- Oct 2016
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www.elephantconservationcenter.com www.elephantconservationcenter.com
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moribund
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www.economist.com www.economist.com
- Sep 2016
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www.thehindu.com www.thehindu.com
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a habeas corpus petition
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www.thehindu.com www.thehindu.com
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bust
a large satellite image of the country, with its bust bowls, deep valleys and steep mountains
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www.thehindu.com www.thehindu.com
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eschew
THEY eschew greed and temptation at all turns
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www.thehindu.com www.thehindu.com
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www.thehindu.com www.thehindu.com
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www.thehindu.com www.thehindu.com
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Director of State Health Services
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writ
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doughty
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www.sdkrashen.com www.sdkrashen.com
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studies indicate that a text needs to be about 98% comprehensible in order for it to help the reader acquire new vocabulary
Source: Hu and Nation - seems to contradict "context clue" argument for uncovering new vocab. This may work if 98% is already there. May still be dark for jargon and technical terms.
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- Jul 2016
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virginia-anthology.org virginia-anthology.org
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Pursivants
A junior officer of arms
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Catchpoles
A petty officer of justice
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Tire
Attire
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calcined
Reduced
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Afterclap
A further damaging event following a supposedly closed affair.
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Masters
God
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Belzebub
Satan
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Church Offices were sold and bought
A practice known as simony.
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Scots
Perhaps alluding to Mary, Queen of Scots, executed in 1587 for allegedly plotting treason against Elizabeth I.
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Tushes
Tusks
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Intestine
Civil
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tane
Taken
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wherefore
Why
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our
Old England seems to be using the royal "we."
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sad
Grave
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Ague
High fever
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Art
Art thou
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virginia-anthology.org virginia-anthology.org
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much
Momentous; a big deal
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had
Would have
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Breast Work
A makeshift fortification or defense.
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for Carriage
To be carried (elsewhere)
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Fusees
Light muskets or firelocks
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Tours
Detours
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Original
Cause
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had
Would have
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Algerine
People from Algeria
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Bays
Baize, a coarse woolen cloth now commonly used on billiard tables.
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Spirits
Galenic theories of medicine proposed that illness was caused by a disproportionate quantity of bad humors in the body, which could be drained by bloodletting.
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had
Would have
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had
Would have
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straiten
Make his financial situation tight
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Barco-Longo
Spanish fishing boat
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Yard-Arm
Outer extremity of a yard or shipyard
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Round-House
The uppermost cabin in the stern of the ship
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Hands
Assistants
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upon their Behaviour
Well behaved
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Brow
Crest
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had
Would have
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set them over
Transport them inland, closer to the voices
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it was all one
It was no use
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hollowing
Halloaing, calling
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make a Waft with her Antient
Hoist a particular flag up the mast to signal the boat to return.
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stave
Break up, dismantle
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Husbands
Stewards; caretakers
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defaced
Removed all traces of
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pretty much
Copious
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without
Out of
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yearling
Adolescent (~2 years)
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by the Way
Of little consequence; extraneous information
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bad
Bade/bid
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fain
Eagerly
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cock, and present
To prepare a loaded gun for firing by raising the hammer (cocking) and aiming it (presenting)
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Skirt
Edge
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though
Even if
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I fetch’d a Compass to my Right-Hand, of near a Mile
He took a mile-long detour to the right-hand side ("compass" here refers to a circuitous route, not a navigation tool)
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fleet
Float
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gyb’d
Turned downwind
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Boom
A long spar running from different places in the ship to the base of a mast
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pitch’d upon
Chose
Tags
Annotators
URL
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- Jun 2016
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virginia-anthology.org virginia-anthology.org
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Hangers
Swords
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Laths
Thin, narrow strips of wood used to form a groundwork upon which to fasten the slates of a roof
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discover
Reveal
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discover’d
Demonstrated
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Stock
The butt of a gun
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clapp’d
Placed
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Curlieu
A bird with a long, curved bill.
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Supra-Cargo
An official on a merchant ship responsible for overseeing the cargo and its sale.
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ORIGINAL SIN
Alluding to Adam and Eve's consumption of the forbidden fruit, termed "original sin" in the Christian tradition.
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Pumps
Heeled shoes
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glaz’d Powder
The process of glazing involves tumbling the gunpowder grains in revolving drums with graphite, to smooth them and make them water resistant.
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Till
Drawer, especially for holding money
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Succades
Candied fruit
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Cordial Waters
Medicinal concoctions
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Boltsprit
Bowsprit; a large spar or beam extending forth from the front of a ship
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next
Nearest
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found it
Experienced these emotions
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wave
Waive, set aside
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happy
Fortunate
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nicest
Most careful
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But it was otherwise directed
Providence decreed otherwise
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Strait
Narrow opening
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Goat’s Tallow
Made from mutton fat
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some wild-fire in the Pan
Dry rags or some other fuel, to catch the spark from the flint.
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Tinder-box
A box containing flint and steel for striking a light to make fire
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Converse
Conversation or communication (of spirits with humans)
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chop’d upon them
Happened upon them accidentally
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Disposition
Arrangement or organization; setting forth
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Glasses
Spyglasses
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Swan-shot
Small lead pellets - so called, of course, because a fowling piece is ordinarily used to shoot birds
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Brace of Slugs
A handful of musket balls
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Ambuscade
Ambush
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had
would have
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Design
Plan or scheme
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Cutlashes
Cutlasses (a sailor's sword with a curved blade)
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least
Lest
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distinguish’d
Physically separated
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Cockpit
Here alluding to the cockpit of a ship, or the part of the helm where the steering wheel is
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Prospective Glass
A spyglass, or sailor's telescope
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Temper
Temperament
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Application to my Maker
Prayer or supplication
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Osier
A variety of Eurasian willows
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start
Startle
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Chimera
Monstrous imagining (more literally, a monster in Greek mythology, with a lion's head, a goat's body, and a serpent's tail)
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Chequer Work
Checkerboard
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made
Arrived at
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a Stone’s Cast
A stone's throw, or a very short distance
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Magazine
Supply or storehouse
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Squab
A cushion forming part of the inside fittings of a carriage
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Muschatoes
Mustachios
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a large Pair of Mahometan Whiskers
A long moustache, such as a Muslim man might have worn
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Moletta
A variation of the word "mulatto," here used to refer to brown skin
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Frog
A loop attached to a belt, designed to hold a sword or bayonet
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Thongs
Cords
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Spatter-dashes
Long gaiters or leggings of leather, to keep boots and trousers from being spattered with mud
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Buskins
Calf-high or knee-high boots
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Pantaloons
Breeches or trousers
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crazy
Feeble
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answer’d my End
Served my purpose
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Forecast
Crusoe's comical failure to anticipate that, the larger his enclosure is, the harder it will be to catch the goats inside
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Drills
Small streams or rills
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Contrivance
Foresight; planning or ingenuity
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Graplin
Grappling-iron
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Memorandum
In Latin, literally "a thing which must be remembered"
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answer’d
Served the need
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made shift
Contrived (ie. a makeshift waistcoat)
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neither had they been wanting to me
Neither had they failed
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flea
To flay or skin them
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Want
Lack
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a Gross
A square dozen, or 144 of something
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dress
Cook
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Fewel
Fuel
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Declivity
A downward slope, so that the boat might slide down into the water.
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Periagua
A small, flat-bottomed Caribbean boat similar to a canoe, but with a sail.
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to rub it out
To remove the seed from the husk
Tags
Annotators
URL
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- May 2016
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virginia-anthology.org virginia-anthology.org
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Puddings
In Britain, pudding can refer to a number of sweet and savory dishes, including desserts and various types of sausages made from entrails. Here, it refers to a sweetened bread.
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Search
Searce; another word for a sieve
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against
Until
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to raise Past
To make pastry
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Pipkins
Small earthenware pots
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bruised
Ground
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to my Mind
To my liking
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Thrash
Threshing, or the process of separating the seeds of corn from the husks
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Harrow
A very large frame set with iron teeth that is dragged over arable land to break up clods of earth
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Peck-loaf
A two-gallon loaf; Crusoe's crop is so small to begin with, that every grain the birds eat is a significant loss
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fain
Eagerly, gladly
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Case-Bottles-Square
A bottle with a square-shaped base, often used for gin
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Peck
An imperial unit of dry volume, approximately 2 gallons
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Humiliation
In this context, meaning humility, rather than embarrassment
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cast
Counted
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Meat
Food generally, not necessarily restricted to animal's flesh
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100 Weight
An imperial hundredweight, or about 112 lb
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light
Alight
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above half a Hundred Weight
More than 56 lb (a full hundredweight is 112 lb)
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Traffick
Violent altercation
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Of which in its Place
Crusoe will describe this predicament at greater length farther along in the narrative (i.e. "More about this later.")
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Chickens Meat
Chicken's food; in this case, barley (referred to here sometimes as corn), which Crusoe realizes must have germinated and sprouted.
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Staves
Wooden planks from which barrels are made.
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Cask to be hooped
A typical wooden barrel, consisting of vertical wooden staves bound with lateral metal hoops.
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Runlet
A roundlet, or, in wine-measure, a barrel holding about 48 gallons.
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jealous
Fearful, apprehensive, or wary.
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Hodd
An open receptacle for carrying mortar, bricks, stones, or coal.
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Iron Gudgeons
The cylindrical shaft running through the center of a wheel, upon which it pivots.
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shoal
Shallow
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overset
Overturned
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Magazine
Storehouse
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Adze
A tool like a pickax, with a blade at right angles to the handle.
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Works
Some subsequent editions misread this word as the intransitive verb "to work," printing the line as "I set my self to enlarge my Cave, and work farther into the Earth." However, the first edition treats it as a noun.
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Iron Crows
Crowbars
Tags
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- Mar 2016
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virginia-anthology.org virginia-anthology.org
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husbanded
Economized or eked out, so they would last
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Popish
Catholic
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240 l.
240 lb.
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tho’ had the Powder took fire, I had never known who had hurt me.
Had the explosive gunpowder caught fire from the lightning, Crusoe would ironically not have survived the explosion to have suffered harm at the hands of man or beast.
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Semi-diameter
Radius
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Spritsail-yard, and the Missen-yard
The cross-beams attached at right angles to the masts, from which the various sails hang
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Hawser
A large rope used in warping or mooring a ship
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Hogshead of Bread
A large cask, or a quantity sufficient to fill a hogshead
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Maggazin
Here not referring exclusively to an arsenal of weaponry, but more generally to Crusoe's store of provisions.
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fain
Eager
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Iron Crows
Crowbars
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Grindstone
A stone on which to sharpen stone tools
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Powder-horns
A container for gunpowder, made from an ox or buffalo horn.
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Rack
A kind of liqueur
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Cordial Waters
Medicinal concoctions, often consisting of brandy or whiskey mixed with various spices.
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Skipper
Master of the ship
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Application
Ingenuity and determination (archaic usage)
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Forecastle
The forward part of a ship below the main deck, usually the crew's living quarters.
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a Furlong
One eighth of a mile, or 220 yards.
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