to students

Our goal is to encourage students and young scholars to become a part of the FORCE11 community.

Least of all Elsevier’s shareholders. Err, I mean, the academic community.

transfer ownership of the journal to the collective of editors.

competitively priced

as the world’s third largest open access publisher,

We founded Lingua 66 years ago.

transfer ownership of the journal to the collective of editors

And while she can't endorse complete open access, she said her group is aiming for "balance" of the various issues involved.

Libraries can pay for access to Language, the society's flagship journal, for about $300, "a fraction" of what Lingua costs.

We’re excited to announce a new project funded via the Open Annotation Fund. A grant of $7,300 to Fred Chasen to develop EPUB format integration for Hypothes.is.

Learning may involve putting something like bit strings into banks of molecular switches found inside individual neurons—rather than rewiring the neural circuits.

They are stumped, or refuse to answer

A computer does not learn by rewiring itself; it learns by encoding facts into sequences of ‘0s’ and ‘1s’ called bit strings, which it stores in addressable registers.

op level functions,

Literature

Data space

Glutamate

cerebral cortex (not in

Image gallery

Does the paucity

AMPK activation led to the activation of Rac GTPase and the phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC).

Pyramidal cell

Literature

Features One of the main structural features of the pyramidal neuron is the triangular shaped soma, or cell body, after which the neuron is named. Other key structural features of the pyramidal cell are a single axon, a large apical dendrite, multiple basal dendrites, and the presence of dendritic spines.

Structure

See also

About

Physiology

Image gallery

Summary

To this end,theUniversity has asolemnresponsibilitynotonlyto promotealively andfearlessfreedomof debate anddeliberation,butalsoto protectthatfreedomwhenothersattempttorestrictit.

n a word,the University’s fundamental commitmentistotheprinciplethatdebateordeliberationmay not besuppressedbecause the ideasputfortharethoughtby some or even by most members of the University communityto beoffensive,unwise,immoral,orwrong-headed.ItisfortheindividualmembersoftheUniversity community, notforthe University as an institution,tomake those judgmentsforthemselves,and to act on those judgments not by seeking to suppress speech,but byopenly and vigorously contestingtheideas that theyoppose. Indeed, fostering the ability of members of the University community to engage in such debate and deliberation in an effective and responsiblemanner is an essential part of the University’s educational mission.

a genuine threat or harassm

But itis not theproper role ofthe University to attempt to shield individuals from ideasand opinionsthey find unwelcome, disagreeable, or even deeply offensive. Although theUniversity greatly values civility, and althoughall members of the University community share in the responsibilityformaintaininga climate of mutual respect, concerns about civility and mutual respect can never be used as a justification for closing off discussion of ideas, however offensive or disagreeable those ideas may be to some members of ourcommunity.

t “education should not be intended to make people comfortable, it is meant to make them thin

omething strange is happening at America’s colleges and universities.

But students should also be taught how to live in a world full of potential offenses.

“The presumption that students need to be protected rather than challenged in a classroom is at once infantilizing and anti-intellectual.”

All of these actions teach a common lesson: smart people do, in fact, overreact to innocuous speech, make mountains out of molehills, and seek punishment for anyone whose words make anyone else feel uncomfortable.

A group of women later vandalized Mahmood’s doorway with eggs, hot dogs, gum, and notes with messages such as “Everyone hates you, you violent prick.”

But in 2013, the Departments of Justice and Education greatly broadened the definition of sexual harassment to include verbal conduct that is simply “unwelcome.”

The book honored student opposition to the Ku Klux Klan when it marched on Notre Dame in 1924. Nonetheless, the picture of a Klan rally on the book’s cover offended at least one of the student’s co-workers (he was a janitor as well as a student), and that was enough for a guilty finding by the university’s Affirmative Action Office.

A claim that someone’s words are “offensive” is not just an expression of one’s own subjective feeling of offendedness. It is, rather, a public charge that the speaker has done something objectively wrong. It is a demand that the speaker apologize or be punished by some authority for committing an offense.

many seem fragile

vindictive protectiveness

It is creating a culture in which everyone must think twice before speaking up, lest they face charges of insensitivity, aggression, or worse.

And more than the last, this movement seeks to punish anyone who interferes with that aim, even accidentally. You might call this impulse vindictive protectiveness.

More than the last, it presumes an extraordinary fragility of the collegiate psyche, and therefore elevates the goal of protecting students from psychological harm. The ultimate aim, it seems, is to turn campuses into “safe spaces” where young adults are shielded from words and ideas that make some uncomfortable.

FORCE11 Member since June 17, 2015

Data Citation Implementation Working Group – Publication

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Lets

data annotation

60%

Outcomes

Outcomes

In this Opinion Paper, the Science Europe Scientific Committee for the Life, Environmental and Geo Sciences wishes to alert academic employers, promotion and appointment Committees and European and national research funding organisations to the lack of clear evaluation metrics for scientists working in multidisciplinary teams. The absence of such metrics already has a negative impact on career paths, as many scientists hesitate to participate in multidisciplinary research. Therefore, the Committee has devised concrete recommendations to contribute to the elaboration of an appropriate evaluation framework.

Established in 2004, t

NIF has touched people's lives in amazing ways.

People at NIF

Anita Bandrowski, Ph.D., Project Lead, UC San Diego

NIF 2011 All Hands Meeting, June 16-17, UC San Diego

Karen Skinner, National Institutes of Health Paul Sternberg, Ph.D., California Institute of Technology David C. Van Essen, Ph.D., Washington University in St. Louis

Hans-Michael Muller, Ph.D., California Institute of Technology Sridevi Polavaram, George Mason University Xufei Qian, Ontology and Data Engineer, UC San Diego

Jennifer Lawrence, Administrative, UC San Diego

Jonathan Cachat, UC San Diego Paolo Ciccarese, Harvard University Tim Clark, Harvard University Christopher Condit, Applications Engineer, UC San Diego Mark Ellisman, UC San Diego Lee G. Hornbrook, M.A., Web support and Communications, UC San Diego Fahim Imam, Ontology Engineer, UC San Diego Stephen Larson, UC San DiegoCliff Lee, UC San Diego

Vadim Astakhov, Software Engineer, UC San Diego

Giorgio Ascoli, Ph.D., George Mason University

Andrea Arnaud, UC San Diego

In addition to providing feedback and input during planning and implementation phases of the cohort, participants should have significant representation on PMI-CP governance and oversight committees (4.1)

The best approach will balance normalization of only the highest value data initially for all participants followed by on-demand data curation of other data as driven by scientific demand. I

To be useful to the goals of PMI, the Working Group recommends that all potential participants in the PMI cohort must agree to share their health data, provide a biospecimen, and be recontacted for future research (3.1).

participant engagement

Coincident with advancing the science of medicine is a changing culture of medical practice and medical research that engages individuals as active partners – not just as patients or research subjects

Precision medicine is an approach to disease treatment and prevention that seeks to maximize effectiveness by taking into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle.

Normal aging is described as aging not accompanied by behavioral or cognitive dysfunctions associated with the cholinergic basal forebrain system

Cholinergic system research may provide the key to treating and reversing this devastating disease.

o send its messages

Cholinergic neurons provide the primary source of acetylcholine to the cerebral cortex,

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anterior cingulate area 24

caudalanteriorcingulate

Anterior Cingulate Gyrus

cingulate gyrus

Anterior cingulate cortex

Anterior cingulate area

Anterior cingulate area(ACA)

anterior cingulate cortex

anterior cingulate cortex

anterior cingulate cortex

cingulate cortex (BA24)

area 24 of cingulate cortex, 24

Anterior (rostral) cingulate

Rostral anterior cingulate gyrus

Anterior rostral cingulate cortex

Anterior Cingulate Gyrus

acc

anterior cingulate

anterior cingulate cortex

Anterior cingulate cortex

Anterior cingulate cortex;

Univariate analyses of the preclinical database revealed an essentially random pattern of the rank ordering of individual outcome variables according to injury severity, indicating that the most systematic effects were observed at the multivariate level. These data suggest that univariate analysis (e.g., bivariate correlation/regression, ANOVA, t-tests), used by many fields in preclinical research, have the potential to produce inconsistent ‘votes’ for the significance of experimental effects depending on which outcome variables are analyzed.

Despite data heterogeneity, the large size and detailed nature of the dataset enabled data-driven detection of recovery as a graded, emergent pattern defined within the full multivariate syndromic space

We first built an information-rich database containing the total set of detailed behavioral and histological outcomes from 159 rats with various types of experimental cervical SCI and multiple outcome metrics (>15,000 data points).

This is problematic because translational disease features are often reflected in the association among outcomes rather than on individual measures

“Universities have become more corporate than many corporations.”

I appreciate your interest, but having been in my position for only the last 1.5 years, I have no personal insights into this case. While there are issues in what can be disclosed, in my case there is simply the absence of knowledge of the case other than through the media

Martin has been under pressure to retract the paper for years, including from within his own society.

It is often said that science self corrects. But for those who have been calling for a retraction of the Keller paper for many years, the system has failed. None of the paper’s 22 mostly academic university authors, nor the journal’s editors, nor the academic and professional institutions they belong to, have intervened to correct the record.

but by an outside medical writer hired by GSK

This is problematic because the article has been influential in the literature supporting the use of antidepressants in adolescents.

Access to primary data from trials has important implications for both clinical practice and research, including that published conclusions about efficacy and safety should not be read as authoritative. The reanalysis of Study 329 illustrates the necessity of making primary trial data and protocols available to increase the rigour of the evidence base.

Maryann Martone

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has arisen

a response to frustration at owner absence

but it is clear that the presence of the owner was not able to ameliorate these effects, which should be the case if they serve as an attachment figure in the original sense of Bowlby [8], as compared to the wider sense used by some authors [47].

Thus it seems that in the context of SST, passive behaviour by domestic cats, may be associated more with a state of anxiety rather than comfort, as has been found in other studies

We do not reject that cats may have social preferences, nor that some cats might form this type of attachment in certain circumstances, nor do we wish to imply that cats do not form some form of affectionate social relationship or bond with their owners (a broader sense use of the term “attachment”), only that the relationship with the primary caregiver is not typically characterised by a preference for that individual based on them providing safety and security to the cat

except in the case of level of vocalisation if it is a proxy of distress

Firstly, relevant aspects of the behaviour of cats are not reliable enough to be used in an evaluation of attachment (i.e. aspects of the test produce unreliable data).

When all of these episodes are combined to examine the overall effect of absence of owner versus stranger on vocalisation, there was no significant difference.

‘Marking’ behaviour exhibited an episode-order effect (A2+A8 vs B6+B4, z = 1107.5, p<0.05; A1 vs B5 [marking owner], z = 263.5, p<0.05; A1 vs B5 [marking stranger], z = 251.0, p<0.01), but no test-order effect and so these data were used in comparisons relating to the same episodes in the two conditions where relevant to the assessment of attachment.

Any cat subjects who remained in the hiding place throughout the experimental testing procedures were removed from the data analysis, since they provided no useful data.

Two females of similar height, build and appearance were used as the stranger (one for each condition).

One female cat and all males had been neutered, and no entire female was in season.

13 males and 7 females

with four males and 16 females

This meant their data came from 6 minutes of observation of the cat with the owner, 3 minutes with the stranger and 3 minutes when the cat was alone.

normal healthy response

show signs of pleasure upon their return

hat our ‘hardware’ is tuneable, at least to some extent

The authors studied two apparently different classes of fast-spiking interneurons, only to discover that they were actually looking at the same piece of ‘hardware’ which had the ability to oscillate between two different ground states

The cortical basket cell is a class of interneurons usually found in layers II-V. They are characterized by specific axonal terminations, which are in the form of pericellular "baskets" around the cell bodies of the target cells. Basket cells are distinct from other types of interneurons in that they have the highest tendency to target somata. Cortical basket cells are further subdivided morphologically and electrophysiologically.

instance #2

The personnel officer of a factory drops a stack of a few thousand employee cards into a selecting machine, sets a code in accordance with an established convention, and produces in a short time a list of all employees who live in Trenton and know Spanish.

here will always be plenty of things to compute in the detailed affairs of millions of people doing complicated things

glasses is a square of fine lines

There is film in the walnut for a hundred exposures, and the spring for operating its shutter and shifting its film is wound once for all when the film clip is inserted.

Two centuries ago Leibnitz invented a calculating machine which embodied most of the essential features of recent keyboard devices, but it could not then come into use. The economics of the situation were against it: the labor involved in constructing it, before the days of mass production, exceeded the labor to be saved by its use, since all it could accomplish could be duplicated by sufficient use of pencil and paper. Moreover, it would have been subject to frequent breakdown, so that it could not have been depended upon; for at that time and long after, complexity and unreliability were synonymous.

as truly significant attainments become lost in the mass of the inconsequential

Professionally our methods of transmitting and reviewing the results of research are generations old and by now are totally inadequate for their purpose.

The investigator is staggered by the findings and conclusions of thousands of other workers—conclusions which he cannot find time to grasp, much less to remember, as they appear.

For the biologists, and particularly for the medical scientists, there can be little indecision, for their war has hardly required them to leave the old paths

gainst RelA (polyclonal C-20

It was transferred to Boehringer-Mannheim as Clone 12H11, resold to Roche and finally bought by Chemicon, and it is now sold as MAB3026.

Big data from small data: data-sharing in the 'long tail' of neuroscience.

so-called long-tail data

Among the voices for reform, hybrid entrepreneurs are opening the way for a reformulation of the current economic order, combining the principles, practices, and logics of modern capitalism with more inclusive humanitarian ideals.

compensation systems

Rather than look for job candidates with experience in either social welfare work or finance, Los Andes hired college graduates with essentially no work experience and then trained them to be microfinance loan officers committed both to the social mission of the organization and to effective operations. The idea was that without social-based or profit-based experience, employees would find it easier to adhere to the hybrid mission. Although this approach constrained the rate of growth at first, it proved to be more sustainable.

Like all hybrids, however, these organizations are still subject to the risk of mission drift, as they may give priority to profit seeking over social mission. This drifting may lead them to either start charging higher prices or expand their customer pool by targeting wealthier and more profitable market segments.

For example, educational programs might increase a child’s future earnings, but organizations cannot recoup the child’s future wealth.

When consumption yields both revenue and social value, customers and beneficiaries may become indistinguishable

We find that many hybrid entrepreneurs have been able to find supportive capital partners through this type of early stage financing.

venture philanthropists

To create better options for hybrids, several efforts are under way to establish new types of legal structures. In the United States, there are three such forms: the L3C (Low-Profit Limited Liability Company), the Benefit Corporation, and the Flexible Purpose Corporation.

Indeed, a hybrid that registers as a nonprofit cannot access equity capital markets because it cannot legally sell ownership stakes to investors. But if a hybrid incorporates as a for-profit, it cannot offer the same tax benefits to donors as registered nonprofits can, even if these approaches lead to the most effective social solution.

As we have seen in microfinance and other industries where hybrids have grown, however, the real-world pursuit of the hybrid ideal is fraught with potential missteps. Recent scandals and critiques of microfinance institutions have focused on a drift away from social mission to more typical for-profit priorities—leading many observers to question whether social problems, such as extreme poverty, can be solved through strategies that also produce revenue.

More important, the integration of social and commercial value creation enables a virtuous cycle of profit and reinvestment in the social mission that builds large-scale solutions to social problems.

Hybrids also must strike a delicate balance between social and economic objectives, to avoid “mission drift”—in this case, a focus on profits to the detriment of the social good.

Like hybrid species in nature, hybrid organizational models can be a fountain of innovation. But they also face distinct challenges that may prevent them from thriving. When organizations combine social mission with commercial activities, they create unfamiliar combinations of activities for which a supportive ecosystem may not yet exist.

Many senior researchers resent the idea that an outsider, typically a younger scientist, with less expertise, would critique work that often has taken years of study to pull off.

some (20th century) scientists don't even think we would benefit from doing away with 20th century peer review!

Unfortunately the inertia behind the 20th century system is so large that I don't hold out a huge amount of hope that change will occur (people will do what the funding requires and so long as some major funding sources judge based on "published papers" people will submit to journals)

The threat of peer review would still be there.

isible at the same site where the paper exists

Archibald MacLeish does, that “A poem should not mean / But be,”

Thus the first of our two theoretical questions could be spelled out as follows: are there any characteristics of texts (content, style, genre, period) that allow for the inference of general principles that help us describe what is to be annotated and in which manner?

t is, therefore, even more surprising that this old practice is not provided or backed up with an adequate theory (cf. Assmann, “Text und Kommentar”; Eggert; van Peursen; Drucker; Parry; Sutherland, “Paper-based Editing and the Digital Environment”).

Firstly, what is the idea of the literary text presupposed by annotation, and what does annotation do to a text, both in its medial and material form and as regards its meaning?

The reason for this is the sheer lack of a theory of literary annotation.

Recent studies have suggested a link between delirium in the critically ill and long term cognitive dysfunction through a mechanism hypothesized as delirium acting as a subclinical dementing illness (Hopkins and Jackson 2006).

particularly haloperidol,

In patients with mixed motor or hyperactive delirium, agitation may lead to inadvertently pulled tubes, drains or lines.

Specific interventions which have been shown to reduce delirium include: (1) an orientation protocol to provide the patient with repeated orientation to their surroundings and care team members, (2) a sleep protocol to provide uninterrupted night time sleep, (3) an early-mobilization protocol to allow for daily ambulation and range of motion, (4) a vision protocol to allow easy access to glasses and other visual aids, and (5) a hearing protocol to provide amplifying devices and other hearing aids (Inouye et al 1999).

restless, irritable, combative, or agitated

Over 50% of delirium on inpatient services is unrecognized by the clinical team (Milisen et al 2002)

n comparison to high surgical risk procedures such as vascular operations which result in delirium in 36% of cases

Assessing all preoperative risk factors, pre-existing dementia appears to be the strongest predictor for the occurrence of postoperative delirium (Dasgupta and Dumbrell 2006)

One study found that 88.1% of datasets within the Data Citation Index remained uncited [25]. Another study found that even a national data center rarely could identify formal citations of their data [26].

Data Discovery Index Coordination Consortium [38] as they move forward to make biomedical big data more discoverable, accessible, and citable.

The basic challenge is therefore deciding which data are most worthy of the additional resources and effort that will inevitably be required to make them readily discoverable and accessible. Arguably, useful and manageable data discovery systems should focus on datasets that show potential for reuse or that point to significant findings so that underlying data should be available to others to assess validity and accuracy.

(or were eligible to be)

Few annotators chose to use the controlled list; most preferred to use the “Other” option to describe the datasets they found, highlighting the difficulty in establishing a suitable classification for biomedical data types

Combining results from all annotators, we estimate that 87% of the articles involved the collection of new data, and 13% involved the analysis of pre-existing data

(e.g., the acronym RGD for Rat Genome Database

This finding strongly suggests that any future reviews should be expanded beyond the Acknowledgements section to the entire text of an article.