10,886 Matching Annotations
  1. Sep 2021
    1. How do we come up with a central idea for our paper that builds on a bunch of different sources? Conversely, how do we mention multiple sources in different paragraphs and use them to support a central idea? Chapter 7 sections on definition, evaluation, causal, and proposal arguments will offer ideas for organization based on the type of main idea we are promoting.  

      Very excellent, clear, well said.

    2. In the summary, assessment and response essays

      In the summary, assessment and response essays we wrote previously, the structure.....

    3. In the summary, assessment and response

      In the essays where we practiced summary, assessment and response,

    4. into a description of

      to help us join the conversation on a specific topic. ? Is this what you mean?

    5. them

      them ourselves.

    6. rather than all

      rather than examining

    7. though

      however

    8. Thus far we have focused on building skills for close reading and summary of one text (Chapters 2 and 3) then deciding how strong that argument is (Chapter 4) and then adding to the conversation in specific response to that text (Chapter 5).  All these skills will be useful in the research paper.  We are ready now to use the same skills to talk about multiple texts.

      put a period after (Chapters 2 & 3) and then move the sentence "We are ready now to use these same skills to talk about multiple texts" right after. These two ideas need to be together. Then maybe for the third sentence....."We will be deciding how strong the argument in our text is (Chapter 4) and adding to the conversation in specific response to that text (Chapter 5).

    9. Thus far

      Do you need commas on this sentence? It is a list of 3 but I don't know if the comma goes before or after the parentheses, or whether the parentheses can take the place of commas.

    10. well

      delete

    11. We are free to use a variety of sources as needed.

      If you say 'free to choose' instead of 'free to use' you can eliminate bullet #5. As it is, it is repetitive.

    12. Here are some of the aspects of the research paper to appreciate:

      Here are some aspects of such a paper to appreciate:

      (repetition of 'research'

    13. We are probably also itching to just

      Now we are ready to make our own argument.......

      Might sound silly to a reluctant writer.

    14. If we wrote a compare and contrast essay (See Section 3.7 (link)) then we have had a chance to look at two texts side by side, but even that is limited.

      Without explaining this more fully, I don't think this is helpful. Some students may have not done compare and contrast...or may not remember it in detail.

    15. we wrote

      have written

    16. on our own terms

      stronger without this. Delete

    17. The research paper writing process is a tried and true way to figure out what we think.  It’s a way to make progress in our understanding when the world is complicated.  We immerse ourselves in information and listen to different voices on a topic and then come to some conclusion, moving the conversation forward.

      Beautifully said!

    18. slow thinking

      'achieving thoughtful understanding'. You use "think" shortly thereafter. Also "slow thinking" to me does not sound positive...

      You could also say 'thoughtful consideration' or 'deliberate thinking'

    1. soluble

      able to be dissolved, especially in water

    2. focal

      relating to the main point of interest

    3. deterrent

      discourage

    4. adipose tissue

      Fatty Tissue

    5. reserve.

      storage

    6. the body produces most of it

      The body produces more cholesterol than any eternal thing

    7. synthesized

      combine into a coherent whole

    1. relationship between a calorie and a joule? Which unit is larger?

      1 cal = 4.184 J; the calorie is larger.

    2. What is heat

      Heat is a form of enery (thermal) that can be transferred from one object to another.

    1. Mutations can also be caused by the insertion of viruses, transposable elements (transposons), see below, and other types of DNA that are naturally added at more or less random positions in chromosomes. The insertion may disrupt the coding or regulatory sequence of a gene, including the fusion of part of one gene with another.

      Is there a correlation between strand-slippage and transposons? My initial reaction is to say no, but I think this paragraph not being under the "Mutations due to Transposable Elements" heading was confusing to me, and now I am not so sure.

    1. Nuclear magnetic resonance is concerned with the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
      • Materials that participate in the Magnetic Resonance process must contain nuclei with specific magnetic properties.
      • To interact with a magnetic field, the nuclei themselves must be small magnets and have a magnetic property or magnetic moment.
      1. Magnetic Moment: The magnetic moment is the magnetic strength and orientation (The direction of the force due to a magnetic field) of a magnet or other object that produces a magnetic field.
      • Although a lot of elements and their isotopes have magnetic nuclei, there is a limited number of elements with magnetic nuclei that can be used for spectroscopic analysis. i.e. (1)^H and (13)^C
    1. 22 electrons

      If you meant to continue with this example afterwards, then the next example for a cation should be +4 (since 26 protons - 22 electrons = +4 positivity charge)

    2. 6.02

      Shouldn't this be 6.022 instead of 6.02?

    3. 10-22 g

      Shouldn't this be to the power of -26, rather than -22?

    1. What is the longest-wavelength electromagnetic radiation that can eject a photoelectron from silver? Is this in the visible range?

      Use the equation E=hc/lambda to solve for the wavelength. E will equal the work function of silver and hc is 1240nm *eV.

    1. in classical physics, energy = intensity of light, not frequency. BUT metals have a threshold frequency where if a light exceeds that frequency, the electrons are emmitted. THUS, electrons--> intensity, kinetic energy --> frequenncy.

    1. For this analysis, population biologists have grouped species into the two large categories—K-selected and r-selected—although they are really two ends of a continuum.

      If this is a spectrum or continuum, what is an example of a species that falls somewhere in the middle?

    2. As many as 50,000 acorns can be produced by an individual tree, but the germination rate is low as many of these rot or are eaten by animals such as squirrels. In some years, oaks may produce an exceptionally large number of acorns, and these years may be on a two- or three-year cycle depending on the species of oak (r-selection)

      do r-selected species grow exponentially?

    3. Conservation biologists want to understand both types because this helps them manage populations and prevent extinction or overpopulation.

      I think it's always interesting when it comes to the topic of overpopulation. It feels wrong that we have to kill a certain amount of animals, if there are no predators in a given area, but it's something that needs to be done for the population to be at a functional level.

    4. remaining to reproduce.

      So with this example, having a more dense population is better because there is a higher chance of more of the population surviving to reproduce, compared to a smaller population because there are less available mates (because of death and possible familial ties) in that scenario?

    5. Characteristics of K-selected and r-selected species

      Do species always fall under one of the two extremes? Are there any species that display some attributes of K selection and some of r?

    1. Females of these species mate only during the estrus phase of the cycle. A different pattern is observed in primates, including humans and chimpanzees, which may attempt reproduction at any time during their reproductive years,

      It's interesting that although pronghorns and primates both technically fall under the category of k-strategists, they still instinctively mate at different points in their lives -- with some species only mating when in heat, and others engaging at any point.

    2. Thus, all species have an energy budget

      I find it interesting how so many different species spend their energy differently. It doesn't seem as though there is one type of energy that is selected for in nature because there is such variation in the way species spend their energy

    3. Examples of semelparit

      The octopi from the podcast we listened to is an example of semelparity. Both the deep sea species from the podcast as well as shallow water species that the scientist also studied more in-depth are examples of this, but on different timelines.

    4. Animals with this strategy are often self-sufficient at a very early age

      I always though animals that had little to learn from their parents were interesting. Cool to see inherent behavior "programmed" instead of learned.

    5. Animal species that have few offspring during a reproductive event usually give extensive parental care, devoting much of their energy budget to these activities, sometimes at the expense of their own health.

      Animals that devote their energy to parental care has important impact on the development of the offspring later on. For example, rat material care is important for the helping the anxiety levels and behavior of the rat offsprings. When they the offspring get more material care, like licks, can help reduce anxiety in the rats compared to rats who did not get material care. Their behavior is more different and they are more anxious.

    6. food for the offspring

      Praying mantises and some species of spiders are similar in that the male will offer themselves as food to their mate in order to ensure she is not hungry during the mating season.

    1. but when the number of individuals gets large enough, resources will be depleted, slowing the growth rate.

      Yellowstone is a decent example of this. Deer were overgrazing after the extinction of wolves and it eventually depleted much of the area's resources.

    2. N, is plotted over time, a J-shaped growth curve is produced (Figure 6.3.16.3.1\PageIndex{1}).

      we are looking over this graph in bio, but I am still very confused. Will you provide extra problems to practice?

    3. intraspecific competition

      This is an interesting concept. I wonder if this connects to adaptability and survival of the fittest? Or are they mostly separate ideas?

    1. ed (recaptures) and some individuals that are unmarked (Figure 6.1.36.1.3\PageIndex{3}).

      what are some ways scientists ensure that these tags are not detrimental to the animal?

    2. Demography is the statistical study of population changes over time: birth rates, death rates, and life expectancies. Each of these measures, especially birth rates, may be affected by the population characteristics described above.

      This is an important component I've noticed in a few science courses. In particular, for establishing and understanding populations growth, or possibly decline. I would imagine this to be important for conservationists.

    3. A variety of other techniques have been developed, including the electronic tracking of animals tagged with radio transmitters and the use of data from commercial fishing and trapping operations to estimate the size and health of populations and communities.

      How do scientist make sure that they are not over estimating or under estimating the population they are observing? What do they check for to see if these estimations are occurring? Is this based on variables that were already considered about the area before the observations started.

    4. number marked first catch∗total number of second catchnumber marked second catch=N

      I didn't know that this was how mark and recapture worked. It is a simple but interesting equation. I would assume the accuracy of this method varies from species to species.

    5. Type III

      These types seems very closely related to k and r selected species types. Are individuals in type II often k selected like the birds described or is their an intermediate category?

    1. In later chapters, we will talk about responding to arguments and analyzing how arguments play on emotion and gain the audience’s trust.

      I found this this very interesting because it tells us about the later chapters and what's going to happen.

    1. The cell cycle is an ordered series of events involving cell growth and cell division that produces two new daughter cells. Cells on the path to cell division proceed through a series of precisely timed and carefully regulated stages of growth, DNA replication, and division that produces two identical (clone) cells. The cell cycle has two major phases: interphase and the mitotic phase. During interphase, the cell grows and DNA is replicated. During the mitotic phase, the replicated DNA and cytoplasmic contents are separated, and the cell divides.

      This paragraph is a duplicate of the paragraph before it.

    2. Video 1.3.31.3.3\PageIndex{3} : Following chromosome movements in mitosis

      This video was super helpful, because having a visual picture really aided my understanding of how chromosomes are accounted for throughout the stages of mitosis.

    3. Centrioles help organize cell division. Centrioles are not present in the centrosomes of other eukaryotic species, such as plants and most fungi.

      What is the difference between centrioles and spindle fibers? Do spindle fibers spring from the centrioles?

    4. The remnants of the nuclear envelope fragment.

      I know we have probably discussed this or I may have read over it and just forgot, but the remnants of the nuclear envelope stay in the cell correct? And then it also grows during anaphase and telophase so that it can surround the chromosomes in both the new cells in cytokinesis?

    5. G1 Phase (First Gap)

      What would happen to the strands of DNA and the chromosomes if an error were to occur during one of the stages of Interphase? Would it be just a mutation like we learned about in Biological Concepts or something more complex?

    1. Thermostable DNA polymerase (to carry out the synthesis). The polymerase needs to be heat stable, because heat is used to separate the template DNA strands in each cycle. ​

      Are there other thermostable DNA polymerases besides Taq polymerase?

    1. hese biologists do not accept all aspects of human activity and culture as part of biodiversity, but they do recognize that the ecological and evolutionary diversity of domestic species, and the species composition and ecology of agricultural ecosystems are part of biodiversity.

      I would agree that human activity is difficult to include in biodiversity. I think we have evolutionary diversity and our agricultural systems are diverse, but because of our drastic effects on the ecosystem, I don't see our species naturally fitting into biodiversity. I also think our overpopulation has decreased a lot of natural biodiversity.

    2. then cultural diversity of human populations and the ways that these populations use or otherwise interact with habitats and other species on Earth are a component of biodiversity too.

      Does this mean that studies in topics such as sociology and social psychology can be prevalent in human ecological research and visa versa?

    1. phylogenetic diversity

      Can you give a better example for this term? I still unsure how this term relates to biodiversity.

    2. Species richness and species evenness are probably the most frequently used measures of the total biodiversity of a region

      other than tagging, what are ways in which they can track the organisms while making sure that they are not recounting the same organism?

    3. ESUs are important for conservation management because they can be used to identify discrete components of the evolutionary legacy of a species that warrant conservation action.

      I think this is a great tool and method towards conservation. Being able to identify which are at risk more than others is essential.

    4. parapatric

      Is this the same as allopatric?

    5. biology (i.e., reproductive isolation), they can diverge, ultimately resulting in speciation. During this process, we expect to see distinct populations representing incipient spe

      What is an example of an incipient species?

    6. During this process, we expect to see distinct populations representing incipient species - species in the process of formation. Some researchers may describe these as subspecies or some other sub-category, according to the species concept used by these researchers.

      This is interesting to me. I had not heard the term incipient species before.

    7. Species richness and species evenness are probably the most frequently used measures of the total biodiversity of a region. Species diversity is also described in terms of the phylogenetic diversity, or evolutionary relatedness, of the species present in an area. For example, some areas may be rich in closely related taxa, having evolved from a common ancestor that was also found in that same area, whereas other areas may have an array of less closely related species descended from different ancestors (see further comments in the section on Species diversity as a surrogate for global biodiversity)

      This may be missing the point but in general do ecologists value diversity from one common ancestor vs many one of the other?

    8. species diversity even when they are actually referring to species richness

      Can we go over the distinction between richness and diversity a bit more in class?

    1. ver the last century, humans have changed the atmosphere's composition by releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide. This excess carbon dioxide, along with other 'greenhouse' gases, is believed to be heating up our atmosphere and changing the world's climate, leading to 'global warming'.

      The changes of the atmosphere due to large amount of carbon dioxide being release should be a major policy concern for many countries who can help reduce the output of carbon dioxide. The rising of the heat in the atmosphere and the change the world's climate is leading to changes in different ecosystems and communities. This can lead to loss of biodiversity over time.

    2. Recent studies suggest that natural processes may slow the rate of increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but it is doubtful that either the earth's oceans or its forests can absorb the entirety of the extra carbon released by human activity

      In my biology class, we have learned that oceans are a big factor for absorbing heat, however, it has been obviously noted that the oceans have been warming up way too much leading to ocean acidification and killing off biomes such as coral reefs, wouldn't these occurrences be an indicator that the oceans can no longer absorb the extra carbon release and heat? How much better can this be communicated to countries and companies that are large contributors of carbon?

    3. humans have changed the atmosphere's composition by releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide.

      Has there been any research on the increased greenhouse gases and if any particular species is adapting to it?

    4. ncrease and thereby absorb the extra carbon from the atmosphere? Recent studies suggest that natural processes may slow the rate of increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but it is doubtful that either the earth's oceans or its forests can absorb the entirety of the extra carbon released by human activity (Falkowski et al. 2000).

      It would be interesting to see how these different organisms cope with increased carbon emissions and how their multiplication would affect their ecosystems.

    1. Electron Micrograph of a Bacterial Chromosome shows loops of DNA attached to a central core of proteins to compact the circular chromosome

      Are the proteins being referred to called scaffold proteins?

    1. One of the most productive ecosystems on earth, wetlands have water present at or near the surface of the soil or within the root zone, all year or for a period of time during the year, and the vegetation there is adapted to these conditions. Wetlands are instrumental for the maintenance of clean water and erosion control. Microbes and plants in wetlands absorb nutrients and in the process filter and purify water of pollutants before they can enter coastal or other aquatic ecosystems.

      I think process itself shows the importance of emergent properties.

    1. taxonomically "cryptic species" look very similar to other species and may be misidentified (and hence overlooked as being a different species).

      incipient species could fall into this category (?)

    2. or example, taxonomically "cryptic species" look very similar to other species and may be misidentified

      I've heard about this term before, I wonder how common this is in the field?

    3. cryptic species

      I read about this before regarding insects, specifically mosquitos transmitting malaria. Originally, scientists thought there was one species transmitting the disease, but really it was six different species.

    4. Scientists estimate that the total number of species on Earth could range from about 3.6 million up to 117.7 million, with 13 to 20 million being the most frequently cited range (Hammond, 1995; Cracraft, 2002).

      Does this figure include micro organisms, would it even be possible to make a figure with micro organisms or do they evolve too rapidly.

    1. deciduous forests tend to reflect more radiation

      Would this be similar to how snow reflects sunlight?

    2. As winds pass over deforested lowlands, clouds are lifted higher, often above the mountaintops, reducing the ability for cloud forests to form. Removing the clouds from a cloud forest dries the forest, so it can no longer support the same vegetation or provide appropriate habitat for many of the species originally found there.

      This made me think of what we were discussing last class about difference in ecosystems. The clouds are no longer able to form causing the forest to dry up and change, therefore causing animals and other species to also die or face relocation.

    3. seasonal relationship between vegetation

      Another interesting effect of the seasonal deciduous forests is the fact that during the summer in the norther hemisphere global atmospheric CO2 levels will drop due to the deciduous forests photosynthesizing and storing CO2.

    1. When the uneaten seeds eventually grow, they are clustered, accounting for the typical distribution pattern of whitebark pine in the forest.

      This reminds me of how squirrels will bury their nuts for later! Though they can often forget where they buried them.

    1. 5' and 3' untranslated regions

      Maybe adding a sentence on how the UTRs and Exons are not separate things, but the UTR is on the first and last exon since there seemed to be some confusion in the group activity.

    1. NADH is a common biological reducing agent. NADH is an acronym for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride. Insetad of an anionic donor that provides a hydride to a carbonyl, NADH is actually a neutral donor. It supplies a hydride to the carbonyl under very specific circumstances. In doing so, it forms a cation, NAD+. However, NAD+ is stabilized by the fact that its nicotinamide ring is aromatic; it was not aromatic in NADH.

      NADH is a biological reducing agent. It can be used to reduce carbonyl to alcohol.

    1. Key Takeaways

      Perception involves attending, organizing, and interpreting. Perception impacts communication. Attending, organizing, and interpreting have specific definitions, and each is impacted by multiple variables.

    2. Interpreting

      Personal Experience Involvement Second involvement impacts your interpretation

      Expectations Third, the expectations that we hold can impact the way we make sense of other people’s behaviors.

      Assumptions Fourth, there are assumptions about human behavior

      Relational Satisfaction Fifth, relational satisfaction will make you see things very differently.

    3. Personal Experience

      Personal Experience First, personal experience impacts our interpretation of events. What prior experiences have you had that affect your perceptions?

    4. erception process

      the perception process has three stages: attending, organizing, and interpreting.

      Attending

    5. interpersonal communication,

      interpersonal communication, each time you talk to other people, you present a side of yourself. Sometimes this presentation is a true representation of yourself, and other times it may be a fake version of yourself

    6. Learning Outcomes

      Describe perception and aspects of interpersonal perception. perception, or the process of acquiring, interpreting, and organizing information that comes in through your five senses.

    7. Perception

      The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses

    8. Learning Outcome

      Describe perception and aspects of interpersonal perception. List and explain the three stages of the perception process. Understand the relationship between interpersonal communication and perception. , put yourself in their shoes and see it from their perspective before jumping to conclusions or getting upset.

    1.   feeling of being alone and not connected to others

      ** Social isolation :is the lack of social contacts and having few people to interacts with regularly. You can live alone and not feel lonely or social isolated.

    1. Noise

      Anything that interferes with the message is called noise. Noise is anything that hinders or distorts the message. There are four types of noise. The first type is physical noise. The second type of noise is psychological noise. psychological noise is difficult to see or understand because it happens in the other person’s mind. third type of noise is semantic noise, which deals with language. jargon, accents, or language us The fourth and last type of noise is called physiological noise. receiver’s body interferes or hinders the acceptance of a message

    2. Environment

      The context or situation where communication occurs and affects the experience is referred to as the environment. won’t talk to your boss the same way you would talk to your best friend. (An exception might be if your best friend was also your boss).

    3. Feedback

      Feedback is the response to the message. if the receiver understood the message, then it is positive feedback. receiver did not understand the message, then it is negative feedback. Positive feedback does not mean that the receiver entirely agrees We might correct our words and change how we communicate based on our internal feedback. ambiguous feedback might include saying “hmmm” or “interesting.”

    4. Channel

      The channel is the medium in which we communicate our message. The channel is the medium in which you learn about information. cell phones act as many different channels of communication at once. message impacts which channel they might use.

    5. Message

      Messages include any type of textual, verbal, and nonverbal aspects of communication, in which individuals give meaning.

    6. Receiver

      The receiver(s) is the individual who decodes the message and tries to understand the source of the message. Receivers have to filter messages based on their attitudes, beliefs, opinions, values, history, and prejudices.

    7. sender

      The sender is the encoder or source of the message

    8. transactional model of communication

      transactional model of communication teaches us that we are both the sender and receiver simultaneously

    9. Sender

      know that choosing the right words – “encoding” sender is the person who decides to communicate and the intent of the message

    10. communication

      sender, receiver, message, channel, feedback, and noise.

    1. Maslow

      Maslow's pyrimad bottom- PHYI needs(breathe, food, water,sex,homeostasis SAFETY: Security of: body, emplymnt, morality, family, health, etc Love/belonging: friendship, family, sexual Esteem: self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect by others Next:S

    2. Takeaways

      Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs impacts the content of communication as well as the purpose. The feedback we receive from others provides insight into who we are as individuals. A major theory in building relationships is Uncertainty Reduction Theory, which explains how we put ourselves at ease with others.

    3. Maslow

      Maslow's Pyrimad PHYSILOGICAL: breathing, food, water, sex sleep,etc seSAFEY: Security of:body, employment, health, family LOVE/BELONGING: friendship family, sexual ESTEEM:Self-esteem, confiidencant achievement SELF-ACTUALIZATION: morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of pejudice, acceptance of fact

    4. theorists Charles Berger and Richard Calabrese9

      Uncertainty Reduction theory: humans habitually form relatioonships Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs impacts the content of communication as well as the purpose. deciption

    5. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

      Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs impacts the content of communication as well as the purpose.

    6. Berger and Calabrese found for

      solution that Berger and Calabrese found for the reduction of uncertainty, self-disclosure.

    7. theorists Charles Berger and Richard Calabrese9

      uncetainty Reducion theory:

    8. Uncertainty Reduction theory

      three things: (1) The person’s ability to reward or punish us, (2) the degree to which they meet or violate our social expectations, and (3) whether we expect to reencounter them.

    9. , theorists Charles Berger and Richard Calabrese9 s

      How humans form relationships by habitually comparing. research focused on the initiation of relationships. heory addressed cognitive uncertainty. Uncertainty Reduction theory emerged. This theory addressed cognitive uncertainty (uncertainty associated with the beliefs and attitudes of another) and behavioral uncertainty (uncertainty regarding how another person might behave) Three Strateries: Three strategies are used to reduce uncertainty, including passive, active, and interactive strategies. Passive strategies avoid disrupting the other individual and can be accomplished through observation. Active strategies involve asking a friend for information or observing social networking such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Finally, interactive strategies involve direct contact with the other individual.

    10. social comparison

      Social comparison

    1. To understand chemistry, we need a clear understanding of the units chemists work with and the rules they follow for expressing numbers. The next two sections examine the rules for expressing numbers.

      Around the world, people use different kinds of measurements.

    2. A quantity is an amount of something and consists of a number and a unit. The number tells us how many (or how much), and the unit tells us what the scale of measurement is.

      the thing you measure with.

    3. emperature, height, weight, and perhaps blood pressure

      different things you can measure.

    4. When you follow these instructions, you are measuring

      Any way to limit or define an amount of anything, it's a measurement.

    1. unit may be modified

      troubleshooting, many decisions involved

    2. specials with limited production requirements, are numbered

      integrated circuit costs tend to decrease with a large amount of chips required.

    3. monolithic integrated-circuit amplifiers

      def monolithic integrated-circuit amplifiers: one chip vs "discrete-component circuits."

    4. passive feedback elements.

      Op-amp circuits tend to be run by passive elements.

    1. Ask someone you trust for feedback and constructive criticism.

      This could be a tutor?

    2. It’s most efficient to revise from “big” to “small.”

      This is such a helpful tip

    3. as help

      Yes, as just an opportunity for a different perspective

    4. and pick up only negative vibes

      Yes, that feeling of "not good enough," but a critique can be quite the opposite

    5. drafts.” 

      I am totally not sure about this, but is there a need for an in-text citation? I am so used to citing...

    6. celebrates

      Yes! She really does, and it is great for a writer to see that

    1. Drafting is the stage of the writing process in which we develop a complete first version of a piece of writing. 

      This is a very well written chapter. I am not sure if I have too much to add to it.

    2. As Anne Lamott says in her book Bird by Bird: Some Instructions on Writing and Life

      This is such a great attribution to Lamott

    1. Set a timer and write for 5-15 minutes

      This reminds me of the Pomodoro technique

    2. Choose a prompt, an idea or question that gets you started

      I like this idea of connecting freewriting to the prompt from the very beginning of the writing process

    3. Let your mind go, go with the flow,

      This is a really great way to put it

    4. connections

      This is a really great way to start creating some synthesis in argumentative/ research writing

    5. Think of ideas that connect to the big concept.

      Or branch out of it

    6. big concept

      Connecting this big concept to an assignment prompt?

    7. What I know/don’t know lists:

      I really like this one! For example, 10 things I know to be true about...

    8. Work as quickly as you can

      Can set a time limit by using a timer, for example, 10 - 15 minutes. Write without stopping and then, after the time is up, take a 5 minute break. After the break, come back to your writing so you can see it with "fresh eyes"

    1. Write notes by hand on the margins of the text

      It is almost like having a conversation with the text. You can challenge assumptions, question, agree/ disagree, etc.

    2. Underline or highlight words, sentences, and passages that stand out.

      Question the text, the author, or the ideas presented in the text/ argument

    1. first step toward coming up with our own contribution to the larger conversation

      Yes, this is truly when the writing process actually begins

    2. instructor's guidance can help

      Yes, these specific guidelines outline the criteria of the essay or assignment

    3. The instructor's guidance can help us focus our efforts from the start.

      It may also help to mention that styling the prompt will help students to make sure that they answer/ respond to the prompt directly in their writing. This way their writing should follow the prompt.

    4. murky thoughts

      Yes, or those very first, very rough drafts

    5. we almost always get to greater insight and clarity for ourselves and our readers

      Yes, and simply because writing is a different kind of thinking within itself

    6. eel discouraged and question our skill because we can't envision a fully-formed essay on the spot

      This reminds me so much of Anne Lamott's writing "First Drafts"

    7. new assignment

      Yes, and, in this case, ANY new assignment

    8. Writing can be daunting

      This statement is just so relatable! I think that anyone who writes can really relate to it.

    1. Image by pencil parker from Pixabay 

      This image relates both the idea of what writing is through generating ideas and the actual process that we go through as writers.

    2. Image by pencil parker from Pixabay 

      I actually like this image. It is very compelling and interesting. I think that it reflects on the concept of the writing process quite well. I see that it already has an attribution. Is this image going to be the image for the chapter?

    1. Matter can be classified according to physical and chemical properties. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. A physical change involves the conversion of a substance from one state of matter to another, without changing its chemical composition. Most matter consists of mixtures of pure substances, which can be homogeneous (uniform in composition) or heterogeneous (different regions possess different compositions and properties). Pure substances can be either chemical compounds or elements. Compounds can be broken down into elements by chemical reactions, but elements cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means. The properties of substances can be classified as either physical or chemical. Scientists can observe physical properties without changing the composition of the substance, whereas chemical properties describe the tendency of a substance to undergo chemical changes (chemical reactions) that change its chemical composition. Physical properties can be intensive or extensive. Intensive properties are the same for all samples; do not depend on sample size; and include, for example, color, physical state, and melting and boiling points. Extensive properties depend on the amount of material and include mass and volume. The ratio of two extensive properties, mass and volume, is an important intensive property called density.

      Main idea/summary

    1. (Note: The author describes the poster's imagery and typography, what the poster denotes.

      I found this statement confusing. "The author describes the poster's imagery, typography, and what the poster denotes" or are you saying the author describes the imagery and typography to explain what the poster denotes.

    2. lengthy

      You may want to capitalize the "l" which is the American rule, the British rule does not.

    1. In our analysis, we will want to consider the larger purpose of the argument, and the constraints it has to work with, or the factors limiting it. 

      The font is smaller on this one section.

    2. to

      "A colon is not normally followed by a capital letter in British usage, though American usage often prefers to use a capital." http://www.sussex.ac.uk/informatics/punctuation/colonandsemi/colon

    1. Each cubic cell has 8 atoms in each corner of the cube, and that atom is shared with 8 neighboring cells. In the Body Centered Cubic Cell (BCC) there is an additional atom in the center of the cube, and in the face centered cubic cell, an atom is shared between two unit cells along the face.
    2. Figure12.1.112.1.1\PageIndex{1}: The 7 types of unit cells. In this class we will only look at cubic systems, and will identify 3 types of cubic unit cells (figure. 12.b)
    3. αα\large\alpha = angle in the yz plane ββ\large\beta = angle in the xz plane γγ\large\gamma = angle in the xy plane
    1. Chapter 8 looks at how arguments move us, and Chapter 9 explores how they establish trust and a sense of connection. Chapter 10, which presents the argument analysis essay, discusses how we can give a picture of an argument as a whole, finding connections between its appeals to emotion and trust and its logical structure. Finally, Chapter 11 considers techniques for shaping individual sentences to make our arguments clearer and more powerful.

      I'm excited to read all the chapters in this book !

    2. terminology.

      "the body of terms used with a particular technical application in a subject of study, profession, etc."

    3. Response papers make recommendations in response to the strengths or weaknesses of the argument.

      When we peer review, it can be really helpful for us because we get to know what we did good on and what we can improve on.

    4. Summaries describe the ideas in an argument we have read.

      Summaries are a huge part of reading and writing. It helps us understand the main ideas of what we read.

    1. Which drugs should be legal? How should we address climate change?  How should we ensure public safety?  How much money should the government take from citizens, and how should it spend that money? How do we move toward a more just society?

      These are big questions where people can spend countless hours debating and expressing their opinions and thoughts.

    2. myriad

      "countless or extremely great in number."

    3. High-stakes life questions involve so many complex considerations that they demand extended thought. What major and career should I pursue?  How much should I work while in school?

      I've had a lot of thinking time considering these questions and after a couple days of thinking I know what my answers to these questions are.

    4. Yet fast thinking only gets us so far and often gets us into trouble.

      I've gotten in trouble at times when I've made decisions based off fast thinking.

    5. We look for a second, we read a headline without reading the whole article, we decide to click or not click “Like,” we decide to share with friends or not—all based on fast thinking.

      On social media, I like to send videos and other posts to my friends as soon as I finish looking at it.

    6. Many psychologists have argued that people tend to make decisions quickly and base them heavily on emotion.

      I agree, more people's decisions are impacted based on emotions but I think people should think more about their decisions and base it on logic.

    7. Nurses and doctors write notes on patient care;

      I want to become a nurse so I know writing is going to be a big part of the job.