1,679 Matching Annotations
  1. Oct 2026
    1. Identification of the Gene and the Mutation Responsible for the Mouse nob Phenotype

      PMID: 12506099

      Gene: NYX

      HGNC: 8082

      Disease: Congenital stationary night blindness 1A

      MONDO: 0010690

      InheritancePattern: X-linked recessive

      Prevalence: Congenital stationary night blindness has an estimated prevalence between 1 in 6,000 (PMID: 31427709) and 1 in 300,000 (PMID: 3487908). However, the prevalence of congenital stationary night blindness 1A specifically is unknown.

      Penetrance: Penetrance is thought to be complete.

    1. Mutations in KCNJ13 Cause Autosomal-Dominant Snowflake Vitreoretinal Degeneration

      PMID: 18179896

      Gene: KCNJ13

      HGNC: 6259

      Disease: snowflake vitreoretinal degeneration

      MONDO: 0008663

      InheritancePattern: autosomal dominant

      Prevalence: The overall prevalence of snowflake vitreoretinal degeneration is ~1 in 1,000,000 (https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/91496).

      Penetrance: Known disease-causing alleles appear to be completely penetrant (PMID: 14644728).

    1. Leber congenital amaurosis

      PMID: 9501220

      Gene: RPE65

      HGNC: 10294

      Disease: Leber congenital amaurosis 2

      MONDO: 0008765

      InheritancePattern: Autosomal Recessive

      Prevalence: The overall prevalence of Leber congenital amaurosis is between 1 in 33,000 and 1 in 100,000 newborns, while the proportion of Leber congenital amaurosis caused by RPE65 variants is between 1% and 16.7%. Thus, the prevalence of Leber congenital amaurosis 2 is between 1 in 200,000 and 1 in 10,000,000.

      Penetrance: Fully penetrant, with onset typically by 1 year of age

    1. Identification of the gene (BBS1) most commonly involved in Bardet-Biedl syndrome, a complex human obesity syndrome

      PMID: 12118255

      Gene: BBS1

      HGNC: 966

      Disease: Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1

      MONDO: 0008854

      InheritancePattern: autosomal recessive

      Prevalence: The prevalence of BBS1 variants among Bardet-Biedl syndrome cohorts has been reported as at least 20% (PMID: 19402160), while the prevalence of Bardet-Biedl syndrome overall has been estimated between 1 in 13,500 and 1 in 160,000 live births, depending on the population (PMID: 22713813).

      Penetrance: The penetrance of the phenotype among homozygous cases appears to be complete.

    1. Mainzer-Saldino Syndrome Is a Ciliopathy Caused by IFT140 Mutations

      PMID: 22503633

      Gene: IFT140

      HGNC: 29077

      Disease: Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 9 with or without polydactyly

      MONDO: 0009964

      InheritancePattern: autosomal recessive

      Prevalence: Within the lumped disease entity for this curation, the most prevalent form may be retinitis pigmentosa. The prevalence of Saldino-Mainzer syndrome (one of the synonyms of Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 9) is less than 1 in 1,000,000. The prevalence of Leber congenital amaurosis cases caused by IFT140 variants (PMID: 26216056) is calculated to be less than 1 in 3,000,000. Although IFT140 variants are estimated to be responsible for less than 2% of RP, the prevalence of the overall disorder at 1 in 3,000 or 1 in 4,000 means the frequency of these cases could potentially be higher than 1 in 1,000,000.

      Penetrance: Known variants for this lumped disease entity appear to be completely penetrant, with highly variable phenotypes and age of onset. On the other hand, the split disease entity caused by monoallelic IFT140 variants appears to have incomplete penetrance.

    1. Autosomal recessive Sorsby fundus dystrophy revisited: molecular evidence for dominant inheritance.

      PMID: 8981947

      Gene: TIMP3

      HGNC: 11822

      Disease: Sorsby fundus dystrophy (SFD), also known as Sorsby's fundus dystrophy, Sorsby pseudoinflammatory fundus dystrophy, or hemorrhagic macular dystrophy

      MONDO: 0007640

      InheritancePattern: Autosomal Dominant

      Prevalence: Estimated at 1 in 220,000 (PMID: 28847738)

      Penetrance: Fully penetrant, onset between the third and sixth decades of life

    1. Pigmented paravenous chorioretinal atrophy is associated with a mutation within the crumbs homolog 1 (CRB1) gene

      PMID: 15623792

      Gene: CRB1

      HGNC: 2343

      Disease: pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy

      MONDO: 0008246

      InheritancePattern: autosomal dominant

      Prevalence: Orphanet defines pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy as a rare disorder with incidence lower than 1 in 1,000,000. However, the incidence is not well-reported in published papers and may be more common than this.

      Penetrance: The paper reporting affected family members shows 6 affected genotype-positive individuals and 1 unaffected genotype-negative individual. On the other hand, the high frequency of the variant in gnomAD would be consistent with incomplete penetrance or low rate of diagnosis.

    1. A Homozygosity-Based Search for Mutations in Patients with Autosomal Recessive Retinitis Pigmentosa, Using Microsatellite Markers

      PMID: 15557452

      Gene: RPE65

      HGNC: 10294

      Disease: Retinitis pigmentosa 20

      MONDO: 0013425

      InheritancePattern: Autosomal Recessive

      Prevalence: The overall prevalence of Retinitis pigmentosa is between 1 in 3,000 and 1 in 4,000 individuals, while the proportion of recessive Retinitis pigmentosa caused by RPE65 variants is ~2%. (PMID: 9501220) Thus, the prevalence of Retinitis pigmentosa 20 is between 1 in 150,000 and 1 in 200,000.

      Penetrance: Fully penetrant, with onset typically in childhood

    1. A novel splice site mutation in the tissue inhibitor of the metalloproteinases-3 gene in Sorsby’s fundus dystrophy with unusual clinical features

      PMID: 9760202

      Gene: TIMP3

      HGNC: 11822

      Disease: Sorsby fundus dystrophy (SFD), also known as Sorsby's fundus dystrophy, Sorsby pseudoinflammatory fundus dystrophy, or hemorrhagic macular dystrophy

      MONDO: 0007640

      InheritancePattern: Autosomal Dominant

      Prevalence: Estimated at 1 in 220,000 (PMID: 28847738)

      Penetrance: Fully penetrant, onset between the third and sixth decades of life

    1. Spectrum of retGC1 mutations in Leber's congenital amaurosis

      PMID: 10951519

      Gene: GUCY2D

      HGNC: 4689

      Disease: Leber congenital amaurosis 1

      MONDO: 0008764

      InheritancePattern: Autosomal Recessive

      Prevalence: The overall prevalence of Leber congenital amaurosis is between 1 in 33,000 and 1 in 100,000 newborns, while the proportion of Leber congenital amaurosis caused by GUCY2D variants is between 10% and 20% (PMID: 10951519). Thus, the prevalence of Leber congenital amaurosis 1 is between 1 in 165,000 and 1 in 1,000,000.

      Penetrance: Fully penetrant, with onset in neonates or in infancy

    1. A Mouse Model for Sorsby Fundus Dystrophy

      PMID: 12147610

      Gene: TIMP3

      HGNC: 11822

      Disease: Sorsby fundus dystrophy (SFD), also known as Sorsby's fundus dystrophy, Sorsby pseudoinflammatory fundus dystrophy, or hemorrhagic macular dystrophy

      MONDO: 0007640

      InheritancePattern: Autosomal Dominant

      Prevalence: Estimated at 1 in 220,000 (PMID: 28847738)

      Penetrance: Fully penetrant, onset between the third and sixth decades of life

    1. The clinical features of retinal disease due to a dominant mutation in RPE65

      PMID: 27307694

      Gene: RPE65

      HGNC: 10294

      Disease: Retinitis pigmentosa 87 with choroidal involvement

      MONDO: 0032873

      InheritancePattern: Autosomal Dominant

      Prevalence: The overall prevalence of Retinitis pigmentosa is between 1 in 3,000 and 1 in 4,000 individuals, while the proportion of Retinitis pigmentosa with a dominant mode of inheritance is estimated to be 15-35% (between 1 in 8,000 and 1 in 27,000). The prevalence of Retinitis pigmentosa 87 with choroidal involvement is considered to be much lower.

      Penetrance: Incomplete penetrance, estimated at 80%

    1. SOST Is a Ligand for LRP5/LRP6 and a Wnt Signaling Inhibitor

      PMID: 15908424

      Gene: LRP5

      HGNC: 6697

      Disease: osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome

      MONDO: 0009820

      InheritancePattern: autosomal recessive

      Prevalence: osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome is estimated to occur in 1 out of every 2,000,000 live births.

      Penetrance: The penetrance of the phenotype among homozygous or compound heterozygous cases appears to be complete, while heterozygous carriers of deleterious variants appear to be mildly affected.

    1. Loss of the Metalloprotease ADAM9 Leads to Cone-Rod Dystrophy in Humans and Retinal Degeneration in Mice

      PMID: 19409519

      Gene: ADAM9

      HGNC: 216

      Disease: cone-rod dystrophy 9

      MONDO: MONDO:0013002

      InheritancePattern: autosomal recessive

      Prevalence: The prevalence of cone-rod dystrophy in general is estimated to be 1 in 40,000 (PMID: 17270046), however, the specific prevalence of cone-rod dystrophy 9 is unknown.

      Penetrance: Penetrance appears to be complete in reported families, but it is possible that incomplete penetrance may be associated with some variants.

    1. Deficiency of rds/peripherin causes photoreceptor death in mouse models of digenic and dominant retinitis pigmentosa

      PMID: 11427722

      Gene: PRPH2

      HGNC: 9942

      Disease: retinitis pigmentosa 7

      MONDO: 0011974

      InheritancePattern: semi-dominant

      Prevalence: The incidence of PRPH2-related cases among inherited retinal dystrophies is reported to range from 3.5% in North America to 10.3% in France (PMID: 36010202).

      Penetrance: The penetrance among biallelic cases appears to be complete, while the monoallelic cases exhibit incomplete penetrance (PMID: 36609934).

    1. A retGC-1 Mutation in Autosomal Dominant Cone-Rod Dystrophy

      PMID: 9683616

      Gene: GUCY2D

      HGNC: 4689

      Disease: Cone-rod dystrophy 6

      MONDO: 0011143

      InheritancePattern: Autosomal Dominant

      Prevalence: The overall prevalence of cone-rod dystrophy is between 1 in 30,000 and 1 in 40,000 (PMID: 17270046), while the proportion of cone-rod dystrophy caused by GUCY2D variants is between 19% and 23% (PMID: 22183351, PMID: 25515582). Thus, the prevalence of cone-rod dystrophy 6 is between 1 in 130,000 and 1 in 215,000.

      Penetrance: Penetrance is age-dependent, with onset between the 1st and 6th decades of life.

    1. CLN5, a novel gene encoding a putative transmembrane protein mutated in Finnish variant late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

      PMID: 9662406

      Gene: CLN5

      HGNC: 2076

      Disease: Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 5 (also known as Finnish variant late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis late infantile Finnish variant, or Finnish vLINCL)

      MONDO: 0009745

      InheritancePattern: Autosomal Recessive

      Prevalence: Unknown, but part of a larger group of NCL disorders with a collective prevalence between 1 in 12,500 (PMID:9662406) and 1 in 100,000 (PMID:23374165)

      Penetrance: Fully penetrant, with onset often in the late infantile period but in some cases during early adulthood or even as late as in the 6th decade of life

    1. X-linked recessive atrophic macular degeneration from RPGR mutation

      PMID: 12160730

      Gene: RPGR

      HGNC: 10295

      Disease: RPGR-related retinopathy

      MONDO: MONDO:0100437

      InheritancePattern: X-linked

      Prevalence: The prevalence of RPGR-related retinopathy is calculated to be approximately 1 in 214,000, based on the known incidence of retinitis pigmentosa at 1 in 3,000, the proportion of retinitis pigmentposa that is X-linked at 20%, and the proportion of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa that is RPGR-associated at 70% (PMID: 34985506).

      Penetrance: Penetrance is nearly 100% in hemizygous males but is incomplete and dependent upon the variant in heterozygous female carriers.

    1. Biochemical analysis of a dimerization domain mutation in RetGC-1 associated with dominant cone–rod dystrophy

      PMID: 10430891

      Gene: GUCY2D

      HGNC: 4689

      Disease: Cone-rod dystrophy 6

      MONDO: 0011143

      InheritancePattern: Autosomal Dominant

      Prevalence: The overall prevalence of cone-rod dystrophy is between 1 in 30,000 and 1 in 40,000 (PMID: 17270046), while the proportion of cone-rod dystrophy caused by GUCY2D variants is between 19% and 23% (PMID: 22183351, PMID: 25515582). Thus, the prevalence of cone-rod dystrophy 6 is between 1 in 130,000 and 1 in 215,000.

      Penetrance: Penetrance is age-dependent, with onset between the 1st and 6th decades of life.

    1. The photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor gene (PNR) accounts for retinitis pigmentosa in the Crypto-Jews from Portugal (Marranos), survivors from the Spanish Inquisition

      PMID: 11071390

      Gene: NR2E3

      HGNC: 7974

      Disease: enhanced S-cone syndrome

      MONDO: 0100288

      InheritancePattern: autosomal recessive

      Prevalence: The overall prevalence of enhanced S cone syndrome is <1 in 1,000,000 (PMID: 30900587).

      Penetrance: The penetrance of enhanced S-cone syndrome has been difficult to determine accurately given the rarity of the condition.

    1. Clinical Course and Visual Function in a Family With Mutations in the RPE65 Gene

      PMID: 11786058

      Gene: RPE65

      HGNC: 10294

      Disease: Leber congenital amaurosis 2

      MONDO: 0008765

      InheritancePattern: Autosomal Recessive

      Prevalence: The overall prevalence of Leber congenital amaurosis is between 1 in 33,000 and 1 in 100,000 newborns, while the proportion of Leber congenital amaurosis caused by RPE65 variants is between 1% and 16.7%. Thus, the prevalence of Leber congenital amaurosis 2 is between 1 in 200,000 and 1 in 10,000,000.

      Penetrance: Fully penetrant, with onset typically by 1 year of age

    1. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5 Binds to Axin and Regulates the Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

      PMID: 11336703

      Gene: LRP5

      HGNC: 6697

      Disease: osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome

      MONDO: 0009820

      InheritancePattern: autosomal recessive

      Prevalence: osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome is estimated to occur in 1 out of every 2,000,000 live births.

      Penetrance: The penetrance of the phenotype among homozygous or compound heterozygous cases appears to be complete, while heterozygous carriers of deleterious variants appear to be mildly affected.

    1. Retinitis pigmentosa: impact of different Pde6a point mutations on the disease phenotype

      PMID: 26188004

      Gene: PDE6A

      HGNC: 8785

      Disease: retinitis pigmentosa 43

      MONDO: MONDO:0013437

      InheritancePattern: autosomal recessive

      Prevalence: The overall prevalence of retinitis pigmentosa is between 1 in 3,000 and 1 in 4,000 individuals, while the proportion of retinitis pigmentosa with a recessive mode of inheritance is estimated to be 65-85% (between 1 in 3,500 and 1 in 6,200). Retinitis pigmentosa 43 is considered to be make up 2-5% of these cases, with an overall prevalence estimated between 1 in 70,000 and 1 in 310,000.

      Penetrance: Known disease-causing alleles appear to be completely penetrant.

    1. Phenotypic expression of the complete type of X-linked congenital stationary night blindness in patients with different mutations in the NYX gene

      PMID: 12397430

      Gene: NYX

      HGNC: 8082

      Disease: Congenital stationary night blindness 1A

      MONDO: 0010690

      InheritancePattern: X-linked recessive

      Prevalence: Congenital stationary night blindness has an estimated prevalence between 1 in 6,000 (PMID: 31427709) and 1 in 300,000 (PMID: 3487908). However, the prevalence of congenital stationary night blindness 1A specifically is unknown.

      Penetrance: Penetrance is thought to be complete.

    1. A new autosomal dominant eye and lung syndrome linked to mutations in TIMP3 gene

      PMID: 27601084

      Gene: TIMP3

      HGNC: 11822

      Disease: Sorsby fundus dystrophy (SFD), also known as Sorsby's fundus dystrophy, Sorsby pseudoinflammatory fundus dystrophy, or hemorrhagic macular dystrophy

      MONDO: 0007640

      InheritancePattern: Autosomal Dominant

      Prevalence: Estimated at 1 in 220,000 (PMID: 28847738)

      Penetrance: Fully penetrant, onset between the third and sixth decades of life

    1. PMID: 20333770

      PMID: 20333770

      Gene: EYS

      HGNC: 21555

      Disease: Retinitis pigmentosa 25

      MONDO: MONDO:0011272

      InheritancePattern: autosomal recessive

      Prevalence: The overall prevalence of retinitis pigmentosa is between 1 in 3,000 and 1 in 4,000 individuals, while the proportion of retinitis pigmentosa caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous EYS variants is estimated to be 12% in the French population (PMID: 20333770), implying in an overall prevalence between 1 in 25,000 and 1 in 33,000.

      Penetrance: The disease appears to be completely penetrant among published families.

    1. A null mutation in the human peripherin/RDS gene in a family with autosomal dominant retinitis punctata albescens

      PMID: 8485575

      Gene: PRPH2

      HGNC: 9942

      Disease: retinitis pigmentosa 7

      MONDO: 0011974

      InheritancePattern: semi-dominant

      Prevalence: The incidence of PRPH2-related cases among inherited retinal dystrophies is reported to range from 3.5% in North America to 10.3% in France (PMID: 36010202).

      Penetrance: The penetrance among biallelic cases appears to be complete, while the monoallelic cases exhibit incomplete penetrance (PMID: 36609934).

    1. Evidence of genetic heterogeneity of Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA) and mapping of LCA1 to chromosome 17p13

      PMID: 8641699

      Gene: GUCY2D

      HGNC: 4689

      Disease: Leber congenital amaurosis 1

      MONDO: 0008764

      InheritancePattern: Autosomal Recessive

      Prevalence: The overall prevalence of Leber congenital amaurosis is between 1 in 33,000 and 1 in 100,000 newborns, while the proportion of Leber congenital amaurosis caused by GUCY2D variants is between 10% and 20% (PMID: 10951519). Thus, the prevalence of Leber congenital amaurosis 1 is between 1 in 165,000 and 1 in 1,000,000.

      Penetrance: Fully penetrant, with onset in neonates or in infancy

    1. The network of protein–protein interactions within the human U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP

      PMID: 16723661

      Gene: PRPF4

      HGNC: 17349

      Disease: retinitis pigmentosa 70

      MONDO: 0014400

      InheritancePattern: autosomal dominant

      Prevalence: The overall prevalence of retinitis pigmentosa is between 1 in 3,000 and 1 in 4,000 individuals, while the proportion of retinitis pigmentosa with a dominant mode of inheritance is estimated to be 15-35% (between 1 in 8,500 and 1 in 27,000). The proportion of that incidence made up by the specific form caused by variants in PRPF4 is not clear.

      Penetrance: Known disease-causing alleles appear to be incompletely penetrant (PMID: 25383878).

    1. Mutations in CABP4, the gene encoding the Ca2+-binding protein 4, cause autosomal recessive night blindness

      PMID: 16960802

      Gene: CABP4

      HGNC: 1386

      Disease: cone-rod synaptic disorder, congenital nonprogressive

      MONDO: 0012490

      InheritancePattern: autosomal recessive

      Prevalence: The prevalence of the Åland eye disease or incomplete congenital stationary night blindness phenotype was estimated at 1 in 22,000 based on a Danish male cohort, with CABP4 variants specifically responsible for 1 out of 35 cases (PMID: 28002560).

      Penetrance: Penetrance appears to be 100% among the reported individuals harboring biallelic disease-causing CABP4 variants.

    1. Molecular characterization of peripherin-2 and rom-1 mutants responsible for digenic retinitis pigmentosa

      PMID: 11297544

      Gene: PRPH2

      HGNC: 9942

      Disease: retinitis pigmentosa 7

      MONDO: 0011974

      InheritancePattern: semi-dominant

      Prevalence: The incidence of PRPH2-related cases among inherited retinal dystrophies is reported to range from 3.5% in North America to 10.3% in France (PMID: 36010202).

      Penetrance: The penetrance among biallelic cases appears to be complete, while the monoallelic cases exhibit incomplete penetrance (PMID: 36609934).

    1. Phenotype-genotype correlation in eight patients with Finnish variant late infantile NCL (CLN5)

      PMID: 10953198

      Gene: CLN5

      HGNC: 2076

      Disease: Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 5 (also known as Finnish variant late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis late infantile Finnish variant, or Finnish vLINCL)

      MONDO: 0009745

      InheritancePattern: Autosomal Recessive

      Prevalence: Unknown, but part of a larger group of NCL disorders with a collective prevalence between 1 in 12,500 (PMID:9662406) and 1 in 100,000 (PMID:23374165)

      Penetrance: Fully penetrant, with onset often in the late infantile period but in some cases during early adulthood or even as late as in the 6th decade of life

    1. Identification and characterization of human genes encoding Hprp3p and Hprp4p, interacting components of the spliceosome

      PMID: 9328476

      Gene: PRPF4

      HGNC: 17349

      Disease: retinitis pigmentosa 70

      MONDO: 0014400

      InheritancePattern: autosomal dominant

      Prevalence: The overall prevalence of retinitis pigmentosa is between 1 in 3,000 and 1 in 4,000 individuals, while the proportion of retinitis pigmentosa with a dominant mode of inheritance is estimated to be 15-35% (between 1 in 8,500 and 1 in 27,000). The proportion of that incidence made up by the specific form caused by variants in PRPF4 is not clear.

      Penetrance: Known disease-causing alleles appear to be incompletely penetrant (PMID: 25383878).

    1. Homozygous type 2N R854W von Willebrand factor is poorly secreted and causes a severe von Willebrand disease phenotype

      PMID: 20586924

      Gene: VWF

      HGNC: 12726

      Disease: von Willebrand Disease Type 2N

      MONDO: 0015631

      InheritancePattern: Autosomal Recessive

      Prevalence: Various sources (PMID: 28847738, PMID:19809303, PMID:29115006) can be combined to estimate the prevalence of VWD Type 2N between 1:15,000 and 1:80,000.

      Penetrance: VWD type 2 is fully penetrant / nearly fully penetrant for most pathogenic variants.

    1. Alloantibodies in von Willebrand disease

      PMID: 29165738

      Gene: VWF

      HGNC: 12726 (type 1)

      Note: Insufficient Evidence due to lack of variant information. This paper designates variants as only "missense, deletion, etc" and lacks specific neucleotide changes. All probands with identifiable variants in this paper were from other PMIDs, which were confirmed to be previously curated or added to the list to be curated.

  2. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    1. A diagnosis of von Willebrand disease despite normal test results for factor VIII and von Willebrand factor antigen and activity Penelope Motum,  Penelope Motum Haematology, NSW Health Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, New South Wales, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorSarah Just,  Sarah Just Haematology, NSW Health Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, New South Wales, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorDiane Zebeljan,  Diane Zebeljan Haematology, NSW Health Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, New South Wales, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorCatherine Nicholls,  Catherine Nicholls Department of Genetic Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorGeoffrey Kershaw,  Geoffrey Kershaw Haematology, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorSusan Oliver,  Susan Oliver Department of Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorSoma Mohammed,  Soma Mohammed Department of Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorEmmanuel J. Favaloro,  Corresponding Author Emmanuel J. Favaloro emmanuel.favaloro@health.nsw.gov.au orcid.org/0000-0002-2103-1661 Department of Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia Department of Haematology, Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia Correspondence Emmanuel J. Favaloro, Department of Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia. Email: emmanuel.favaloro@health.nsw.gov.auSearch for more papers by this author

      PMID: 31423628

      Gene: VWF

      HGNC: 12726

    1. Classification and Characterization of Hereditary Types 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2M, 2N, and 2U (Unclassifiable) von Willebrand Disease

      PMID: 17000885

      Gene: VWF

      HGNC: 12726

      Disease: von Willebrand disease type 2M

      MONDO: 0015630

      InheritancePattern: Autosomal Dominant

      Prevalence: Overall VWD prevalence is estimated to be as high as 1 in 100 in the general population, with 1 in 10,000 pursuing tertiary care referral (PMID: 28847738).

      Penetrance: Fully penetrant / nearly fully penetrant for most pathogenic type 2 variants

    1. Purification of botrocetin from Bothrops jararaca venom. Analysis of the botrocetin-mediated interaction between von Willebrand factor and the human platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib-IX complex

      PMID: 2557900

      Gene: VWF

      HGNC: 12726

      Disease: von Willebrand disease type 2M

      MONDO: 0015630

      InheritancePattern: Autosomal Dominant

      Prevalence: Overall VWD prevalence is estimated to be as high as 1 in 100 in the general population, with 1 in 10,000 pursuing tertiary care referral ((PMID: 28847738).

      Penetrance: Fully penetrant / nearly fully penetrant for most pathogenic type 2 variants

    1. Characterisation of mutations and molecular studies of type 2 von Willebrand disease

      PMID: 23179108

      Gene: VWF

      HGNC: 12726

      Disease: von Willebrand disease type 2B

      MONDO: 0015629

      InheritancePattern: Autosomal Dominant

      Prevalence: Overall VWD prevalence is estimated to be as high as 1 in 100 in the general population, with 1 in 10,000 pursuing tertiary care referral ((PMID: 28847738).

      Penetrance: Fully penetrant / nearly fully penetrant for most pathogenic type 2 variants

    1. von Willebrand disease type B: a missense mutation selectively abolishes ristocetin-induced von Willebrand factor binding to platelet glycoprotein Ib.

      PMID: 1409710

      Gene: VWF

      HGNC: 12726

      Disease: von Willebrand disease type 2M

      MONDO: 0015630

      InheritancePattern: Autosomal Dominant

      Prevalence: Overall VWD prevalence is estimated to be as high as 1 in 100 in the general population, with 1 in 10,000 pursuing tertiary care referral ((PMID: 28847738).

      Penetrance: Fully penetrant / nearly fully penetrant for most pathogenic type 2 variants

    1. Rescue of heart lipoprotein lipase-knockout mice confirms a role for triglyceride in optimal heart metabolism and function

      PMID: 24085031

      Gene: MYH7

      HGNC: 7577

      "Defective energy intake and not the reduced uptake of fat-soluble vitamins or cholesterol is responsible for cardiac dysfunction in hLPL0 mice. In addition, our studies suggest that adaptations in cardiac metabolism contribute to the beneficial effects of exercise on the myocardium of patients with heart failure"

    1. Cardiomyopathy Mutations in the Tail of β-Cardiac Myosin Modify the Coiled-coil Structure and Affect Integration into Thick Filaments in Muscle Sarcomeres in Adult Cardiomyocytes*

      PMID: 24047955

      Gene: MYH7

      HGNC: 7577

      "It is unclear why mutations in the filament-forming tail of myosin heavy chain (MHC) cause hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy as these mutations should not directly affect contraction. To investigate this, we first investigated the impact of five hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-causing (N1327K, E1356K, R1382W, E1555K, and R1768K) and one dilated cardiomyopathy-causing (R1500W) tail mutations on their ability to incorporate into muscle sarcomeres in vivo."

      Results suggest that small effects of mutations on helicity translate into a reduced ability to incorporate into sarcomeres, which may elicit compensatory hypertrophy.

    1. Refinement of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/ClinGen Guidelines for the DCM Precision Medicine Study

      PMID: 32160020

      Gene: MYH7

      HGNC: 7577

      The goal of this study was to adjust the framework for interpreting MHY7 variants. In 97 probands and 2059 variants, they found that "15/97 (15.5%) probands have likely pathogenic/P variants."

      Variant information found in Table 3.

    1. Different biochemical expression pattern of platelet surface glycoproteins suggests molecular diversity of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia in Iran.

      PMID: 23912132

      Genes: ITGA2B and ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      NoEvidence: This article discusses GT; however no probands with variants in ITGA2B and ITGB3 are discussed.

      Note: Annotated on the PubMed Abstract because the journal this article is in, Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis does not work properly.

    1. Primary arrest of circulating platelets on collagen involves phosphorylationof Syk, cortactin and focal adhesion kinase : studies under flow conditions

      PMID: 11988077

      Gene: ITGA2B and/or ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      NoEvidence: This article does not mention GT probands with variants in ITGA2B and/or ITGB3 therefore there is insufficient evidence. However, the present study used blood samples from 2 patients with GT; therefore, the gene name and HGNC are included in this annotation

    1. Improving selection of αIIbβ3-binding phage antibodies with increased reactivity derived from immunized donors

      PMID: 14499243

      Gene: ITGA2B and/or ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: This mentions GT case reports; however, no variants in ITGA2B and/or ITGB3 are mentioned in this patient; therefore, we have insufficient evidence

    1. British Journal of HaematoJogy. 1995. 89. 124-130 Platelets with 10% of the normal amount of glycoprotein VI have an impaired response to collagen that results in a mild bleeding tendency

      PMID: 7530476

      Gene: ITGA2B and/or ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: This mentions a Glanzmann thrombasthenia patient; however, no variants in ITGA2B and/or ITGB3 are mentioned in this patient; therefore, we have insufficient evidence

    1. Human platelet alloantigen polymorphism in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and its impact on the severity of the disease Kanjaksha Ghosh Institute of Immunohematology (ICMR), KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author Bipin Kulkarni Institute of Immunohematology (ICMR), KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author Sona Nair Institute of Immunohematology (ICMR), KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author Shrimati Shetty Institute of Immunohematology (ICMR), KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author Dipika Mohanty Institute of Immunohematology (ICMR), KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author

      PMID: 12406067

      Gene: ITGA2B and/or ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: This article does not mention variants in ITGA2B and/or ITGB3 in the probands in this article; therefore, we have insufficient evidence

    1. A novel ELISA for diagnosis of Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia and the heterozygote carriers

      PMID: 22183252

      Gene: ITGA2B and ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: This article mentions variants in 10 GT patients; however, it does not specify each case/proband with their gender/age/ethnicity and bleeding phenotypes.

    1. Missed at first Glanz: Glanzmann thrombasthenia initially misdiagnosed as Von Willebrand Disease

      PMID: 30551951

      Gene: ITGA2B and/or ITGB3 (Patient has GT; therefore, these genes may be involved)

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: Proband is presented in this article with GT; however, no variant information is provided therefore insufficient evidence

    1. Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (AITP) andAcquired Thrombasthenia Due to Autoantibodies to GPIIb-IIIa in a Patient With an Unusual Platelet MembraneGlycoprotein Composition

      PMID: 9462551

      Gene: ITGA2B and ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: This article mentions a case report of a patient with thrombocytopenia; however, there is no mention of this proband harboring variants in ITGA2B and/or ITGB3

    1. The use of recombinant factor VIIa in a patient with severe Glanzmann's thrombasthenia to facilitate insertion of a Port-a-Cath.

      PMID: 10695773

      Gene: ITGA2B and/or ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: This article mentions a proband with GT; however, no variants in ITGA2B and/or ITGB3 were mentioned in this individual therefore there is insufficient evidence

      Note: Able to get PDF of article; however, was not able to use Hypothes.is on the PDF

    1. Sustained engraftment and resolution of bleeding phenotype after unrelated cord blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe glanzmann thrombasthenia.

      PMID: 19648793

      Genes: ITGA2B and/or ITBG3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: This article mentions an individual with GT; however, there is no mention of variants in ITGA2B and/or ITGB3 therefore we have insufficient evidence

  3. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    1. Further Characterization of the Thrombasthenia-related Idiotype OG. Antiidiotype Defines a Novel Epitope(s) Shared by Fibrinogen BE Chain, Vitronectin, and yon Willebrand Factor and Required for Binding to/33

      PMID: 7525851

      Gene: ITGA2B and/or ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: This article mentions a GT proband; however, no variants in ITGA2B and/or ITGB3 are mentioned therefore there is insufficient evidence

    1. Study of the Relationship between HPA-1 and HPA-5 Gene Polymorphisms and Refractory to Platelet Therapy and Recombinant Factor VII in Glanzmann Thrombasthenia Patients in Southeast of Iran

      PMID: 29951177

      Gene: ITGA2B and ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: Article mentions Glanzmann thrombasthenia probands; however, no variants associated with patients therefore insufficient evidence

    1. Glanzmann thrombasthenia and Bernard–Souliersyndrome in south Iran

      PMID: 16178914

      Gene: ITGA2B and/or ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: This article mentions various probands with GT; however, there are no mentioned variants in ITGA2B and/or ITGB3, therefore, we have insufficient evidence

    1. Open aortic valve replacement in a patient with Glanzmann’sthrombasthenia: a multidisciplinary strategy to minimizeperioperative bleeding

      PMID: 23710629

      Genes: ITGA2B and/or ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: Mention of proband with Glanzmann thrombasthenia however no variants in the proband are mentioned for ITGA2B and ITGB3

    1. An αIIb mutation in patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia located in the N‐terminus of blade 1 of the β‐propeller (Asn2Asp) disrupts a calcium binding site in blade 6

      PMID: 21029361

      Gene: ITGA2B

      HGNC: 6138

      Note: Although article mention 4 probands being studied, the caption under Fig 1 with the pedigree states, "Shown are three of the four homozygous patients (lanes 2, 4 and 6), heterozygotes" therefore the 4th proband is not mentioned

    1. Identificationofafunctionallyimportantsequenceinthecytoplasmictailofintegrinf33byusingcell-permeablepeptideanalogs

      PMID: 8876221

      Gene: ITGB3

      HGNC: 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: This article mentions variants in ITGB3; however, there are no Glanzmann thrombasthenia patients mentioned harboring these variants; therefore, there is insufficient evidence

    1. Labeling of the Internal Pool of GP IIb-IIIa in Platelets by c7E3 Fab Fragments (abciximab): Flow and Endocytic Mechanisms Contribute to the Transport

      PMID: 10029591

      Gene: ITGA2B and/or ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: This article mentions a case report of a GT patient in another article; however, this article does not specifically mention any GT case reports

      PreviouslyPublished: PMID: 2180491 and PMID:

  4. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    1. Integrin-Dependent Phosphorylation and Activation of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase pp125 FAr in Platelets

      PMID: 1385445

      Gene: ITGA2B and ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      NoEvidence: This article does not mention Glanzmann thrombasthenia patients with variants in ITGA2B and/or ITGB3; therefore, there is no evidence to report

    1. Human endoglin as a potential new partner involved in platelet–endothelium interactions

      PMID: 29080903

      Gene: ITGA2B and ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      NoEvidence: No mention of patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia or variants in probands. This article is about endoglin, an adhesion molecule involved in the interaction between endothelial cells and platelets through intigren recognition

    1. αIIbβ3 variants defined by next-generation sequencing: Predicting variants likely to cause Glanzmann thrombasthenia

      PMID: 25827233

      Gene: ITGA2B and ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156, respectively

      InsufficientEvidence: This article analyzed missense variants in the integrin αIIbβ3 receptor subunit genes ITGA2B and ITGB3 identified by WES comprising around 32,000 alleles from 16,108 individuals. There is no specific tie between variants and probands; therefore, there is insufficient evidence

    1. A genetic analysis of integrin function: Glanzmannthrombastheniain vitro

      PMID: 9050889

      Gene: ITGA2B and ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: This article mentions ITGA2B/ITGB3 variants and has experimental evidence; however, no GT cases reports are mentioned here

      Note: Previously published articles are mentioned here, they have been tagged

    1. Successful unrelated donor cord blood transplantation for Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia Carrie L. Kitko Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MISearch for more papers by this author John E. Levine Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MISearch for more papers by this author Dana C. Matthews Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WASearch for more papers by this author Paul A. Carpenter Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USASearch for more papers by this author

      PMID: 19849809

      Gene: ITGA2B and/or ITGB3

      HGNC: 6138 and 6156

      InsufficientEvidence: This article mentions patients with GT however no variants in ITGA2B and/or ITGB3 are mentioned here

    1. Mutations in RAB39B in individuals with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and macrocephaly

      PMID: 28851564

      Gene: RAB39B

      Disease: early-onset parkinsonism-intellectual disability syndrome

      MonDO: MONDO:0010709

      Notes: The family reported has a phenotype of ID and autism. Parkinson disease or clinical features of Parkinsonism are not noted in any patients. Proband may be scored upon expert review.

    1. Molecular screening of 980 cases of suspected hereditary optic neuropathy with a report on 77 novel OPA1 mutations

      PMID:

      Gene: OPA1

      Disease: hereditary optic neuropathy

      980 patients in this study with suspected hereditary optic neuropathies were evaluated by searching for the ten primary LHON-causing mtDNA mutations and examining the entire coding sequences of the OPA1 and OPA3 genes. 295 had variants in OPA1; however the exact count for this variant was not provided and neither was any additional phenotypic information.

    1. Assay discrepancy in mild haemophilia A due to a factor VIII missense mutation (Asn694Ile) in a large Danish family R. Schwaab, Institute for Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany,Search for more papers by this authorJ. Oldenburg, Institute for Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany, Department of Human Genetics, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany,Search for more papers by this authorG. Kemball-Cook, Haemostasis Research Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK, andSearch for more papers by this authorT. Albert, Institute for Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany,Search for more papers by this authorC. Juhler, University Hospital Skejby, Department of Clinical Immunology, Centre for Haemophilia and Thrombosis, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark Search for more papers by this authorP. Hanfland, Institute for Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany,Search for more papers by this authorJ. Ingerslev, University Hospital Skejby, Department of Clinical Immunology, Centre for Haemophilia and Thrombosis, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark Search for more papers by this author

      PMID: 10886198

      Gene: F8

      HGNCID: 3546