Dauntless the slug-horn to my lips I set
Critics have long debated the meaning of Roland’s final gesture, which many read as a transformation of the quest’s traditional moment of triumph. Brandon Moen compares Roland’s horn-blast to The Road, where the father and son’s survival takes the place of moral salvation. Ronald Primeau compares the poem to “Man Against the Sky” calling the moment “triumphant futility” (Primeau 223). Roland gains neither glory nor salvation, yet he refuses despair. Together, these readings suggest that Browning reshapes the romance ending into a model of existential commitment that resonates across literary periods, making Roland a prototype for later heroes who persist without hope.
