Eine neue, grundlegende Studie zu Klima-Reparationen ergibt, dass die größten Fosssilkonzerne jählich mindestens 209 Milliarden Dollar als Reparationen an von ihnen besonders geschädigte Communities zahlen müssen. Dabei sind Schäden wie der Verlust von Menschenleben und Zerstörung der Biodiversität nicht einberechnet. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/may/19/fossil-fuel-firms-owe-climate-reparations-of-209bn-a-year-says-study

Studie: Time to pay the piper: Fossil fuel companies’ reparations for climate damages https://www.cell.com/one-earth/fulltext/S2590-3322(23)00198-7

In Jordanien ist die Landwirtschaft auf die Verlängerung des Abkommens mit Israel über die Wasserversorgung angewiesen. Jordanien ist eines der Länder, die am stärksten unter Wassermangel leiden. Pro Person fehlen im Jahr ca 400 Kubikmeter Wasser. https://www.liberation.fr/international/moyen-orient/crise-de-leau-israel-et-la-jordanie-vont-ils-renouveler-leur-contrat-20240429_T5AOM5SXSVHG5NA2VQI2LW4AHE/

Die Klimabeauftagten der USA und Chinas, John Kerry und Xie Zhenhua, ziehen sich zurück. Der Guardian fast die klimapolitischen Aktivitäten und Versäumnisse beiden Länder zusammen. Beide hätten, stellt Paul Bledsoe fest, erst damit begonnen die Wirtschaften ihrer Länder auf Wege zu viel niedrigeren Emissionen und größerer Klima-Kooperation zu bringen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/jan/21/goodbye-mr-kerry-farewell-mr-xie-end-of-an-era-in-global-climate-politics

Zu Beginn der COP28 wurde die Einrichtung eines loss and damage-Fonds entsprechend den kurz vorher vereinbarten Regularien beschlossen. Deutschland und die UAE sind die ersten Einzahler, andere Länder folgen. Damit kann die Konferenz mit einer Erfolgsmeldung beginnen. Die weitere Finanzierung ist allerdings unklar; die zu erwartenden Beträge bleiben weit hinter dem Bedarf zurück. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/nov/30/agreement-on-loss-and-damage-deal-expected-on-first-day-of-cop28-talks

https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/nov/01/a-titan-of-the-climate-movement-tributes-pour-in-for-saleemul-huq

Bei dem afrikanischen klimagipfel in Nairobi zeichnen sich Konflikte über einen Ausstieg aus fossilen Energien ab. Einige Länder, darunter Nigeria und Senegal, wollen die vorhandenen und zum Teil gerade entdeckten Ressourcen ausbeuten.

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/sep/04/africa-leaders-climate-crisis-plans-nairobi-summit-opens

No mention of Hachaichi's work

• Mohammed Hachaichi References https://jonudell.info/h/facet/?max=100&expanded=true&user=stopresetgo&exactTagSearch=true&any=hachaichi

• Key Finding
  • This paper uses machine learning to overcome unavailable carbon footprints inventories of the Global South
  • which are usually hampered by:
    • lack of local urban emissions data,
    • reduced climate footprint, and
    • shortages in climate finance.

• using these algorithms, the author estimates 24,110 cities' carbon footprints of the Global South

  • to provide a comprehensive analysis on a planetary scale,
  • while allocating responsibilities according to the cities' regions and sizes.

• author

  • Mohammed Hachaichi

• Highlights
  • Downscaling seven of nine = planetary boundaries indicators
    • to the city scale-level
    • for 62 major cities in the = Middle East North Africa (MENA) region
  • Extended-Environmental Input-Output analysis is used to estimate cities’ footprints.
  • The Planetary Boundaries framework is a controlling tool for cities footprints.
  • City-level carbon footprint is higher than the national-level by 17%.

• Title
  • Downscaling the planetary boundaries (Pbs) framework to city scale-level: De-risking MENA region’s environment future
• Author
  • Mohamed Hachaichi

• Title = Water-Food-Energy Nexus i
• n Global Cities:

• Addressing Complex Urban Interdependencies

• Abstract

  • Understanding how water, food, and energy interact in the form of the water-food-energy (WFE) nexus is essential for sustainable development which advocates enhancing human well-being and poverty reduction.

  • The application of the WFE nexus has seen diverse approaches to its implementation in cities across the globe.

  • There is a need to share knowledge in order to improve urban information exchange which focuses on the WFE nexus’ application and impacts on the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals.
  • In this study,
    • Natural Language Processing (NLP) and
    • Affinity Propagation Algorithm (APA)
  • are employed to explore and assess the application of the WFE nexus:
    • first on a regional basis
    • second on the city level
  • The results show that after the exhaustive search of a database containing:
    • 32,736 case studies focusing on
    • 2,233 cities,
  • African and Latin American cities:
  • have the most potential to encounter resource shortages (i.e., WFE limitation)
    • are systematically underrepresented in literature
    • Southern hemisphere cities can benefit from knowledge transfer because of their limited urban intelligence programmes.
  • Hence, with regional and topic bias,
  • there is a potential for more mutual learning links
  • between cities that can increase WFE nexus policy exchange
  • between the Northern and Southern hemispheres
  • through the bottom-up case-study knowledge.

We read a bit about Mecca in the background of Mansa Musa. He was well known for his pilgrimage to Mecca due to the world becoming aware of his great wealth. Mecca is seen as the holiest city of Islam as it was the birthplace of Muhammad, the Islamic Prophet. As the highlighted section stated, people would make a pilgrimage from all over in order to worship Allah and still do so today.