Hence, in a translanguaging classroom, one language is used to reinforce the performance in otherlanguages and students learn many new words from each other which enrich their vocabulary.

Charles老酥的一口經濟學pnedostSro4mgi80 a:a8f fc88ce05lu62OiP81glt6our00 7mtibMg9 h  · Shared with Public2025 年度代表詞："67"線上詞典 Dictionary.com 宣布，"67"成為 2025 年度代表詞之一。其他的代表詞包括"agnetic", "aura farming", "Gen Z stare", "overtourism", "tariff", "tradwife""67" 是美國年輕人的inside joke 是一種典型的 brainrot slang（爛梗式網路用語），刻意無意義、荒謬，重點在於懂的人才懂的內梗文化。老酥有問我高中的兒子，他看著我說如果你問這是甚麼意思的話那你就太認真了(huh?!)。所以我還是不知道甚麼意思。其他字的意義，你聽過幾個?agnetic: 有吸引力的、有磁性魅力的aura farming: 描述一個人刻意打造、經營自己氣場或形象的行為。形象塑造。Gen Z stare: Z 世代特有的一種面無表情、冷淡、不做作的凝視，常出現在自拍、TikTok 或反應影片中。overtourism: 過度觀光tariffs: bj4tradwife: 主張或實踐傳統性別角色、以家庭為中心、順從丈夫的女性。

Wordbank

notification

climate movement

renewable technologies

corporate sustainability targets

climate anxiety

ising seas and heating oceans

The difference between gradual warming and tipping points is similar to the difference between chronic, manageable ailments and acute, life-threatening diseases, isn’t it? Yes. When people downplay the effects of climate change, they often represent the problem as a case of planetary diabetes – as if it were a kind of illness that you can bumble along with, but still have a relatively good quality of life as long as you use your technologies, your insulin, whatever, to sustain your health. But this is not how climate scientists represent climate change. Dr Joelle Gergis, one of the lead authors on the latest IPCC report, prefers to represent climate change as a cancer – a disease that takes hold and grows and metastasises until the day when it is no longer curable and becomes terminal. You could also think of that as a tipping point.

“tipping points” – thresholds where a tiny shift could cause fundamental parts of the Earth system to change dramatically, irreversibly and with potentially devastating effects.

tipping points

Tipping points

environmental externalities – the costs of our economic system, including our greenhouse gas pollution

global heating

climate threat

ecosystems – ice sheets, coral reefs, ocean circulation and the Amazon rainforest

doomerism

Each of these playlist drafts is mostly skeletal, consisting of what curators call a “hypothesis,” or basic premise and intended target audience (the more specific, the better), and a few representative songs. In developing them, Colomo will flesh out the playlists with more songs (Spotify’s magic number is 50 — generally between 3 and 3.5 hours' worth — which feels substantial but not overwhelming), a cover image that reflects the hypothesis at a glance, and a short written description, usually no more than one or two sentences. (“I don’t think people come to Spotify to read,” Colomo says.)Hypotheses, of course, are meant to be tested, and Spotify curators regularly make adjustments to playlists based on data that shows how people are actually interacting with them.

spindle poles

it was so hard to get outside of the project of neoliberalism that we couldn't actually see what was possible in that Horizon three construct. So for us, we started to look at we need a just transition, plus an entire shift of ontology, ethical, epistemological, what we shorthand call auto shifts or ontological shifts

Vocabulary Customization:  Learning the top 1000 words in your target language is a slam-dunk in terms of efficiency, but what about the next thousand words? And the thousand after that? When do frequency lists stop paying dividends? Generally, I’d suggest stopping somewhere between word #1000 and word #2000. At that point, you’ll get better gains by customizing. What do you want your language to do? If you want to order food at a restaurant, learn food vocabulary. If you plan to go to a foreign university, learn academic vocabulary

To begin any language, I suggest starting with the most common, concrete words,

These are words that are common in every language and can be learned using pictures, rather than translations: words like dog, ball, to eat, red, to jump. Your goal is two-fold: first, when you learn these words, you’re reinforcing the sound and spelling foundation you built in the first stage, and second, you’re learning to think in your target language.

point-in-time recovery

thee

yield

thou

’Tis

thy self,

say’st that thou

thou triumph’st

thee

Wherein

thy

hast thou

apt

jet

cloistered

w’are

grudge

nay

spare

alas

pampered

maidenhead

know’st

Thou

mingled

thee

deniest

thou

Wechsler Adult lntelligence Scale (WAIS) is the most widely used intelligence test for adults

Intelligence Quotient (IQ), a measure of intelligence that is adjusted for age.

mental age, which is the age at which a person is performing intellectually

The Flynn effect refers to the observation that scores on intelligence tests worldwide have increased substantially over the past decades

standardization of a test involves giving it to a large number of people at different ages and computing the average score on the test at each age level.

autistic savants, people who score low on intelligence tests overall but who nevertheless may have exceptional skills in a given domain, such as math, music, art, or in being able to recite statistics in a given sport

Convergent Thinking, thinking that is directed toward finding the correct answer to a given problem, are different from those associated with Divergent Thinking, the ability to generate many different ideas or solutions to a single problem

Creative Intelligence, the ability to adapt to new situations and create new ideas, and/or Practical Intelligence, the ability to demonstrate common sense and street- smarts.

Analytical Intelligence, academic problem solving and performing calculations, but that they do not typically assess

Triarchic (three-part) Theory of Intelligence that proposes that people may display more or less analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence. Sternberg

Specific Intelligence “s”, a measure of specific skills in narrow domains.

the construct that the different abilities and skills measured on intelligence tests have in common the General Intelligence Factor (g).

articulation disorder refers to the inability to correctly produce speech sounds (phonemes) because of imprecise placement, timing, pressure, speed, or flow of movement of the lips, tongue, or throat

Stuttering is a speech disorder in which sounds, syllables, or words are repeated or last longer than normal.

Critical thinking, or a detailed examination of beliefs, courses of action, and evidence, involves teaching children how to think. The purpose of critical thinking is to evaluate information in ways that help us make informed decisions.

Metacognition refers to the knowledge we have about our own thinking and our ability to use this awareness to regulate our own cognitive processes

nowledge base, knowledge in particular areas that makes learning new information easier, expands

utilization deficiency refers to a child using an appropriate strategy, but it fails to aid their performance.

In a production deficiency the child does not spontaneously use a memory strategy, and has to be prompted to do so

mediation deficiency occurs when a child does not grasp the strategy being taught, and thus, does not benefit from its use.

The child uses Inductive Reasoning, which is a logical process in which multiple premises believed to be true are combined to obtain a specific conclusion

Concrete Operational Stage of cognitive development (Crain, 2005). This involves mastering the use of logic in concrete ways.

BMI is at or above the 85th percentile for their age are considered overweight, while children who are at or above the 95th percentile are considered obese

Body Mass Index (BMI) which expresses the relationship of height to weight.

sexual abuse is defined as any sexual contact between a child and an adult or a much older child. Incest refers to sexual contact between a child and family members.

Child Abuse and Neglect as: Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation; or an act or failure to act, which presents an imminent risk of serious harm

children develop their own conceptions of the attributes associated with maleness or femaleness which is referred to as Gender Schemas

Gender Roles, or the expectations associated with being male or female, are learned in one’s culture throughout childhood and into adulthood

This self-identification based on a continuum from male to female is known as Gender Identity.

response initiation, the ability to not initiate a behavior before you have evaluated all of the information, response inhibition, the ability to stop a behavior that has already begun, and delayed gratification, the ability to hold out for a larger reward by forgoing a smaller immediate reward

This focus on external qualities is referred to as the categorical self.

Self-concept is our self-description according to various categories, such as our external and internal qualities. In contrast, self- esteem is an evaluative judgment about who we are.

This “vocabulary spurt” typically involves 10-20 new words per week and is accomplished through a process called fast-mapping

Theory of mind refers to the ability to think about other people’s thoughts. This mental mind reading helps humans to understand and predict the reactions of others, thus playing a crucial role in social development.

Theory-Theory is the tendency of children to generate theories to explain everything they encounter. This concept implies that humans are naturally inclined to find reasons and generate explanations for why things occur.

Neo-Piagetians, or those theorists who provide “new” interpretations of Piaget’s theory

autobiographical memory, or our personal narrative. As you may recall in Chapter 3 the concept of infantile amnesia was introduced

episodic memories are tied to specific events in time.

Semantic memories are memories for facts and knowledge that are not tied to a timeline,

Non-declarative memories, sometimes referred to as implicit memories, are typically automated skills that do not require conscious recollection.

Declarative memories, sometimes referred to as explicit memories, are memories for facts or events that we can consciously recollect.

long-term memory, which is also known as permanent memory. A basic division of long-term memory is between declarative and non-declarative memory

clustering rehearsal, the person rehearses previous material while adding in additional information. If a list of words is read out loud to you, you are likely to rehearse each word as you hear it along with any previous words you were given

Executive function (EF) refers to self-regulatory processes, such as the ability to inhibit a behavior or cognitive flexibility, that enable adaptive responses to new situations or to reach a specific goal.

working memory. Working memory is the component of memory in which current conscious mental activity occurs. Working memory often requires conscious effort and adequate use of attention to function effectively

Sensory memory (also called the sensory register) is the first stage of the memory system, and it stores sensory input in its raw form for a very brief duration; essentially long enough for the brain to register and start processing the information

sustained attention, or the ability to stay on task for long periods of time.

our ability to focus on a single task or stimulus, while ignoring distracting information, called selective attention

he ability to switch our focus between tasks or external stimuli is called divided attention or multitasking

As children learn to think in words, they do so aloud before eventually closing their lips and engaging in Private Speech or inner speech.

Egocentric Speech or a practice engaged in because of a child’s inability to see things from another’s point of view.

Scaffolding is the temporary support that parents or teachers give a child to do a task.

Lateralization is the process in which different functions become localized primarily on one side of the brain.

Cortex or the thin outer covering of the brain involved in voluntary activity and thinking.

When decoding is a slow, laboured process this places demands on cognitive processes like working memory. By increasing speed and accuracy in reading, cognitive resources are freed and the child can begin to comprehend what they are rea

curriculum-based vocabulary

This game allows you to escape into a peaceful rural setting where the rhythmic tasks of farming provide a soothing break from the stresses of the real world.

Online gaming has emerged as a surprisingly effective method of stress relief, offering an accessible escape into worlds where challenges are enjoyable and victories are rewarding.

instructed continuously aboutthe political necessity of the measures.

spiritual care of the men who participate in thisaction

The battalion arrived in Bialystok on July 5, and two days laterwas ordered to carry out a "thorough search of the city , , , forBolshevik commissars and Communists," The war diary entry of,the following day makes clear what this meant: "a search of theJewish quarter,"

仔細聽就可以知道他們講的地地道道的「北京話」和我們所說的「國語」也不是兩回事。當「國語」剩下煮、煨、燉、煎、炒、炸這些「大方向」的動作時，他們還會使用焯、飛水、燒、打沫、擼之類的詞。顏色都還會用棗紅、糖紅、碧綠、翠綠來區分，黏不只黏，還黏糊；顫不只顫，還顫悠。「北京話」和「國語」差異絕對不只兒化音和捲舌問題。問題關鍵當然是在為了方便推行「國語」，人工的、製造的國語便少了很多生活或細節的部份。寫作文章差別愈顯明。平平寫「中文」，「國語」和「北京話」的豐富程度天差地，欲寫贏中國人，真僫。這時台語優勢就出來矣。和北京話仝款，閣保留誠濟用詞幼路的所在，親像炕、燖、煏、𠞭。最近台語文書寫的作家增加也是按呢，使用生活語言寫作，才有可能寫愈好。

. If you’re asleep you may not wake up, but your body is still responding if you hear a loud sound,” says Stansfeld.

Josi Livingston, a developer at a technology startup in London, often uses the silencing feature to block out office chatter while she’s coding, but likes how she can still hear if someone talks to her.

Father emptied a card le for Margot and me and lled it withindex cards that are blank on one side. This is to become ourreading le, in which Margot and I are supposed to note down thebooks we’ve read, the author and the date. I’ve learned two newwords: “brothel” and “coquette.” I’ve bought a separate notebookfor new words.

a courtesan-girl, a hetaera

gazelles

tyrannical

deities

she-asses

brass

impart

transgressors

defiantly

misdeeds

covenant

intercourse

caravans

conjure

herdsman

fawned

enchantment

stern

moult

plumes

vapors

zenith

countenance

gaily

mottled

elapsed

pierced

slumbe

rebuke

ensue

vouchsafed

piazza

sundry

ingenuity

Licentiate

vanquish

divinity

chivalry

conceits

aptly

harangue

lucidity

credulous

Personages

misshapen

stealth

ordained

conspiracy

institute

mutual

Transactional engagement is most easily described as customers using your product because they were prompted to do so. So, if I go to Facebook to see the photo my friend tagged me in — that is transactional engagement. Being endorsed on LinkedIn would also be an example of transactional engagement. Email and push notifications are the two most common channels of transactional engagement.

Organic engagement is most easily described as customers using your product without being prompted.

you fort

, leaving h

suffering

e, studi

h a tran

I often play product therapist

vanquish’d

squire

enmity

sonorous

curate

mutton

convent

thereupon

hereafter

peremptory

abstinence

meek

solicit

countenance

enamoured

repose

therefrom

thereupon

clad

befall

gazelle