10,886 Matching Annotations
  1. Feb 2021
    1. he was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky

      Imagery

    1. The above equation is a power function relating the rate of reaction to the concentration, with the nature of that relationship being defined by the order of reaction.

      Will these equations be given?

    1. we want to relate the rate of reaction of two or more species we need to take into account the stoichiometric coefficients, consider the following reaction for the decomposition of ammonia into nitrogen and hydrogen.

      Is this similar to ratios?

    1. Note, the log of a number between 1 and 10 is a fraction, and an easy way to understand logarithms is to relate them to scientific notation.

      Will we get some logs on a test?

    1. There, Aristotle describes fallacies as “reasonings” that seem to be genuine “but are not so.” He illustrates with a few examples: Some people are beautiful, while others “seem to be so, by dint of embellishing themselves”; some people are physically fit, “while others merely seem to be so by blowing and rigging themselves out”; some inanimate objects really are gold, “while others are not and merely seem to be such to our sense.” You get the picture.

      I find these examples interesting and makes me wonder why these illustrations are so true in peoples day to day vocabulary and conversations

    1. The elements that exist as diatomic molecules are hydrogen (H2), oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), fluorine (F2), chlorine (Cl2), bromine (Br2), and iodine (I2).

      Are these the only ones?

    1. many of the individual fields of science are related. At some level, all of these fields depend on matter because they all involve "stuff"; because of this, chemistry has been called the "central science", linking them all together.

      What is matter and how does it pertain to chemistry?

    1. promise of the day that shall surely come.

      This person has the hope that one day everything is going to be better.

    2. fragments of an old story float up before me

      old memories came to mind

    3. Can you see how foggy the day is?

      I feel like the author is asking if we see how "foggy" the life of this person is.

    4. amateur psychologist?

      sarcasm?

    5. Something of the same idle notion comes to me to-day, when from the street-window I look on the slow stream of human life creeping past, night and morning, to the great mills.

      Nothing has change; everything looks the same.

    6. What wonder? When I was a child, I used to fancy a look of weary, dumb appeal upon the face of the negro-like river slavishly bearing its burden day after day.

      The author is using the river as an example to describe the suffering black slaves suffer and their noticeable urge to request a change.

    7. tired of the heavy weight of boats and coal-barges.

      "tired"=personification.

    8. The idiosyncrasy of this town is smoke

      it's telling us one specific characteristic of this town.

    9. Irishmen

      It's giving us a specific details about a race/culture.

    10. idiosyncrasy

      unusual feature or characteristic of a person or place.

    1. I went through a divorce,” he said. “I won’t sell the house.”

      Maybe he had sentimental values for the house which he wasn't ready to let go of.

    2. Dan

      Can be the landlord.

    3. I still drive by

      She seems attached to the house.

    4. I stayed for five years, and figured out how to keep the oven door closed with a hanger and a rubber band. Also how to be a single mom, a single woman. I grappled with guilt and grief and unintended consequences—losing extended family, people taking sides. A roller-coaster, a slog.

      She compromised her living standards, and went through a lot of emotions related to her new life after the divorce.

    5. here’s a stroller out front these days

      This suggests the presence of a baby or toddler

    6. and I’m in the middle of a divorce.”

      This was something that effected her and all her choices.

    7. It felt cozy and funky and just the right size for my downsized life.

      She was in a crisis due to the divorce so felt such a living standard suited her.

    8. first

      This suggests the author married more than once

    1. Germline mutations occur in gametes, the sex cells, such as eggs and sperm. These mutations are especially significant because they can be transmitted to offspring and every cell in the offspring will have the mutations.

      This is useful for bio

    1. Writing is a process and practice. The meaning of any text is created and evolves during composing and revision. In order to develop meaning fully, multiple drafts (which a writer and others read and re-read), are necessary. Writing is much more than a transcription tool. It is a means of making knowledge, learning, and critical thinking. The reading-writing process can be divided into stages that include research, invention, revision, and editing. Writing is a non-linear process, and its stages often overlap. Writers actively seek feedback from readers and judiciously use that feedback in their revisions. The process model empowers writers by encouraging them to understand and refine their writing strategies and techniques, and it encourages readers to look at texts and ideas from different points of view and revisit their original understanding.

      ...

    1. 77L

      76.92 L (Limited to four significant figures) (The measured value 100.0 g has four significant figures)

    2. 2.0

      16

    3. halogens

      go to this tab for more information on them

    4. alkaline earth metals

      go to this lick for more information on them.

    1. These are the best figures in the book, so far. Very simple, with basic structure or function. Clear labels. Not too crowded. Nice work.

    1. Figure 2.5.4. The addition of checkpoint molecules might be overwhelming if the previous image of the cell cycle does not cover each phase from beginning to end.

    2. Figure 2.5.1 The cell cycle diagram is very confusing. Where does the cell cycle start? Where's interphase? What's Go, G1, S, and G2 phase all about? M? Does M have subphases also? Where is cytokinesis? This representation of the cell cycle would leave a novice student of biology very confused about what defines the cell cycle.

    1. Figure 2.2.10 3 Forms of Endocytosis. Same issue. In addition, this figure has three sub-images labeled a, b, and c. Arrows would definitely help along with brief explanations of what is occuring in each figure.

    2. Figure 2.2.9 Na-K Pump is very difficult to follow. Adding sequential numbers or letters with brief explanations of what happens in which order and why. This will make it easier on online students that have asynchronous courses. This comment is the same for many figure in this book that show function without explaining the order step by step.

    1. If so, put a slot for each step and a dot (multiplication symbol) between the slots (Multiplication Principle).

      What does this look like as an actual example?

    2. (A)=∑si∈Api

      example: rolling even number on a die (event A) has probability 1/6 + 1/6 +1/6 = 1/2

    1. (9.7×10583)(7.339×10−98)(5.432×10−645)(3.446×104484)(9.7×7.3395.432×3.446)(10583−98−(−645)−(−4484))3.80306×105614

      I believe in the second line at the end we have an extra negative "-(-4484)". This should have been a subtraction of a positive resulting in a final power of ^-3354.

    1. nursery

      Seems to be unclear which nursery they are talking about. Is it the setting of the story? Or is it their own nursery?

    2. Paranoia is thick around here today,” said David McClean. “You can see it everywhere. Hello.” He bent and picked up a bloody scarf. “This yours?” “No.” George Hadley’s face set like stone. “It belongs to Lydia.”

      I think the children are planning or wishing for their parents to die with all the hints of personal belonging bloodied by the lions

    3. Children prefer Santa. You’ve let this room and this house replace you and your wife in your children’s feelings

      Showcases the children becoming dependent on the house and the room instead of the parents, thus causing them to lose respect for their parents.

    4. Can I compete with an African veldt? Can I give a bath and clean the children as efficiently or quickly as the automatic body wash can? I cannot. And it isn’t just me. It’s you. You’ve been awfully nervous lately.”

      Lydia, feels as if everything she does is sub par compared to the machine that takes care of them. I feel this makes Lydia feel useless or empty, as she no longer has anymore tasks to do.

    5. “because the children have thought about Africa and lions and killing so many days that the room’s stuck in a pattern it can’t get out of.”

      We don't know who has real control of the room

    6. The house is wife and mother now, and nurse for the children.

      Technology is taking over human's responsibilities?

    7. Soon an African veldt appeared, in three dimensions, on all sides, in color. It looked real to the smallest stone and bit of yellow summer grass. The ceiling above them became a deep sky with a hot yellow sun.

      This is a nice description and this shows the room changed from "silent and empty." to "deep sky with a hot yellow sun."

    8. “But nothing’s too good for our children,”

      This makes me think. Things can't be perfect, so as a father he should be checking constantly and making sure he is doing the best for his kids.

    9. that they could become real

      I sense a bit of foreshadowing.

    10. The house is wife and mother now, and nurse for the children.

      The house has taken over parental responsibilities -- it's a surrogate parent. The real parents have assumed the role of children, being nurtured by the house as well.

    11. thirty thousand dollars with everything included

      Interesting how the specific amount of money is listed. Odd detail.

    12. “What would a psychologist want with a nursery?”

      I believe that this is the start of the plot and it is foreshadowing it.

    13. transported upstairs through the air tube and set about dressing himself

      definitely is a evolve era if he is transporting himself through tubes

    14. We’ve been thinking of our machine assisted selves for too long. My God, how we need a breath of honest air!”

      The nursery was too much of a luxury, did not learn to of limitations to an extent.

    15. I’m afraid so. One of the original uses of these rooms was so that we could study the patterns left on the walls by the child’s mind.

      This nursery was built to study and record patterns children left on the walls.

    16. “An old wallet of mine,” he said. He showed it to her. The smell of hot grass was on it… and the smell of a lion.

      Their children could of pictured an scenario that George too imagined once, but seems to have forgotten it, and was able to go back and be in that scenario due to his kids bringing it to his attention, thus why he says he found his "old wallet".

    17. ten-yearold children.

      Peter, their child , is 10 years old ?

    18. How many times in the last year had he opened this door and found Wonderland with Alice and the Mock Turtle, or Aladdin and his Magical Lamp, or Jack Pumpkinhead of Oz, or Dr. Doolittle, or the cow jumping over a very real-looking moon.

      These are the other thing George may imagine after he steps foot through the Nursery Room

    19. Remarkable how the nursery read the thoughts in the children’s minds and created life to fill their every desire.

      The nursery reads thoughts and creates a scene or picture with an environment that seems real.

    20. occasionally they frightened you with their realism

      What ever is seen in the nursery, It is not claimed to be actually real, but it seems like it

    21. You look as if you didn’t know what to do with yourself in this house, either. You smoke a little more every morning and drink a little more every afternoon, and you are taking more pills to help you sleep at night. You’re beginning to feel unnecessary too.”

      It seems they use the "Nursery Room" to find some sort of relief, it seems to bring them a good form of energy, and it seems like a good outlet for George and his wife, I am inferring that they picture themselves in actual Africa, on a Veldt, when they are in the nursery.

    22. He could still feel it on his neck, like a hot paw.

      use metaphor to describe the hot sun burns his neck.

    23. You know how difficult Peter is about that

      one of their childs name is Peter

    24. Soon an African veldt appeared, in three dimensions, on all sides, in color. It looked real to the smallest stone and bit of yellow summer grass. The ceiling above them became a deep sky with a hot yellow sun.

      it seems they are imagining how they want the nursery could look.

    25. “But nothing’s too good for our children,” George had said.

      this is repetition, could mean he is putting emphasis on the reason why he's "taking a look" at the nursery; his reason could be for the his love for his kids.

    26. lights went on and off automatically as they left them behind.

      can infer the nursery's maintenance has not been kept up with if the light are flicking.

    27. making supper for four.

      I can infer George & his wife have two children, since she is cooking for a family of four

    28. The lions stood looking at George and Lydia Hadley with terrible green-yellow eyes.

      the author use simile on this line.

    29. behind them

      who is "them"?

    30. Now the lions were done feeding. They moved to the water hole to drink. A shadow moved over

      Lions ended up feasting on their parents' remains

    31. Mr. Hadley looked at his wife and they turned and looked back at the beasts edging slowly forward, knees bent, tails in the air. Mr. and Mrs. Hadley screamed. And suddenly they realized why those other screams had sounded familiar.

      Disturbing imagery as foreshadowed in the beginning of the story.

    32. Mr. and Mrs. George Hadley beat at the door. “Now, don’t be silly, children. It’s time to go. Mr.

      Worry and despair

    33. The house was full of dead bodies, it seemed. It felt like a mechanical cemetery. So silent.

      Deathly and ghastly themes

    34. “The lions look real, don’t they?” said George Hadley. I don’t suppose there’s any way…”

      Are the lions are illusions?

    35. the room has become a means of creating destructive thoughts, instead of helping to make them go away.”

      The mind can be one of the most innovative but dangerous weapons of the world

    36. There was a terrible screaming from the nursery.

      There seems to be apparent of screaming throughout this story maybe to show terror?

    37. “Can’t say I did; the usual violences, a tendency toward a slight paranoia here or there. But this is usual in children because they feel their parents are always doing things to make them suffer in one way or another. But, oh, really nothing.”

      Paranoia and or delusions?

    38. It was wet from being in the lion’s mouth, there were tooth marks on it, and there was dried blood on both sides

      Looks to be very gruesome

    39. There was a green, lovely forest, a lovely river, a purple mountain, high voices singing. And there was Rima the bird girl, lovely and mysterious. She was hiding in the trees with colorful butterflies, like flowers coming to life, flying about her long hair. The African veldt was gone.

      Very descriptive imagery, to paint a picture of this scenery in our minds, much like how the nursery creates things out of other people's minds.

    40. He unlocked the door and opened it. Just before he stepped inside, he heard a faraway scream. And then another roar from the lions, which died down quickly.

      Creates a very scary tone and feeling in this part

    1. 𝑆SS,

      S is the given set set and A is an element in S?

    2. 𝑃(𝑆)=1

      Why must there exist some P(S) such that P(S)=1?

    3. increases

      as the number of trials approach infinity, then the probability approaches the true theoretical value of the probability of that event occurring

    4. event

      a particular subset of S

    5. fair

      fair means equally likely outcomes

    1. union

      a union involves all the elements from the given sets

    2. sample space

      example of all possible outcomes. Is there specific order to the outcomes, or any order is okay?

    3. ℎ𝑡,𝑡ℎ

      And the intersection is the outcomes that the two events share.

    4. ℎℎ,ℎ𝑡,𝑡ℎ

      So, the union is ALL of the outcomes in both events (without any repeats)

    5. and

      This is how we know that they truly meant intersection and not union (and not or)

    6. ℎℎ,ℎ𝑡,𝑡ℎ,𝑡𝑡

      four possible outcomes

    7. element

      one possible outcome

    1. plugging the following number into your calculator. Odds are you will get an error message, and you need to know how to solve calculations that are bigger or smaller than your

      Belford says this will be on the exam

    1. 𝐵∪(⋂𝑖∈𝐼𝐴𝑖)=⋂𝑖∈𝐼𝐵∪𝐴𝑖B∪(⋂i∈IAi)=⋂i∈IB∪AiB \cup\left(\bigcap_{i \in I} A_{i}\right)=\bigcap_{i \in I} B \cup A_{i};

      Here's a simpler (hopefully similarly rigorous) proof I made for 1.1.3.a.

      $$\bigcup_{i \in I}A_{i} \cup B =(B \cup A_{1}) \cap (B \cup A_{2}) \cap ... \cap(B \cup A_{i})$$

      because distributive property of union over intersection $$= B \cup (A{1} \cap A{2}\cap ... \cap A_{i})$$

      $$= B \cup (\bigcap_{i \in I}A_{i})$$

    2. detain

      detail

    1. Sunni extremist group opposing the United States

      ISIS

    2. Women have a strict dress code emphasizing modesty and have guardians, usually a father, brother, uncle, or husband, and need their guardian’s consent to make major decisions or travel. Until 2018, women were forbidden from driving. A number of other practices are forbidden by Wahhabism, including watching nonreligious television programs, playing chess, and dancing. The penalties for breaking these prohibitions are often severe.

      thats depressing

    3. dissolution

      the closing down or dismissal of an assembly

    4. superimposed

      placed or laid over something else, typically so that both things are still evident.

    1. In terms of popular magazines, they do not fit the definition of literature as "lasting" in the sense that they usually fade from relevancy quickly after publication. Additionally, the authors of such magazines are striving for quick entertainment rather than leaving a meaningful impression on the reader. They tend not to use literary devices, such as metaphor, in a masterful way. On the other end, Shakespeare's Hamlet definitely fits the definition of "lasting," in that it has survived hundreds of years.

      This is a great tool to use to see if something is literature or not. If you look at the scale, in the middle is the Twilight Saga. That is something that our generation will remember for awhile because of how popular the book and movies were, but when it comes to future generations learning about it, that's highly unlikely. Meanwhile Hamlet was published in 1603 and we still all read it in high school in 2021.

    2. However, just because a work is not as literary as another does not mean it cannot be enjoyed. Just like a stick figure or cartoon character might be perfectly fine if intended for a particular audience or purpose, readers can still enjoy People Magazine even though it is not of the same literary quality as Hamlet.

      Literature can be seen everywhere but sometimes we’re not aware of it because we think literature can only be found in poems and popular plays like Hamlet. Any work can be entertaining even though if its literature or not, it just only depends on the readers interests because every piece of writing has its own purpose but the most important which is to entertain the readers, even if one has more art than other.

    3. A meme is an image or video containing cultural values or ideas, often represented through allusion (implied reference to another work, without naming that work or its author). Memes can spread rapidly spreads through social media. Why? Because the best ones are #relatable; that is, they speak to a common human experience.

      If memes are considered literature. Would tik tok videos be considered literature, even if those videos have no type of words? A picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes videos show pictures.

    4. Students are often surprised to hear that comic books and video games can, arguably, be considered literature, too.

      How are those specific things literature?

    5. Just like different types of paint, paintbrushes, and artistic tools, there are literally hundreds of literary devices, but some of the most common are metaphor, simile, personification, and imagery

      I believe that this outline of literature defined as an art form helps me grasp a better understanding of what literature is. Although there are some lesser forms of literature, we can't discount them as it is valued by some more than others just like any picture or painting. It can have a deep and mysterious meaning or even have a simple light hearted meaning, however it can still be seen as literature.

    6. Students often throw their hands up in the air over such distinctions, arguing literature is subjective. Isn't it up to individual opinion? Anything can be literature, such students argue. At first glance, it could seem such distinctions are, at best, arbitrary. At worst, such definitions function as a means of enforcing cultural erasure.

      Literature can be any kind of writing that we enjoy reading, everyone is going to have a different opinion about what's literature and it should be up to them.

  2. Jan 2021
    1. The children thought lions, and there were lions. The children thought zebras, and there were zebras. Sun – sun. Giraffes – giraffes. Death and death.

      They are able to create whatever comes across a person's mind.

    2. “Sorry,” said a small voice within the table, and tomato sauce appeared.

      The story probably takes place in the future since the table is cooking them dinner.

    3. “Those lions can’t get out of there, can they?”

      Supposedly the lions are caged

    4. “That’s just it. I feel like I don’t belong here. The house is wife and mother now, and nurse for the children.

      Do they feel like they're not doing enough as they should be doing?

    5. Outside in the hall, after they had closed the door quickly and noisily behind them, he was laughing and she was crying

      I found this to be pretty ironic considering their situation

    6. The yellow of the lions and the summer grass was in your eyes like a picture in an expensive French wall hanging.

      Would this be considered a metaphor?

    7. Well, here it was!

      A change in tone with the exclamation point

    8. They’ve just been eating,” said Lydia. “I don’t know what.”

      Could be a mystery that would end up being slightly disturbing

    9. The hot straw smell of lion grass, the cool green smell of the hidden water hole, the strong dried blood smell of the animals, the smell of dust like red pepper

      I found this very interesting in that it appeals to the reader's sense of smell

    10. The room was silent and empty. The walls were white and two dimensional

      Sounds much like an abandoned scenery

    11. Their approach was sensed by a hidden switch and the nursery light

      Found this to be almost foreboding and or something coming as stated by the "hidden" word.

    12. What would a psychologist want with a nursery?

      I found this to be omniscience/mysterious in that it will draw the reader towards thinking of this question down the line

    1. helps maintain blood pressure.

      by getting rid of salt

    2. hypothalamus sec

      hypo - under

      thalamus - part of the brain where a nerve emerges

    3. meninges,

      meninx - membrane

    4. pericardial

      peri - around, about

    5. he thoracic cavity fi

      thorax - breastplate, chest

    6. e ventral cavity is a

      venter - belly

    7. integumentary system in

      in - upon, in

      tegere - to cover

    8. The cardiovascular system (also

      cardi- pertaining to the heart

      vas - vessel

    9. e endocrine system is

      endo, within

      krine, separate or secrete

    10. phagocytize

      Phagocytosis, process by which certain living cells called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles. The phagocyte may be a free-living one-celled organism, such as an amoeba, or one of the body cells, such as a white blood cell.

    11. resorption

      the process or action by which something is reabsorbed.

    1. Usually memes take the form of text superimposed on an image. For example, the meme above conveys the dramatic reaction students sometimes give when I assign an essay. This is done primarily through a literary device called hyperbole, or exaggeration for rhetorical effect

      What counts as literature is opinion based. What people like Aristotle considered artistic varies vastly from the opinions of people now a days. Literature holds value from the impressions it leaves, I instantly recognize "Hamlet" but I don't find it interesting enough to be moved, it was just imposed on me by a school curriculum. A piece will fall out of favor as a populations interests change.

    2. However, just because a work is not as literary as another does not mean it cannot be enjoyed. Just like a stick figure or cartoon character might be perfectly fine if intended for a particular audience or purpose, readers can still enjoy People Magazine even though it is not of the same literary quality as Hamlet.

      Literature encompasses a wide scale of pieces like artwork, to stories to even magazines and newspapers. Many kinds of literature holds the same purpose but on a literary scale can be seen as different whether it be higher or lower quality or even just being more artistic. The audience can enjoy all aspects of literature and different forms of it regardless of the quality or the level of artistic ability.

    3. Just like different types of paint, paintbrushes, and artistic tools, there are literally hundreds of literary devices, but some of the most common are metaphor, simile, personification, and imagery.

      I think that the comparison to artists was really useful. It helped to compare it to something everyone knows, as it allows for easier understanding. Also, I think it helps as I feel like the two are pretty similar to one another. Artists use paint, and writers use ink. Both create visuals with their hands, etc.

    4. Usually memes take the form of text superimposed on an image. For example, the meme above conveys the dramatic reaction students sometimes give when I assign an essay. This is done primarily through a literary device called hyperbole, or exaggeration for rhetorical effect.

      I can't say if others would agree with me but memes give us reactions to these type of images because it was either hilarious to us, we somewhat relate to it or brings back memories from the past.

    5. This spectrum can be a helpful way to think about literature because it provides a more open-ended way to discuss writing as art than simply labeling works as literary or not. After viewing the above chart, why do you think popular magazines and a Calculus textbook are considered "less literary"?

      Personally I would have to say that magazines and calculus textbooks are considered to be "less literary" because both lack context or description of what you are looking at. Magazines are purely pictures with maybe a few sentences to go along with it, but I definitely wouldn't consider a magazine as art.

    6. A blurb about Kim Kardashian’s latest plastic surgery, most would agree, does not constitute literature. So how can we differentiate between such works?

      If artistic merit were required for a text to count as literature, informational statements about occurrences in celebrities personal lives would not be actual works of literature. Although, they may serve as sources for literature: a writer could delve into the impacts of celebrities publicizing their cosmetic surgeries onto those who idolize them.

    7. Certainly, works of literature are up for debate: that is the quintessential question literary scholars might ask. What makes certain literary works survive the test of time? What makes a story, poem, or drama "good"? While literary scholars are less interested in proving a certain work is "good" or not -- and more focused on analyzing the ways to illuminate a given work

      What is and isn't literature is up for debate and as some suggested, almost anything can qualify as literature. What is "good" to one critic may not be to another. I don't think there can ever be a true consensus regarding this because of the differences of opinion.

    1. hemoglobin

      red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates. Its molecule comprises four subunits, each containing an iron atom bound to a haem group

    2. crippling.

      causing a person to become unable to walk or move properly

    3. Leukemia

      a malignant progressive disease in which the bone marrow and other blood-forming organs produce increased numbers of immature or abnormal leucocytes.

    4. Anemia

      deficiency of red blood cells

    1. ha is week acid which produces h and a in the solution. the concentration of ha is 0.15 m and has k, = 1.4 x 10.calculate the concentration of a at equilibrium. Helb

    1. Main Points To Note About Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development Piaget, one of the most influential cognitive theorists, believed that Understanding is motivated by trying to balance what we sense in the world and what we know in our minds. Understanding is organized through creating categories of knowledge. When presented with new knowledge we may add new schema or modify existing ones. Children’s understanding of the world of the world changes are their cognitive skills mature through four stages: sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concreate operational stage, and formal operational stage.

      Piaget talks about how a child's ability to see the world and understand it has a lot to do with their maturity. When an individual thinks about one thing at a certain age can be completely different from what they think about a it at a different age.

    2. A reinforcer is something that encourages or promotes a behavior. Some things are natural rewards. They are considered intrinsic or primary because their value is easily understood. Think of what kinds of things babies or animals such as puppies find rewarding. Extrinsic or secondary reinforcers are things that have a value not immediately understood. Their value is indirect. They can be traded in for what is ultimately desired. The use of positive reinforcement involves adding something to a situation in order to encourage a behavior. For example, if I give a child a cookie for cleaning a room, the addition of the cookie makes cleaning more likely in the future. Think of ways in which you positively reinforce others. Negative reinforcement occurs when taking something unpleasant away from a situation encourages behavior. For example, I have an alarm clock that makes a very unpleasant, loud sound when it goes off in the morning. As a result, I get up and turn it off. By removing the noise, I am reinforced for getting up. How do you negatively reinforce others?

      Having reinforcers I believe has an impact on an individual because it can be an encouragement for our growth and how we see things. Raising my daughter I do use reinforcers to help her learn new things every day. When I started potty training her I would spin her around a do a fun little dance when she would use the toilet like a big girl and not have any accidents. The way Skinner described it, reinforcers can have both a positive and negative outcome in a person's behavior and how they do things.

    3. Erikson was a student of Freud but focused on conscious thought. His stages of psychosocial development address the entire lifespan and suggest primary psychosocial crisis in some cultures that adults can use to understand how to support children’s social and emotional development. The stages include: trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and integrity vs. despair.

      Did Erikson and Freud have the same understanding on the psychosocial development? The different psychosocial stages a person goes through is it possible they can pass it onto their children? I understand that in someone's lifespan there is a lot of development that a person goes through emotionally when they are still trying to discover who they are.

    4. Main Points to Note About Freud’s Psychosexual Theory Freud believed that: Development in the early years has a lasting impact. There are three parts of the self: the id, the ego, and the superego People go through five stages of psychosexual development: the oral stage, the anal stage, the phallic stage, latency, and the genital stage We study Freud because his assumptions the importance of early childhood experience provide a framework for later theories (the both elaborated and contradicted/challenged

      A child's early life has a influential impact on their behavior later on in adulthood. People also go through five stages of sexual development to help them discover who they are and how they change through their life from the newborn stage to the adulthood.

    1. And it is difficult, if not impossible, to write effectively about a text that you have not understood. Even when you do understand the reading, it can be hard to write about it if you do not feel personally engaged with the ideas discussed.

      How could you read something without feeling engaged with the ideas discussed?

    2. Successful students approach reading with a strategy that helps them get the most out of their reading.

      I fully agree to that one. I always have different strategies to approach a text I want to remember.

    3. Creating New Meanings, as a student I always wondered how important it is to start reading books.

    4. reading and writing cannot exist without the other.

      Absolutely true!