Whale bones and coals are offered as evidence that the story explains real-world geography. These are etiological details elements that explain how natural landmarks came to be, a common feature in Indigenous mythology.

    8. He was always good-natured and cheerful, save when he could not get plenty of meat, or when he missed his usual supply of the Indian weed, and the strong drink which made him see whales chasing deer in the woods, and frogs digging quawhogs

      Moshup is portrayed as both divine and humanlikehe feels hunger and irritation. “Indian weed” refers to tobacco, a sacred plant in many Native rituals. The mention of “strong drink” may reflect later European influence on the story, showing how oral tales sometimes absorbed colonial details.

    9. He was taller than the tallest tree upon Nope, and as large around him as the spread of the tops of a vigorous pine, that has seen the years of a full grown warrior. His skin was very black; but his beard, which he had never plucked nor clipped, and the hair of his head, which had never been shaved, were of the color of the feathers of the grey gull.

      Moshup’s physical traits combine human and natural elements, showing harmony with the environment. His enormous size represents strength and power, while his dark skin and gray hair connect him to both land and sea, major parts of Wampanoag life.

    10. When Tackanash and his dog arrived at the island, he found the man whose existence had been doubted by many of the Indians, and believed to have been only seen by deceived eyes, heard by foolish ears, and talked of by lying tongues, living in a deep cave near the end of the island, nearest the setting sun.

      Here, Tackanash discovers Moshup, a legendary being whose existence had been uncertain. The cave symbolizes mystery and connection to the earth, while the “setting sun” hints at the western direction often associated in Native cosmology with endings, wisdom, or the spirit world.

    11. Once upon a time, in the month of bleak winds, a Pawkunnawkut Indian named Tackanash, who lived upon the main land, near the brook which was ploughed out by the great trout, was caught with his dog upon one of the pieces of floating ice, and carried in spite of his endeavours to Martha’s Vinyard Island

      This paragraph sets the scene like a traditional folktale (“Once upon a time”). It introduces Tackanash, an ordinary person who stumbles into a mythic experience. The “month of bleak winds” suggests winter, symbolizing hardship or transition, while the floating ice represents the boundary between the human world and the spirit world.

    12. Once upon a time, in the month of bleak winds, a Pawkunnawkut Indian named Tackanash, who lived upon the main land, near the brook which was ploughed out by the great trout, was caught with his dog upon one of the pieces of floating ice, and carried in spite of his endeavours to Martha’s Vinyard Island….

      This paragraph sets the scene like a traditional folktale (“Once upon a time”). It introduces Tackanash, an ordinary person who stumbles into a mythic experience. The “month of bleak winds” suggests winter, symbolizing hardship or transition, while the floating ice represents the boundary between the human world and the spirit world.

    13. Most Native American peoples shared information solely through the spoken word. These oral cultures present unique challenges to historians,

      This introduction explains that Native American history was primarily oral, meaning it was passed down through storytelling rather than writing. For historians, oral traditions like this one are essential because they reveal cultural values, worldview, and cosmology even when written records are absent.

    1. Nestled in the Ethiopian mountains, Bekoji is a small, unassuming town with less than twenty-thousand residents, yet one impressive reputation. The Guardian once called it “the fastest place on Earth,” owing to its success at producing gold medalist endurance runners, an athletic category dominated globally by Ethiopian and Kenyan runners. One crucial factor is Bekoji altitude: a breathtaking 10,500 feet above sea level.

      Because of the high elevation of Bekoji, it has produced a lot of Olympic gold medalist.

    2. Of course, while high altitude = low oxygen environments, you don’t have to go quite so high to reap the benefits of this form of training. At the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in northern Colorado, Boulder is regarded as a mecca for American elite distance runners and comes in at the comparatively modest 5,430 ft.

      You don't need to go very high in order to gain the benefits of low oxygen environments.

    3. One of the best things about heading to a high altitude with a watch like Polar Grit X Pro is that you can use its amazing outdoor features. Not only can it withstand temperatures as low as -20°C (-4°F), but this sports watch also includes superior navigation technology with Komoot, route and elevation profiles to track where you’re at and tell you where you’re headed, and an altimeter, compass, and coordinates. Plus, you can discover how you performed on up and downhill sections with Hill Splitter™. It’s the ideal wearable tech for adventuring in the mountains.

      Purpose of this text: One of the purposes of this text is to advertise the Polar X Pro.

    4. Shortness of breath and headaches are common, so take the first couple of days to adjust and ease into your new surroundings, especially if you are transitioning to an exceptionally high altitude.

      You will get shortness of breath and headaches the first couple of days.

    5. Likewise, pushing yourself to do as much training as possible during a short burst of high-altitude training will stress your body out, weakening your immune system and limiting your ability to produce more red blood cells. So, give your body time to adapt when you first arrive by sticking to easy runs and low or moderate-intensity workouts. After the first few days, if you feel good, then you can increase your pace.

      Stick to easy runs and dont push yourself too much.

    6. Finally, you’ll discover you’ll need longer to recover, especially during the first few days, as your body will receive less oxygen. So, it’s okay to take extra time for rest when you arrive and additional days between training sessions to allow muscle recovery.

      It will take you longer to recover, because your tissue will be receiving less oxygen. You should focus on resting more to allow for a full recovery.

    7. developed by the Univesity of Texas, USA, this approach for elite athletes involves permanently living and doing light training above 8,000ft but completing hard training below 4,000ft, where their muscles can work harder with more oxygen.

      Accuracy of this text: This text shows a point of accuracy because it mentions where this training approach was scientifically confirmed to be true in Texas.

    8. In order to make new red blood cells, you’ll need lots of hemoglobin, the protein contained inside them that is responsible for delivering oxygen to your tissues. To boost your stores, you should eat lots of iron-rich foods, like beans, red meat, and dark, leafy greens. Add these to your diet before you travel and continue while you’re at altitude and when you get home.

      The proteins in hemoglobin are responsible for delivering oxygen to your tissues. You should focus on eating a balanced diet in order to maintain these proteins.

    1. when Spanish explorerChristopher Columbus reached the islands, he mistakenly claimed he had reached the East Indies, soondubbing the islands the West Indies once the Spaniards realised their mistake. Meanwhile, ethnic studiesscholar Tony Castanha (2011, xvi) argues that the term Caribbean is derived from the name of one of theregion’s Indigenous populations, the Caribs

      I had heard the term west indies before but never realized that it was used to refer to the Caribbean. This was interesting to learn.

    1. The first outbreaks of Nipah virus were discovered in Bangladesh in 2001 (25), and after years of One Health investigations of spillovers, an understanding of the source began to form in 2005 (26). Epidemiologic studies identified date palm sap consumption as a key risk factor for Nipah virus infection, and social scientists studied how the sap was harvested and sold (26–29). Date palm sap is collected from trees and drunk fresh during the cool, winter months; it is a cultural delicacy (29). Wildlife investigations identified that bats shed virus in their urine and saliva (30), ecologic investigations revealed that bats drink and contaminate date palm sap as it drips into the pots (31), and virologic studies showed that Nipah virus is stable in date palm sap (32). Further studies then demonstrated that simple covers of the pots and sap stream on the tree, which were already being used by some sap collectors, would protect the sap from contact with bats

      Once the first outbreaks of Nipah occurred in Bangladesh, investigations began that took years to uncover what the source was. Date palm sap was identified as a key risk factor for infection, and social scientists looked at how it was harvested and sold. The date palm sap was collected from tress and drunk fresh as a cultural delicacy. Wildlife investigations learned that bats shed the virus in the urine and saliva, and ecological investigations revealed that bats drink and contaminate the date palm sap. Virologic studies showed that Nipah is stable in the palm sap and further studies showed that the covers on the pots and sap stream on the tree would protect the sap from contact with bats.

    2. The investigation typically begins with medical experts who understand the clinical manifestations of the disease and natural history of infection because the spillover is detected when a sick person seeks care. Spillovers sometimes also occur first in other species, which become bridging hosts to humans. Laboratory analysis of the genetic sequence of the pathogen can provide more information about its origins and potential reservoir hosts. Concurrently, epidemiologic investigations can determine the exposures that led to infection and assess if transmission is ongoing through extensive contact tracing efforts. Next, veterinary and ecologic investigations of animals in the affected communities can identify potential reservoir species and bridging hosts. Social scientists contribute in-depth understanding of how local practices might have enabled exposure and transmission, including human–animal interactions and their drivers. Finally, environmental and ecologic investigations elucidate how changes in the reservoir host condition or distribution might have enabled spillover.

      Once an investigation begins, medical expects are the first to begin it because it is usually detected when a sick person seeks care. Lab analysis of the pathogen then can give more information about its origins and potential reservoir hosts. Epidemiologic investigations occur simultaneously which can determine what types of exposure leads to infection. Then vet and ecologic investigations of animals can identify potential reservoir species and bridging hosts. Social scientists can also help identify how local practices enable exposure and transmission. Finally, environmental and ecological investigations tell us how changes in reservoir host and spread might have enabled the spillover event to occur.

    3. Spillovers do provide actionable data. Once an emerging pathogen infects a human, a public health threat is actualized. Those events garner our attention and concern much more than hypothetical risk warnings. Particularly alarming is evidence of transmission of the pathogen from human to human, because this capability is necessary to cause a pandemic.

      Once a spillover event has occurred, it is much easier to gain valuable data since it gains attention and is a cause for concern, especially when evidence of human to human transmission is seen

    4. One approach is to model geographic areas at high risk for spillovers, correlating putative drivers with locations of past spillovers and overlap of humans and reservoir species (4–6). Those efforts aim to focus surveillance and resources on areas or species of high risk. Substantial investments have led to the discovery of new viruses infecting rodents, bats, and primates, including viruses that were phylogenetically related to outbreak causing pathogens, suggesting a potential risk for spillover (7–19). Although such efforts have produced findings of interest, they have not produced actionable public health data. Those approaches do not inform which pathogens are spilling over and the mechanisms driving these events.

      One spillover prevention strategy is look at areas where past spillover events have occurred and perform surveillance. Although this is a good strategy that allows us to collect more information on pathogens of interest, they do not inform which pathogens are spilling over and what drives the spillover events

    5. A spillover occurs when a pathogen infects a new host species (2,3). The vast majority of spillovers will not lead to an outbreak or pandemic. However, for pathogens with pandemic potential, each spillover into a human is an opportunity to launch a pandemic.

      A spillover is when pathogen is spread from one species to a new host species. Within humans, although pandemic risks are unlikely, it is still possible for pathogens that do spillover to cause a pandemic

    1. that I might hearken to it with the more satisfaction, I ceased my labours and sat down upon the bones.

      It is troubling that Montresor shows no hesitation or guilt while listening to Fortunato’s cries. His enjoyment of the sound of chains reveals his cruelty and the disturbing pleasure he takes in revenge.

    2. I had scarcely laid the first tier of my masonry when I discovered that the intoxication of Fortunato had in a great measure worn off. The earliest indication I had of this was a low moaning cry from the depth of the recess. It was not the cry of a drunken man. There was then a long and obstinate silence. I laid the second tier, and the third, and the fourth; and then I heard the furious vibrations of the chain. The noise lasted for several minutes, during which, that I might hearken to it with the more satisfaction, I ceased my labours and sat down upon the bones. When at last the clanking subsided, I resumed the trowel, and finished without interruption the fifth, the sixth, and the seventh tier. The wall was now nearly upon a level with my breast. I again paused, and holding the flambeaux over the mason-work, threw a few feeble rays upon the figure within.

      It is surprising that Fortunato suddenly regains his awareness, but it is already too late for him to escape. Montresor’s calm reaction to his desperate struggle is unexpected and chilling.

    1. The Oneida nation

      I remember reading about the Oneida Nation in history classes previously. I always wondered why they drafted the statement of neutrality and why it wasn't issued directly by the "government" itself.

    2. , as encapsulated in the Declaration of Independence

      What do they mean they were "encapsulated" in the Declaration of Independence? Were they just so caught up in it? What were they thinking?

    3. protesting against the Stamp Act

      The Stamp Act was a tariff placed on the colonists, intended to control and keep the British in power. This led to colonist rebellions and breakaways from the British Empire. The protests had turned violent at times.

    4. Britons had long understood themselves as the freest people on earth, blessed with a limited monarchy and an enlightened parliament. Paine’s pamphlet offered a very different portrayal of the British government. His criticisms swept across the North American continent and generated widespread support for American independence.

      The British thought of themselves as the freest people on earth, much like Americans today. Thomas Paine's calls offered different views of that and criticized their ideas.

    5. Political cartoons provide insight into public opinion and the decisions made by politicians. These cartoons became an important medium for voicing criticism and dissent during the American Revolution. In this 1782 cartoon, the British lion faces a spaniel (Spain), a rooster (France), a rattlesnake (America), and a pug dog (Netherlands). Though the caption predicts Britain’s success, it illustrates that Britain faced challenges –and therefore drains on their military and treasury—from more than just the American rebels.

      Political cartoons were used as a way to voice one's opinion at the time.

    1. Actually, we suggest that the best way to discover how to apply ourethical theories for machines is to clarify the agency

      This isn't really an ideal way to begin a paragraph, as it has vague language all throughout, and doesn't really transition well within the established line of reasoning. The use of "Anyway" implies a greater contrast between the perceived and actual conception of the authors' thesis than actually exists. Based on the readings up to this point, the reader would assume that the authors advocate for a hybrid model of moral agency owing to the unique moral agency of AI. The statement here is not exactly a contrary to that, but rather a further development and clarification if anything. This should be directly stated in the sentence here, or, alternatively, the beginning of the sentence could simply be removed outright. The rest of the sentence is still problematic. The terms of "discover" and "clarify the agency" do not offer too much insight into what the author is actually trying to convey. It echoes previous ideas, making it in some ways feel redundant, but it also doesn't exactly correlate with what the paragraph discusses later.

    2. At this point, we would like to explainwhy we consider that AI has been creating a new type of agency in themiddle of what we comprehend for subjects and moral agents

      This placement feels a bit odd. By this point, the idea of hybrid agency has already been introduced and developed to some extent, and the authors arguably already touched upon why such a model is preferred. At any rate, outright saying that you will now begin explaining something feels odd in of itself. A less conspicuous statement might have been better.

    3. In this regard, AI ethics can benefitfrom the new ethical theories that consider the distributed agency.

      It feels like authors are getting ahead of themselves in this section. The ideas discussed here would just be repeated in greater detail in the following paragraph, making this segment appear redundant. It would have been better if this paragraph was confined solely to establishing traditional theories of moral agency, or in other words what it has discussed thus far, and then enumerating how such theories were insufficient for AI. This would provide good setup for the following paragraph, to which this segment could be reasonably moved; it would then be free to explore the hybrid model in depth.

    4. To understand the background of AI’s agency discussion,we would like to recall James Moor’s three types of agents

      The introduction of Moor's model of moral agency feels fairly random; it isn't really set up prior. The topic is very much important to the section and the article as a whole, but a more smoother transition, along with more exposition, would have been preferred. The authors appear to assume that the reader already has some familiarity with the model, which, depending on their intended audience, might be warranted.

    5. Anyway, experience shows that machines might learn from biaseddata engendered by humans (Hooker and Kim, 2019a); consequently,putting human flourishing at the center is no easy task (Kim andMejia, 2019). Besides, reinforcement

      I do not feel as if these are the proper transitions to be used here. "Anyway" and, to some extent, "Besides" imply an impartiality and relative unconnectedness. However, the ideas are very much related to those prior in the paragraph by way of a contrast. There isn't really a clear transition between what IRL is and how it is flawed. A term such as "however" would be better suited in this role to emphasize the drawbacks of IRL.

    6. Aiming to reach the XAI’s demands, the United States’s DARPA(Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) program uses threestrategies to overcome explainability challenges while maintainingperformance.

      I do not fully get the purpose of this example here. It does provide an instance of a "good" XAI program which satisfies the criteria discussed, comprehensive scope and understandability. Right afterwards, however, the authors point out how this is insufficient. By itself, the example feels a bit bare. It could have been utilized to illustrate the authors' latter point, but it needs to be better transitioned. A statement emphasizing such insufficiency, or drawing attention to greater concerns in the public, would be necessary in order to properly connect this example with the rest of the paragraph.

    7. The debate also concerns explanatory needs, information privacy,and fulfilling legal demand

      I am unclear on which debate exactly the authors are referring to. The only debate or controversy mentioned thus far within this section was that which concerned with which model of XAI to use to best fulfill ethical goals, but it doesn't really align with the content of the statement, which is confusing in of itself. In a later paragraph, the conflict between the "correct" and "excellent" explanations is introduced, which could be what the term is referring to. If so, this section has a somewhat confused line of reasoning.

    8. In otherwords, to develop autonomy while being ethical, machines do notneed to acquire people’s feelings since agency and actions governedby an agenda could give the conditions to guide the performanceaccordingly to each circumstance (Hooker and Kim, 2019b); nor dothey need to have consciousness or conscience since moraljudgment can be reached from the ethical guidelines given on thecounterfactuals, or the external factor inputs provided by humans.

      This line of reasoning is somewhat vague, as the premises do not feel as if they have been properly established prior. The statement here is effectively a summary of the authors' position on AI autonomy, so it follows that the ideas on which this statement is based upon would be found and expounded upon in preceding paragraphs. This is indeed the case, but the relationship is not as direct as I would have liked. The premises outlined here are not per se the quintessential topics of the paragraphs in this section, but they are rather scattered here and there throughout them. There isn't really a paragraph dedicated to explaining the distinction between human actions and algorithmic behavior, or on the origins of moral judgement. These ideas are definitely touched upon, but indirectly. As a result, this section and the authors' reasoning in it could be a little difficult to follow.

    9. Surpassing the discussion regarding intelligence, another dilemmaarises. The lack of consensus does not involve only the definition, andresearchers still do not agree if a universal artificial intelligence, thestrong AI or the AI mind, will ever be possible. However, even thoughthe technology is still not smart enough, our understanding of itsethical and societal implications is trivial. In the meantime

      I find this segment to be interesting. It is a brief interlude which almost interrupts the ongoing narrative about the intelligence of AI to touch upon the possibility of strong AI. It is debatable whether there is much purpose to this segment. It is somewhat related to the preceding topics, which covered issues and controversies brought up in AI discourse, but it is not exactly pertinent. It might have been better placed near the beginning of a later paragraph which deals more specifically with strong AI. Still, it does not pose too much issue in its present state, and could be reasonably left as it is.

    10. But what happens when the decision-making recalls solely on the machines? To answer this question,the changes caused by AI are reshaping how people interact andflourish while improving our lives (Kim and Mejia, 2019); that said,ethics is one of the features of human life that shouldbe reconsidered.

      The diction used in this segment is somewhat vague. There is an express line of reasoning present: as AI can make decisions on its own, it possesses a unique moral agency, and for that reason moral agency for AI should be thoroughly reconsidered, especially since it is so prevalent in our lives. But the hypophora here is structured oddly. "To answer this question" is an odd beginning, especially as the following statement doesn't answer the question at all. A more fitting introduction would be something along the lines of "This invites further thought." The following transition of "that said" is similarly odd, as there isn't much direct relation between the two statements. This segment should have flowed more directly between the first and last statements, clearly the most pertinent ones here, while the middle should have been an auxiliary support to the final.

    1. AI is bound to transform the world in profound ways, much like computers and the Internet revolutionized every aspect of society in the 20th century.

      My first annotation)

    1. For Linux distributions to be able to do all of these things with the T2, Apple would need to either open up access to it, or someone in the Linux community would need to reverse-engineer support for it. Neither of those things has happened. And given the age and relative obscurity of the T2 hardware, it doesn’t seem enormously likely at this point.

      The T2 chip seems like it isn't really useful for Apple any more, and only serves to hinder giving the hardware our second life. Would it be a candidate for releasing the source and IP on, for many other company? I don't Apple ever would.

    1. Looking as if she were alive. I call That piece a wonder, now: Frà Pandolf's hands

      It’s interesting how he begins so calmly, just describing a painting — but there’s already something unsettling underneath. It makes me curious about what really happened to the Duchess.

    2. Never to stoop. Oh, sir, she smiled, no doubt, Whene'er I passed her; but who passed without Much the same smile? This grew; I gave commands;

      I was shocked by how easily he admits giving “commands”, as if ordering his wife’s death was just another act of pride. He sounds more offended by his wife’s kindness.

    1. parameters and train with a wider range of multimodal data for more comprehensive learning

      3 phase training 1) First stage train only vision encoder and audio encoder 2) Second stage , unfreeze alll the parameters and train on multimodal dataset 3) Improve model understanding to understand complex long sequence data

    2. Second, it is essential to manage potential interference among outputsfrom different modalities, ensuring that the training processes for outputs such as text and voice tokensdo not disrupt each other.

      Ah so they both work in tandem not over each other

    3. First, it is crucial to implement a systematic method for the joint training of various modalities,including text, images, videos, and audio, to foster mutual enhancement among them.

      TMRoPE ( Time aligned Multimodal RoPE solves this)

    1. The best writers can provoke reactions in readers that they didn't intend, and even good readers can get lost in a complicated argument or fail to see how one point connects with another.

      If the readers forgot to argue the points of connection where to see in good reading statement, it will be provoked for reactive failure. Failure makes small mistakes have happened.

    2. In the main text, you say something; in the metatext, you guide your readers in interpreting and processing what you have said.

      A metatext is essential set of practice whereas the drama unfolding the stage onto the suggestions.

    1. Yunho tries to believe he can have this.

      OHHHHHHHHH. tries to believe. TRIES TO BELIEVE. i can't believe this is the last sentence. well actually, i must try to believe. because holy shit. that gentle shift from... from refusing to even see, to let himself know the truth about how mingi feels about him and then trying to believe it anyway. my sweet yunho. him and his faith. you have to take that leap of faith, and maybe a leap of faith is just every conversation we have trying to let ourselves be understood and hoping, believing, that the other person may be able to understand. or, at the very least, may believe you. believe in you. oh.

    2. The way Mingi had used foam to sculpt faux puppy ears while washing Yunho's hair made it just as good as a hot spring, though. Better even.

      his puppy, his devoted dog,

    3. In the middle, tucked away to keep them safe, are the photos from the onsen.

      im crashing out. this detail, ugh. you are just so good! so good. it's that balance of reading and imagining but also reading and remembering. like this shit actually happened. you're so good.

    4. "I don't want the world." Simple. Decisive. Plain. As if there is no truth out there stronger than this one. "I only need you."

      how frightening. how comforting. how very them...

    5. That Jeong Yunho is a fucking hypocrite. He carries a bible with him on every tour. Its cover still reeks of plastic. He caresses his rosaries, buys a new one in every city, layering them over each other like the beads will stop his greed from seeping out of him. They don't stop him from being a selfish man. A sinner ruled by carnal desires, wielding them as excuses.

      all of life is this big contradiction but yunho you love him you Love him!!!!!!!!!!!!!

    6. Mingi doesn't let him run away. He sits his full weight on the tops of Yunho's thighs to prevent him from speeding back up.

      that's right! put him in his place! fuck!

    7. But Yunho is a horrible, weak man. The thought of Mingi touching someone else, kissing them, smiling at them, makes him want to throw up violently, his body expelling the nightmare from his physical form. As he swallows down the sudden onset of nausea, Mingi continues to rub his face against him. His hips are still moving, massaging Yunho's cock, but the pleasure can't distract Yunho from the burn of Mingi's lips whispering against his jaw.

      mingudding i think i feel something in my heart

    8. All of those moments. All of his failures. Those are what the looks mean, Yunho wants to shout.

      to fail is the greatest gift because then you get to... keep going. and aren't all these hardships, all this suffering, isn't it just proof you've been touched by the object of your devotion? (mingi). why isn't that enough?

    9. The sight had pierced straight through Yunho. Mingi must have snuck it off of Yunho's bedside table when he'd crept out in the morning. Whilst he'd been in an ancient cathedral, gazing at stained glass windows and praying for courage as the wooden bench made his hips ache, Mingi had been decorating himself with Yunho's faith.

      you're making me insane. the details here, the wooden bench making his hips ache, including the fact that he freaking goes to church when he's abroad, all the rosaries mingi wears, to feel closer to yunho. i wonder if mingi ever feels like he's competing with god. doesn't he know yunho loves him like a devotee. like he's lost and mingi is the only shining light

    10. That first night of Mingi's return, as the younger slept a room away, Yunho had turned to his bible and longed to find an answer in the yellowing pages.

      oh my god............

    11. "I know," Mingi says. Leaning forward, he nuzzles the tip of his nose against the side of Yunho's cheek.

      My heart...... my yungi infused yungi addicted heart.....

    12. Yunho isn't ready for today to end yet. He doesn't want to go back to being bad Yunho. Craven, covetous, cowardly Yunho. Yunho, who fucks his best friend stupid and then pretends not to spend every waking minute of an unworthy life thinking about him.

      But you don't have to be. You don't have to be him anymore. It's never too late to change. It's aways the perfect time to change.

    13. trung out and surrendering to the one thing Yunho has learnt he is good for, distracting him from the numerous ways he is bad.

      you are so much more, yunho. you are so much more than how you make others feel.

    14. wishing he could put the emotions surging through him into words.

      "The Sound of Settling" by Death Cab for Cutie

      I've got a hunger twisting my stomach into knots that my tongue has tied off, my brain's repeating if you've got an impulse let it out, but they never make it past my mouth.

    15. Waits when Yunho distances himself after, ashamed and guilt-ridden. Is ready when the wanting grows unbearable again and he succumbs to temptation,

      he's waiting for mingi to give up on him because he sees everytime he lets himself love mingi be a giving up on himself. but yunho it's okay to let go of these rigid standards you set yourself to, to have empty hands again, because then you can hold onto him

    16. Channels the patient man he has slipped into the skin of, and just watches.

      The performance. But Yunho, every you is still you, even the one you hate being, even the one you can pretend to be. The fact you can play this role is a testament to who you are, and you are someone who would sacrifice yourself to love the boy you love

    17. Just a boy with large dreams and wavering self-confidence, loved by a boy with religion as a crutch for his crippling insecurities.

      "religion as a crutch for his crippling anxiety" oh my god. you've nailed it. the yunho characterization. the complex role of religion. oversharing, but when i first started learning more about yunho i was absolutely shocked and stumped by his faith. this is the parasocialism taking over but i genuinely, genuinely would think about it, turning over the idea of god and good and faith and why in the world ateez jeong yunho held onto it so strongly. i'd say even up to two years ago i never "got" religion. i remember in high school reading a book called "the god delusion" because i was raised absolutely devoid of faith and had so much trouble Believing in myself better yet something greater than me. but, things started to make sense. i think maybe that just takes time. but i remember being in agony wondering why the hell jeong yunho, who is good in every way i understand the word, needs religion. what's so wrong with him? i would ask myself. it's one thing to be born with faith, it's another to choose to hold onto, to come back to it. i had been taking that evil and sin class as well as that diary class and was deeply contemplating the role of confession in truth and why is it worth it to even say any of this out loud. and, well, it's because you get to be yourself after. after so much repression, so much secrecy, so much hating yourself for being who you are, in the end you're going to die so you might as die Yourself. thank you for this. it's like these past few years of my life have been articulated

    18. there's his cute, odd tooth again. A remnant of the normal person he used to be before he was rocketed into stardom.

      am i going to burst into tears? this story is so lived in, their characters are so alive and real

    19. Mingi's small, desperate noises drown out the timer in Yunho's head. He knows that it is counting down the minutes to the end. Chooses to ignore it anyway.

      Yes, Mingi isn't the type to give up on you. He's Mingi after all. What does time mean in the face of... love? Well, too much. But also: nothing at all

    20. A way that ebbs and flows and leaves him breathless from struggling against its current.

      i love the extended water metaphors, how water flows naturally and to work against the tide is to set yourself up for struggle. taoism and how if you have to force something too much it's the universe's way of telling you it isn't for you. oh yunho. you are fighting so much against your own want and feelings and love, the universe is trying to tell you something.

    21. he's a simple worshipper at the feet of the sun. A parishioner caught in the endless cycle of sinning and seeking forgiveness. A devotee built to look upwards at the blinding glow, shielding his eyes from the brightness as he prays.

      because like this he becomes attached to this being deemed bigger than him. he doesn't have to be catalyst of his own life, he can be absorbed into something else entirely, his purpose someone else's, his want something else's. small in his own life isn't small enough.

    22. "You deserve the world, Mingi-yah. Anything you want, anything you dream— you'll get it. I know it."

      He believes so much in him, I'm crying. Because to Yunho, that's all real.What he feels is so real to him... What he believes dictates everything about his life. He believes Mingi will go far and he believes he won't and so he think, he knows, it'll never work out. But he's wrong.

    23. The distance stretches, keeping them apart.

      He wants to be Mingi's equal in every way, be the man he deserves, but he's Too Much. Too hungry. Too... Yunho.

    1. Listen to this audio file that demonstrates the pitch of the tones.

      the tones in this audio is not in the order of the tones in the table below, instead the audio says a à á ả ã ạ.

  6. bafybeibje2lf6mvlla6qirggc5kwjnk2cpcfki43qw2i2x3vbyidopdxbe.ipfs.inbrowser.link bafybeibje2lf6mvlla6qirggc5kwjnk2cpcfki43qw2i2x3vbyidopdxbe.ipfs.inbrowser.link
    1. uncomfortable

      the groans zone turns into a blessed zone

      and comfortable for those who are

      habitually comfortable with the unknown,

      nay, take delight in it and trunsmute it into a zone of discovery and fulfillment

    2. groan zone in collaboration

      Groan Zone in collaboration

      Transplant the idea to the process of development of acit insights, intents and work dedicated to realizing a Dream.

      The future belongs to those who Realize their dreams.

      Count your failures as "blessings (that could lead u) to find what you look for (Woah)

      https://hyp.is/43AhPLJKEfCbwB9z8fvYHw/genius.com/Adele-rolling-in-the-deep-lyrics

      that lead 1 on the path of acquire required learnings.

      to discover what they need to learn and learn it

    3. value of diverse perspectives

      diverse perspectives

      open up as 1 adopts an omni optional integral perpective with universal maximalist perspective

      Yes boiling the ocean is required to make the impossible inevitable

    1. S-Curve Analysis: Identifying when an emerging change signal becomes a viable opportunity Foresight Best Practices 11 Apr Written By Tuomo Kuosa, Gökce Sandal S-curve analysis can help pinpoint emerging change signals before they evolve into prominent trends, giving organisations a strategic view to enter the market when the timing is ripe for maximum potential.

  7. drive.google.com drive.google.com
    1. It is about old media and new media, about books and mobile phones

      This made me realize that media literacy covers so much more than just the social media or news that we see on our phones every day. Older forms of media, like books, newspapers, and magazines, also shape the way that we think and understand the world. Media surrounds us in countless ways, and noticing across all formats shows how important it is to develop the skills to analyze and critically engage with everything we consume.

    2. ifferent People Experience the Same Media Message Differently

      The interpretation of media isn't universal. What I might find funny, obvious, or harmless in a video might be confusing, unfunny, or even offensive to someone else. I regularly see this in my daily life. Sometimes I show my parents a TikTok that I found really funny, and they give me a confused expression. They don't share the same feeling. However, understanding perspectives and recognizing that people's backgrounds, experiences, and viewpoints shape how they see the world is a key aspect of media literacy. It's not all about spotting bias and errors.

    3. Media literacy learning provides an open environment in which both students and the teacher canconverse and respectfully give divergent opinions.

      I like how this frames media literacy as a conversation instead of just a lecture. It emphasizes collaboration and the value of multiple perspectives. Even though De Abreu is speaking to teachers, I can imagine how powerful this would feel if students heard it directly. I believe they might feel more confident sharing their own ideas and questioning what they see. It reminds me that learning media literacy is as much about dialogue and understanding others' viewpoints as it is about facts.

    4. Schools are obligated to help students learn and understand their media-saturated world.

      This line effectively highlights the significant influence the media has over our daily lives, often without our even being aware of it. De Abreu's call to action pushes teachers to take responsibility. However, it makes me wonder how students themselves could take a more active role in questioning what they see. Media literacy is truly about building the skills to navigate, challenge, and understand the messages that surround us every day.

    1. ‘tis true, but think Carolina greatly preferable to the West Indies, as was my Papa here I should be very happy

      I think she is optimistic that she would find happiness as her father had in the colonies!!