B. flagelos.

B. membrana citoplasmática.

D. lisosomas.

B. mitocondrias.

el aparato de Golgi

C. retículo endoplásmico rugoso.

Estado 3 diferentes funciones asociadas al citoesqueleto de células eucariotas. (ans)

ans

Indicar qué organismos eucariotas poseen una pared celular y cuáles carecen de una pared celular. (ans)

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The more neuroscientific research progresses, the more clearly it is established that human behavior and mental processes—the key interests for psychological study—are intimately intertwined with activity in the brain.

the frontal lobes were considered silent structures, without function and unrelated to human behavior.

He further explained that "humidity" inside the head contributed to mood changes and when this moisture inside the brain goes beyond limits, the brain loses control over its rationality and mental disorders appear

The Organization of Behavior, where he introduced the first comprehensive theory on how the brain might create and control complex psychological functioning

In 1950, positron emission tomography (PET) scans were used to look at brain activity or communication in a living patient. Researchers were able to look at different parts of the brain in different situations. In other words, they could look at real time activity of the brain as the person laughed or was scared to see what ares of the brain lit up. This gave an indication of what areas of the brain maybe responsible for different emotions or behaviors.

This led to the formation of the neuron doctrine, the hypothesis that the functional unit of the brain is the neuron, also known as a nerve cell. Today, the field accepts neuronal theory which states that the nervous system is made up of individual nerve cells called neurons (Klein and Thorne, 2006).

In 1848, John Martyn Harlow treated Phineas Gage and documented his case. Gage, who was a railroad worker, had his frontal lobe pierced by an iron tamping rod in a blasting accident. He survived the trauma but suffered extensive damage to his left prefrontal cortex (Macmillan, 2001). Through Gage's case study, Harlow showed the connection between the prefrontal cortex damage, executive functioning, and personality changes.

Starting in early 1800's, a series of researchers began to catalog different brain parts and their presumed role in behavior.

Galenic view of anatomy (which emphasized three major systems--the heart, brain, and blood--and the importance of a balance between four bodily fluids--blood, phlegm, and black and yellow bile)

Early philosophers, such as Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.), believed that one's mind resided in the heart. He believed that since our blood started from the heart, the soul also originated there. Plato (428-347 B.C.E.) argued that the executor of reason was the heart and our animalistic desires and emotions were controlled by the liver (Gross, 1987). Many ancient cultures, including the Chinese, Indian, and Egyptian also shared the same belief (Carlson, 2014). When the Egyptians embalmed a person, the heart was saved and buried with the individual but the brain was discarded (Klein and Thorne, 2006). However, there were early Greeks, such as Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.E.) , who believed that it was the brain and not the heart where the locus of the mind resided. He wrote: "It ought to be generally known that the source of our pleasure, merriment, laughter, and amusement, as of our grief, pain, anxiety, and tears is none other than the brain. It is specially the organ which enables us to think, see, and hear......It is the brain too which is the seat of madness and delirium, of the fears and frights which assail us" (Gross, 1987, p. 843-844).

Examining the history of biopsychology allows us to understand its development over time, highlighting instances where researchers were wrong about the nature of brain-behavior relationships and revealing what we have yet to explain (Saucier and Elias, 2006).

William James in his book, The Principles of Psychology (1890), argued that the scientific study of psychology should be grounded in an understanding of biology (Walinga, 2014). Like many early psychologists, James had extensive training in physiology.

effort

.

a key organizational principle of the brain: the localization of function

The frequently repeated claim that humans use only 10% of their brains is false.

motivated behavior (such as hunger, thirst, and sex); control of movement; learning and memory; sleep and biological rhythms; and emotion

mind-body dualism or mind-brain dualism

.

14

The above method is sometimes called the Complementary Method. There is yet a more specific approach called the Complementary Algorithm. It relies on the idea of complements that we defined in an earlier exercise set. In Base Ten, pairs of complements were 1 & 9, 2 & 8, 3 & 7, 4 & 6 and 5 & 5. For the complementary method, you find a very specific complement of the subtrahend and add it to both the minuend and subtrahend before subtracting. The complement, in this case, is a 1 followed only by zeros such that the number of zeros is the same number of digits in the minuend. First, you'll have to come up with an easy way to find the complement of a given number.

Each to each a looking-glass / Reflects the other that doth pass”1

Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system. The more neuroscientific research progresses, the more clearly it is established that human behavior and mental processes—the key interests for psychological study—are intimately intertwined with activity in the brain. It encompasses the branch of biology that deals with the anatomy, biochemistry, molecular biology, and physiology of neurons and neural circuits. It also encompasses cognition (thinking) and human behavior.

He became a man of bad and rude ways, disrespectful to colleagues, and unable to accept advice. His plans for the future were abandoned, and he acted without thinking about the consequences.

Surgical errors, extreme mistreatment, and tragic accidents are impactful events that can alter individuals significantly, providing unique opportunities to study the effects of experiences which can not be ethically studied experimentally.

A thesis statement that is forceful shows readers that you are, in fact, making an argument.

A factual statement often is not considered arguable.

the creation of a thesis statement begins when you choose a broad subject and then narrow down its parts until you pinpoint a specific aspect of that topic

It is specific and focuses on one to three points of a single idea

For whatever topic your professor gives you, you must ask yourself, “What do I want to say about it?”

It is not enough merely to discuss a general topic or simply answer a question with a yes or no.

You should form your thesis before you begin to organize an essay,

an essay can fall into the same trap of being out of order and confusing.

hat needed further explanation or providing too many details on a meaningless element.

Have you ever known a person who was not very good at telling stories?

⋂X∈CX={x∈U | x∈X for some X∈C}

Since 𝑥∈𝑓(𝐴)x∈f(A)x \in f(A) and 𝑦∈𝑓(𝐵)y∈f(B)y \in f(B), 𝑦∈𝑓(𝐴)∩𝑓(𝐵

When we read good writing, we get lost in the experience and in the images the words are creating in our minds. We are transported.

Sometimes this concept confuses my students. “But I can feel love,” they say. “I can feel anger.” And, yes, of course we can recall what those emotions feel like when they are referenced in a poem. And, in fact, we feel actual sensations brought on by these emotions when they happen. Our blood races when we’re in love, our stomach jumps when our lover or someone we desire walks into sight. We feel our chests swell when we think about our mothers and our fathers, but when we read abstract words like “love” and “anger” we experience them in a vague, cloudy way, reliant more on our own individual memories that involved our five senses to make, rather than the poem itself using our five senses through imagery to create a new experience and memory.

the poem shifts its spotlight on the feelings of the speaker

Ideally, the poem should recreate the experience of a poem through concrete details so the reader isn’t merely told about the experience through the speaker, but shown the experience which the poet recreates in a way that engages the reader’s five senses.

v2+v1)

. What distinguishes listening from hearing?

If you chose (d), you may be a kinesthetic learner. You learn best through doing, and prefer hands-on activities. In long lectures, fidgeting may help you focus.

You would start putting the pieces together and figure out the process through trial and error, consulting the directions as you worked.

Most people have one channel that works best for them when it comes to taking in new information.

handshakes

The duodenum contains Brunner’s glands that produce bicarbonate, and pancreatic juice that contains bicarbonate to neutralize hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

reproduce in kind

Diatomic Molecules

The unions of the Bay Area looked anxiously at LA, for lower wages there tempted companies to relocate. Bay Area unions were also pressured by employers who competed with southern California companies and their lower labor costs. Extremists in the International Association of Bridge and Structural Iron Workers, including John and James McNamara, had begun to set bombs to terrorize opponents of unions. In 1910, they targeted the Los Angeles Times building. In the early hours of October 1, an explosion ripped open the building and ignited a roaring fire. Twenty-one people died. William Burns, whose detective agency had aided the San Francisco graft investigation, tracked down the bombers. Most union leaders considered it a “frame-up” and

Africans were often prevented from learning to read and write as a form of control.

It conveys its message comically through certain conventions that come along with the meme genre, such as the syntactic structure "me, a [insert noun]

s take the form of text superimposed on an image.

Literary genres include creative nonfiction, fiction, drama, and poetry.

uses different colors, paintbrushes, mediums, canvases, and techniques, the writer us

distinctions

What counts as a credible website in this tier

We have to balance our energy and our focus to get what we really want.

But these explanations for success or failure aren’t necessarily accurate.

unhappy with anything less than an A in a course although maybe this depends on the difficulty of the subject.

Maybe success means receiving a certificate of completion or finishing skill-based training.

today's college graduates lacking in interpersonal skills, problem solving, effective written and oral communication skills, the ability to work together in teams, and critical and analytical thinking"

In college writing classes, students study specific topics in depth, research ideas, and then, in a process that involves planning, reading, writing, researching, and revising, present their ideas in a well-organized format

If you want to be professional, you need to interact frequently with others. You have to be someone who can anticipate and solve complex problems and coordinate your work with others. Whether you're in business, an entrepreneur, or in a corporation, all of these skills depend on effective communication.

found that 89 percent of employers believe that colleges and universities should place more emphasis on teaching students to "effectively communicate orally and in writing”

how to write is an essential skill that is as relevant today as ever!

Eo cell ΔGΔG\Delta G Q & K Relationship Reaction Direction Spontaneity (as written)

Revision can be one of the most important, instructive, and even pleasurable parts of the writing process.

Once you have an idea of the points you will cover in your essay, an outline can help you plan how you will support each one.

Annotating a text can help us engage, understand, assess, and respond, all of which lay a foundation for writing about that text.

Having peers, tutors, friends, or family members read and respond to our papers can help us see what we can improve.

To write a complete first version of a piece of writing, we need to pace ourselves and give ourselves permission to write something we're not satisfied with.

A variety of tricks can help us get started coming up with ideas.

The writing process will help us form our ideas if we take it step by step, reflecting on which strategies we need at each stage.

Describe the stages of the writing process Identify strategies for annotation, brainstorming, outlining, and drafting Choose what to focus on in revision Give constructive feedback on a peer's draft Evaluate and incorporate peer feedback.

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looted

rate of effusion Arate of effusion B=MBMA−−−−√(10.7.1)

Of course, human beings have always used language to judge and control one another.

Teaching grammar in a rigid, this-is-inherently-better-than-that way is irresponsible—and it can be dangerous.

We need to put to rest the idea that digital forms of writing pose a threat to overall writing ability.

Writing has a special place in our cultural commentary: Everybody thinks they are an expert, but only when it comes to seeing that things are getting worse—what some writing experts call grammar rants.

Instead of viewing e-communications as a cause of worry or harm, perhaps we might instead see the use of digital writing as yet another example of how humans find ingenious ways to make language, in all its systems and nuances, work in new contexts.

Plato took a look at writing itself—that odd, scribing technology emerging during his time—and sounded the alarm; in his work, Phaedrus, he expressed concern that writing might be dangerous because it could damage our ability to memorize and offered only the semblance of wisdom. Since Plato’s ancient worries, concerns have continued unabated. Education professor Harvey Daniels calls these moments language panics that “are as familiar a feature of the human chronicle as wars.”

In his article, “The Phenomenology of Error,” writing scholar Joseph Williams lists this history of fierce tirades against poor grammar and writing, but he also demonstrates that many “rules of grammar lack practical force.” Williams takes a clever approach to make his point. He repeatedly shows that people, including some famous writers who express strong views about specific writing errors, fail to notice such errors in their own writing. Williams states that we often do not see errors unless we look for them, and he makes this assertion directly about the way teachers read and criticize their own students’ writing. To further emphasize this point, Williams embeds 100 such errors in his own article and asks readers, mostly English teachers, how many they saw; doubtless, few noticed the vast majority of them.

If an error is on the page but no one sees it, is it really an error? Does it matter?

Real Rules: These “define what makes English English,” such, he says, as an article preceding a noun: the book, not book the. Social Rules: These “distinguish Standard English from nonstandard,” such as not using ain’t. Invented Rules: “Some grammarians have invented a handful of rules that they think we all should observe,” Williams writes, such as not splitting an infinitive: to quietly leave would thus be wrong to a purist.

In the journal Reading and Writing, another group of researchers studied the relationship between texting and grammar and found considerable inconsistency in writing patterns for different tasks and age groups, concluding that “parents and educators need not be concerned that children’s grammatical knowledge is being consistently or directly compromised when they make grammatical violations in their text messages.” A small study by writing researcher Michaela Cullington, in which she reviewed papers from a number of students, finds no examples of texting shortcuts in otherwise formal school writing.

“My students tell me that writing is something you do in class for a grade. All the other modes are talking.” Redefining what we mean by writing could help clarify some of these critiques.

ubiquitous

Quelling

inexorably

paradoxically

newfangled

Texting Ruins Students’ Grammar Skills

Scott Warnock

A typical way to define a function 𝑓ff from a set 𝑆SS, called the domain of the function, to a set 𝑇TT, called the range, is that 𝑓ff is a relationship between 𝑆SS to 𝑇TT that relates one and only one member of 𝑇TT to each element of 𝑋XX. We use 𝑓(𝑥)f(x)f(x) to stand for the element of 𝑇TT that is related to the element 𝑥xx of 𝑆SS. If we wanted to make our definition more precise, we could substitute the word “relation” for the word “relationship” and we would have a more precise definition. For our purposes, you can choose whichever definition you prefer. However, in any case, there is a relation associated with each function. As we said above, the relation of a function 𝑓:𝑆→𝑇f:S→Tf: S → T (which is the standard shorthand for “𝑓ff is a function from 𝑆SS to 𝑇TT” and is usually read as 𝑓ff maps 𝑆SS to 𝑇TT) is the set of all ordered pairs (𝑥,𝑓(𝑥))(x,f(x))(x, f(x)) such that 𝑥xx is in 𝑆SS.

home-rule amendment in 1912

Ransom

Equations 3.6.83.6.8\ref{3.6.11} and 3.6.113.6.11\ref{3.6.14} can be combined to produce ddt∫∞−∞|ψ|2dx=i2m[ψ∗∂ψ∂x−ψ∂ψ∗∂x]∞−∞=0.(3.6.12)(3.6.12)ddt∫−∞∞|ψ|2dx=i2m[ψ∗∂ψ∂x−ψ∂ψ∗∂x]−∞∞=0.\dfrac{d}{dt}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \vert\psi\vert^2 dx= \dfrac{\rm{i}}{2m} \left[\psi^*\dfrac{\partial\psi}{\partial x}- \psi\dfrac{\partial\psi^*}{\partial x} \right]_{-\infty}^{\infty} = 0. \label{3.6.15} The above equation is satisfied provided the wavefunction converges lim|x|→∞|ψ|=0(3.6.13)

Constitutional Convention was called in 1875

The 1869 document contained more forceful language against secession, greater protections for freedmen, and limits on local power, as localities were believed to be the source of racial hostility.

election

hirteenth Amendment (the abolition of slavery), Fourteenth Amendment (the grant of citizenship and equality before the law—equal rights—to freedmen and women), and the

No major Articles were added or deleted. The individual property rights of the slave-owner was prioritized. No law could be passed about emancipation. Individuals could not free their own slaves. Immigration of slaves from other states could not be limited. Enslaved people continued to have the right to jury trials, punished as they would be against a White victim, “except in case of insurrection by such slave.”28 But to this was added: “or rape on a white female.”29 The nature of the changes make clear that the principle concern of the members of the secession Convention was to ensure the preservation of slavery.

exican–American War (1846-1848)

Convention

836 1845 1861

Many of its features reappear in most, and in some cases all, of the constitutions to come. These included the due process rights common in the American states (for example, protection against unlawful search and seizure and the right to be tried by a jury of your peers), the separation of powers backed up with checks and balances, and a wide variety of elected positions with short terms and term limits.

tyrannie.

Capitalism is distinguished from the other two modes of production as an economic system based on private property owned by a capitalist class. In the domestic and tributary modes of production, workers typically own their means of production (for example, the land they farm). However, in the capitalist mode of production, workers typically do not own the factories they work in or the businesses they work for, and so they sell their labor power to other people, the capitalists, in order to survive.

formal social domination

λ+1

__________ (

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suffrage

Constitutional Convention in 1875

Studies show reading literature may help promote empathy and social skills (Castano and Kidd) alleviate symptoms of depression (Billington et al.) business leaders succeed (Coleman) prevent dementia by stimulating the mind (Thorpe)

l'impératif catégorique

(1) Nous devons agir sur la base de la bonne volonté plutôt que sur des motivations purement égoïstes qui profitent à nous-mêmes aux dépens des autres ; (2) nous ne devons jamais traiter les autres comme des moyens d'atteindre des fins qui nous sont bénéfiques sans les considérer également comme des fins. en eux-mêmes.

When the enslaved Indians exhausted the islands’ meager gold reserves, the Spaniards forced them to labor on their huge new estates, the encomiendas.

when Europeans arrived, carrying smallpox, typhus, influenza, diphtheria, measles, and hepatitis, plagues decimated Native communities.

CAP

Great Depression ushered in the election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1932

Pure Food and Drug Act, the Federal Reserve Act, the Income Tax Amendment, and the Nineteenth Amendment, which gave women the right to vote

Progressive Era

Fourteenth Amendment

Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee (1816), McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824).

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

In Gibbons v Ogden (1824)

artin v Hunter’s Lessee (1816)

Seventeenth Amendment

qual Protection Clause

state’s responsibility to protect the safety of its citizens so policing falls to the states and the federal government cannot suspend habeas corpus (protection from unlawful imprisonment)

reserved powers

Tenth Amendment

t that meeting—held in secret—Virginia’s Edmund Randolph began by outlining the deficiencies of the confederated form of government, and in turn what a national government should do: provide security against foreign invasion; settle quarrels between the states; promote commerce; pushback on encroachments from the state; wield power over the states.

Have empathy, be polite, and offer to assist with other questions or requests.

You don't want to submit perfect progress reports and then suddenly your supervisor finds out the project is behind schedule!

But memos evolved into emails, although paper memos are still created, and often then scanned and distributed electronically.

Please keep in mind that if it is your job to answer questions on the topic of x, then it doesn't look good if you say "I don't know the answer to that question on the topic of x," and end the email/memo. Such a response will sour a customer on your brand very quickly.

Do you want readers to respect your writing, read it with ease, and come away with a clear sense of what you intended to communicate and a positive impression of you as a co-worker or team member? If so, knowing the memo format and a bit of the reason why memos look as they do will help you in structuring your memo/email properly. As we move through this lesson, you will learn more about what types of content go in the main types of emails/memos, and how to write clearly and effectively.

organize your narrative chronologically. Use paragraph breaks at logical points to make it easier to read your report.

It's important not to make the minutes a "play by play" of conversations, and especially don't get bogged down in the details. Just make sure to take down the main points

You don't want to submit perfect progress reports and then suddenly your supervisor finds out the project is behind schedule!

As memos or emails, you will want to start by putting the documents in the correct format.

The Plague of Athens

Japan

Comparison

Take-Away

Likewise

suceptable

the

triplet state

Like headings, the various types of lists are an important feature of professional technical writing: they help readers understand, remember, and review key points; they help readers follow a sequence of actions or events; and they break up long stretches of straight text.

Indicate a heading's level through design. Use type size, type style, color, boldness, italicization, and alignment to make a heading's level obvious. ("Levels" of headings are like levels in an outline: Level 1 corresponds to the large, capitalized roman numerals; Level 2 to the capital letters; Level 3 to the arabic numerals; Level 4 to the lower-case roman numerals; and so on.)

Fonts & Color

Make notices more prominent and noticeable as they become more severe. Consider using this standard hierarchy: "Danger" for situations that could involve severe injury or death "Warning" for situations that could involve minor injury "Caution" for situations that could involve equipment damage, data loss, or a threat to a procedure's success "Note" for exceptions or situations that do not require the preceding tags

The constant barrage of abuse, including death threats and threats of sexual violence, is silencing people, pushing them off online platforms and further reducing the diversity of online voices and opinion. And it shows no sign of abating.

x0

Information systems are combinations of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that people build and use to collect, create, and distribute useful data, typically in organizational settings.

\[y_{p}(t)=y_{2}(t) \int_{t_{1}}^{t} \frac{f(\tau) y_{1}(\tau)}{a(\tau) W(\tau)} d \tau-y_{1}(t) \int_{t_{0}}^{t} \frac{f(\tau) y_{2}(\tau)}{a(\tau) W(\tau)} d \tau .\label{eq:6}\