Instead of simply enforcing "correctness," Lisabeth proposes that educators should "honor students' own language resources". Her practical solution involves a shift in teaching: rather than using a guide like The Elements of Style as a rulebook, teachers should assign it as an object for "rhetorical analysis". This, combined with reading "vernacular poetry and fiction" , helps students gain a "critical understanding of the language of power".

Lisabeth highlights the influence of this ideology by pointing out that The Elements of Style is the "number one most-assigned textbook" in the Open Syllabus Project. She argues that this widespread use, often by "well-meaning professors," shows how deeply these "racist dispositions" are "baked into American educational culture"

Citing Asao Inoue, Lisabeth claims that "all grading and assessment... that uphold singular, dominant standards that are racist and White Supremacist when used uniformly". She calls the popular belief that mastering Standard English will help students overcome social barriers the "American meritocratic myth", suggesting it's a false promise.

Lisabeth argues that modern style guides are not descended from pedagogical textbooks but from 19th-century "conversation" and etiquette guides. These guides were not about teaching language but about mapping "social, racial and gendered territory". She uses the metaphor of "racialized parlor and kitchen geography" to argue that style guides are designed to separate "correct" language (the parlor) from other "overreaching" vernaculars (the kitchen) .

Instead of simply enforcing "correctness," Lisabeth proposes that educators should "honor students' own language resources". Her practical solution involves a shift in teaching: rather than using a guide like The Elements of Style as a rulebook, teachers should assign it as an object for "rhetorical analysis". This, combined with reading "vernacular poetry and fiction" , helps students gain a "critical understanding of the language of power"

Lisabeth’s central argument is that popular, prescriptive style guides like The Elements of Style are "emblematic of the under-interrogated systemic racism of standardized English". She argues that classrooms using these guides are participating in "constructing English as White property" and implicitly underwriting "White Supremacist language" by valuing it as the only correct form.

The massive influence of this ideology by pointing out that The Elements of Style is the "number one most-assigned textbook" in the Open Syllabus Project. She argues that this widespread use, often by "well-meaning professors," shows how deeply these "racist dispositions" are "baked into American educational culture".

Citing Asao Inoue, Lisabeth claims that "all grading and assessment... that uphold singular, dominant standards that are racist and White Supremacist when used uniformly". She calls the popular belief that mastering Standard English will help students overcome social barriers the "American meritocratic myth", suggesting it's a false promise.

Lisabeth argues that modern style guides are not descended from pedagogical textbooks but from 19th-century "conversation" and etiquette guides. These guides were not about teaching language but about mapping "social, racial and gendered territory". Guides are designed to separate "correct" language (the parlor) from other "overreaching" vernaculars (the kitchen)

Important in learning

teachers have different perspectives

page 16-20 are blank for me

Students are more likely to learn a language style better if the teacher is more involved in supporting the students culture as a collective class instead of singling out individuals one at a time. The group setting and speaking practice helps everyone ( SAE speakers and HCE speakers) learn more and engage in their own experiences.

results

culturally congruent style was more effective

the types of teachers

equality results in more cooperation and learning

the goal of KEEP research program

Involvement in facilitated direct questions has been led to more successful reading and participation in patterns for talk stories.

Solution

visual > automatic Pronunciation is hard.

comprehension = relatively the same for stories in SE But HCE performed better for stories in HCE

Why not use SE?

results of reaction-timed comprehension test

BEV speakers picked up on contextual clues more than SE speakers

Def. interlocutors: ": one who takes part in dialogue or conversation" (Merriam Webster). Its not about how fully someone in a conversation understands the content but it is more important how they respond to the content.

"painfully obvious" Def. systematically: "a fixed plan or system" (Oxford).

AA children were considered to have less comprehension of the language

Is SE associated with upper-class educated english speaking populations?

whats clear to some is unlcear to others

little misunderstandings lead to large confusion

communication difficulties

Def. Abysmal: "poor, bad, low" (Merriam Webster)

these variations of English are not very different but are perceived as different due to comprehension difficulties.

Def. "facility in using two dialects of the same languagethe teaching of Standard English to pupils who normally use a nonstandard dialect" (Merriam Webster).

Resistance is neccessary

Educational change could be maintenance of minorities

!!!

Def. Pedagogical: "Relating to teaching" (Oxford).

This is from the book Sociolinguistics by Richard Hudson who is a white man. He is explaining that this version of Standard English has only been formed through conscious effort not through natural and external factors.

PRIVILEGE

Standard English is "deliberate intervention by society" but why not the other versions of English? this is an example of bias.

The species of dialogue are not particular ways of speaking? They are separate varieties of one language (English)

no real issues, if the communication is still effective

Solution

Article Goal: insight to difficulties encountered by SESD students. This relates to BEING AWARE of the privileges that are in written work. This article is specific to the state of written work 36 years ago, so it is eye opening to what has changed and what has remained the same.

Def. Prescriptivism: " the belief that there are correct and wrong ways to use language..." (Cambridge Dictionary) The black and white thinking is what breaks resistance and those who do not want to speak a specific way or write in SE.

Many versions of English!

It was hard for professionals to ignore mistakes in English language discussions in the 80s ( 40 years ago )

define assimilationist "a person who advocates or participates in racial or cultural integration" (Merriam webster)

cultute is stripped from educational experience to teach SESD (speakers of english as a second language/ dialect)

Def. "The study of social dimensions of language" (Britannica)

Both cultures want their way, fierce loyalty to dialect.

Def. "Creole, originally, any person of European (mostly French or Spanish) or African descent born in the West Indies or parts of French or Spanish America (and thus naturalized in those regions rather than in the parents’ home country). The term has since been used with various meanings, often conflicting or varying from region to region" (Brittanica)

Def. Socioeconomic status: "Encompasses not only income but also educational attainment, occupational prestige, and subjective perceptions of social status and social class. SES encompasses quality-of-life attributes and opportunities afforded to people within society and is a consistent predictor of a vast array of psychological outcomes." Adapted from the APA Dictionary of Psychology

privileges vs non / the people who have a second dialect tend to do worse on their academics... Why?

explain your reasoning of your ideas connecting them with your sources

a conclusion is to recap what has been said

this is how a strong introduction should have

this is the structure of the essay and its like if your were speaking yourself.

Phonology is the study of how different speech sounds are organized and used in languages

Morphology is the study of the form of different words.

The standard and conventional spelling system of writing a language.

page note

Hello! I really appreciated this work. The parameter–sensitivity analysis is especially nice for connecting the experimental results to elucidate the role of mother–daughter asymmetry.

One question I had: you mention that the cln3Δwhi5Δ mutant shows reduced mother–daughter asymmetry compared to what the pure timer model predicts, which seems like an interesting discrepancy. Do you have any hypotheses about what biological coordination or parameter correlations might explain this?

I also wondered whether the microscopy data used for the mother–daughter asymmetry analysis might be made publicly available? I think it would be a valuable resource for others in the field.

for teu rform to happen they need to align

goals - global governanve reform to improve emerging country participation,imporve global south corperation for inclusive and sustainable govenemnt

the expasion is as a result of the west not resposnidng to low ncome countries needs. "The west is arrogant towards the needs of the global south.

AI helped with planning, drafting, and organizing content.

Limitations in AI output. Overreliance on AI or lack of critical engagement. Some assignments were difficult to complete effectively with AI support.

Highlights the need for AI literacy, critical thinking, and instructional support; informs educational AI design.

Students expected AI to act as a multi-tasking writing assistant, virtual tutor, and digital peer.

Participants

Investigates students’ perceptions and experiences with Generative AI (GenAI)–assisted academic writing using a ChatGPT4-embedded writing system.

this

1

Long claims that the term "prescriptivism" is a "relatively new" and "derogatory word for standardization". It suggests that the academic rejection of "prescriptivism" may be a rejection of the idea of standardization itself, rather than just a rejection of specific "improper" rules.

Long draws a line between different kinds of language rules. He argues for standardizing spelling in written English, but simultaneously insists that grammatical "differences in construction must be allowed". This suggests a practical compromise for educators: they can uphold a clear academic standard while still honoring a student's home language by allowing for variations in sentence structure and grammar.

Instead of absolute terms like "correct" or "incorrect," Long suggests a more practical evaluation. He asks writers to consider two key factors: the audience's perception and whether the language "fit[s] into the system of contemporary English". This shifts the goal from following rules to making effective rhetorical choices.

Long directly warns instructors about the negative impact of focusing on error. He states that "teachers of composition should be cautious in correcting student grammar because it is quite possible to overcorrect and make students feel insecure or alienated. This highlights the potential harm of prioritizing grammatical "correctness" over a student's confidence and the development of their authentic voice.

Long directly warns instructors about the negative impact of focusing on error. He states that "teachers of composition should be cautious in correcting student grammar because it is quite possible to overcorrect and make students feel insecure or alienated. This highlights the potential harm of prioritizing grammatical "correctness" over a student's confidence and the development of their authentic voice.

Long draws a line between different kinds of language rules. He argues for standardizing spelling in written English, but simultaneously insists that grammatical "differences in construction must be allowed". This suggests a practical compromise for educators: they can uphold a clear academic standard while still honoring a student's home language by allowing for variations in sentence structure and grammar.

Long argues against a punitive model of grammar instruction. He claims grammar "should be taught positively, as an account of the structure of the language, not negatively, as an account of ways in which people often produce poorly constructed sentences". This supports a shift: instead of using grammar rules to punish student errors, educators should use grammar as a tool for linguistic understanding and analysis.

Long claims that the term "prescriptivism" is a "relatively new" and "derogatory word for standardization". It suggests that the academic rejection of "prescriptivism" may be a rejection of the idea of standardization itself, rather than just a rejection of specific "improper" rules.

Daisy and Gatsby liked each other and they cared for each other.

Why is he walking up and down? Is he too sad to walk?

She thinks that Gatsby is a bit charming.

Also serves to highlight the value of English proficiency in the world particularly for Russian students.

Demonstrates the value of English proficiency in learning and professional settings.

Emphasizes the importance of the teaching of English and English understanding as times change and English grows in use across the world.

this is mostly for fiction but reading helps people socially, emotionally, and helps to process information. The more we read the better we can communicate with one another.

credentials

So far gathering that reading improves mental health and brain development and that's the main points to creating urgency to make the readers care and be more engage with the text.

their credentials

Its explain the "why" reading is important.

Parents are reading less to their kids and how is this going to affect them later on?

so maybe earlier the speculation about economic pressure and economic standing correlate to how people are able to spend their free-time--probably a stretch

this is how many people did this survey and there's no specifics if this is at random or carefully selected based on economic standing, age, race, etc.

psychological benefits

not factual so moving on...

speculating

the cause for a decline in social interaction?

Dr.Fancourt's credentials

so were only considering statics from print media specifically. Got it.

there's an array of media to be read...so where's the data drawn from?

statics (logos)

Students attitude

Weaknesses seen in AI.

Strengths students saw in AI.

How students used AI.

How students wanted to improve AI.

what they did.

The study argues that students can use AI productively for writing, and that students learn real lessons about writing when they work with AI, not just cheat with it.

Wang et al. study how college students actually use AI tools like ChatGPT while writing application letters and personal statements. The researchers had 47 U.S. college students use AI to complete a real class assignment, then answer open-ended survey questions about what worked, what didn’t, and what they learned. The study found that students usually went through multiple rounds of prompts. They said AI was helpful for structure, professional wording, and connecting résumé details to the job or program. However, students also said the AI writing was often generic, repetitive, too robotic, and lacked personal voice or emotion. Students recommended improving AI drafts by adding personal stories, emotions, and specific details. Overall, most students felt positive about writing with AI, but the authors warn that teachers still need clear rules and guidance. This source helps show how real students use AI in writing and what strengths and weaknesses they notice firsthand

Flowers emphasized that settlers need to accept hearing “no” from Indigenous people. They need to give up the advantages they hold in society, and speak out against their own government’s harmful actions, even when they don’t get praise or approval from Indigenous communities. Settlers should do the right thing because it is the right thing to do, not because they want to be thanked or seen as “good allies.”

Thesis Flowers argues that forgiveness, as often demanded in reconciliation politics that asks the oppressed to surrender resentment. Our state (Canada) apologies for residential schools, are one-time events, not structural transformation. Forgiveness presumes a single, past event, whereas colonialism is a continuing structure and it is still happening. It is not a past event only. Refusing to forgive Is both rejection of colonial violence and affirmation of Indigenous law, teachings, and love. It is especially justified given ongoing violence against Indigenous women and children. Flowers closes with stories of her grandmother and great-grandmother, who both enacted refusal in everyday encounters with racism and dispossession, showing how refusal can be a small but powerful reclaiming of dignity and agency.

Anger and resentment are not opposite to love here; they arise because of deep love and responsibility. Love is often directed inward toward community, culture, land, and ancestors, not toward the colonial state. Indigenous women’s resistance is powered by both love and rage.

Thesis: Flowers critiques how discourse around Indigenous women’s resistance to forgive centers around “love” for ancestors who endured violence, love for herself, and love for indigenous communities that continued to face colonial harms. When Canada asks for forgiveness for their harmful actions towards indigenous people, it is hard for an indigenous woman to forgive Canada as the colonialism and racism is continuing in Canada through discreet actions of government like not giving access to clean water to indigenous communities, not allowing their cultural practices in community areas, unfair treatments by police officer towards indigenous communities, and targeting indigenous women in trafficking and rape incidents. The anger in many indigenous women towards settlers is legitimate. Sometimes this happens in ways that take away the political importance of emotions like anger, resentment, and refusal. This relates to feminist ideas about how feelings and power are connected.

Forgiveness is impossible when harm is ongoing on indigenous communities. Indigenous women refusing to forgive also connects to critiques of Feminist Killjoy (Ahmed., 2020) by Sara Ahmad where a Killjoy feminist refuses to tolerate patriarchal or dominating behaviours from others.

Flowers critiques discourse of 'coexistence' that ignores colonial structure. I’ve seen many activist spaces that prioritize harmony over addressing power. It takes a strong soul to address structural problems like colonial violence and patriarchal behaviours the way Flower presented in this article.

What does a true reconciliation look like in Canada? When all reserves have access to clean water. When indigenous communities living on reserves does not have to pay twice the price for their grocery items. When police officers stop targeting indigenous people and stop dealing with them with violence. When indigenous women are not targets of sex trafficking or image for sex exfoliation and amusements. When settlers like white supremacy and other races stop claiming this land as “their” land and keep the indigenous communities in the backgrounds not as the “true owners” of this land. When indigenous children and youth are accepted for their cultural and spiritual beliefs and given and necessary support for their mental health supports in their communities. That is when the true reconciliation will start, and true acceptance will start to take place.

The story of Flowers’ great‑grandmother’s refusal in a grocery store illustrates refusal as sovereignty and intergenerational strength. When it comes to the violence against Indigenous women, Flowers notes that activists often emphasize victims’ “lovability” to counter stereotypes, but this can sideline women who don’t fit idealized images of “loveable” frame of mind. She insists that naming ongoing colonial and white supremacy violence is necessary. Indigenous women refuse to forgive because the harm is still continuing in Canada towards many indegenous people on daily basis.

It refers to continues power and colonialism over marginalized people by settlers or by white supremacy. Settler society benefits from Indigenous forgiveness because it allows the colonial state to avoid responsibility and maintain a sense of innocence.

Narratives emphasizing that victims were 'loved' can reinforce respect towards the lost souls and the suffering families. How does framing missing and murdered Indigenous women primarily as “loved” individuals weaken our ability to confront the real source of the violence like ongoing colonialism and white male violence? Flowers also shows that narratives emphasizing that victims were 'loved' or 'innocent' can unintentionally reinforce creates a harmful idea that only “good,” “pure,” or “respectable” Indigenous women deserve to be protected, mourned, or taken seriously. This limits justice and compassion to those who fit a narrow, socially approved image of the “deserving victim.” It also sidelines women who don’t fit those stereotypes like such as sex workers, women struggling with addiction, homeless women, or women who have been criminalized.

Hul’qumi’num’ concepts show resentment is not pathological but relational. It connects to Indigenous feminist epistemologies. Indigenous feminist epistemologies connect us to what counts as knowledge, who can be a knower, and how we know. Indigenous feminist epistemology asks how gendered, racialized, and colonial power shape what is seen as “truth.” As of now “anger” in indigenous feminist is seen or “framed” as a rage or as a “bad woman” attitude in the eyes of settlers or heteropatriarchal mindsets. However, only a true indigenous woman would understand that anger is a form of love for their communities, for their own selves, and for all the women, men, and children who lost their lives on the name of “civilization” on Canadian souls. And it is showing the respect towards whose lost souls to end the continues violence and unfair treatments towards indigenous communities. I think not only indigenous women, but all the feminists who have been seeing the continues form of colonialism and inequities should be angry and should refuse to forgive until the transformation of change comes in its true form on Canadian grounds.

In this texts I read rage as ethical. Indigenous women’s rage is described as life‑affirming because colonial harm is ongoing. Canada is keep asking for reconciliation from indigenous community yet violence and injustice against indigenous communities continues. This connects to Audre Lorde’s framing of anger as a tool of knowledge.

of course they want to feel significant

If I squint a little bit, I think I can find the mint notes. This is definitely not an overly sweet bourbon though--- I suppose that's the rye shining through. Warm, well-balanced, with lots to say.

Really liked this one! Happy waiting!

Any town with a bard and a lovely bourbon is a great place to wait. Thanks, J.H.!

Great start!

great for paraphrase

Researching variation more could lead to higher education for all in the long run

another example for body paragraph

direct quote, good quote for the body paragraph explaining variation use

example for variation in language used to educate

main purpose of article

example of importance

example for variation in education

main purpose of the article good for direct quote

key example of body paragraphs

basis of conclusion for this article

Charging for something that occurs naturally in nature absolutely baffles me. How is that even legal? It's like charging for air.

And now, on top of this, there's the issue of such high amounts of water being needed to cool AI computers that scarcity is only increasing. This is a resource that EVERYONE NEEDS TO SURVIVE, but it's treated like garbage and I cannot fathom why.

Why are wetlands some of the most populated areas on earth? For something that appears inhabitable, there is such a wide variety of life that dwells in them, and somehow, its a collection of some of the most dangerous creatures.

Is this not one of the main things they are meant to prevent? We as humans are GREAT at shooting ourselves in the foot.

If the sentiment that water is more precious than oil is generally accepted, why is it not better protected? All of our bodies of water are polluted beyond belief, many areas have severe shortages of water due to said pollution as well as diseases, and at least in terms of the U.S. government, we don't see much happening to preserve or clean up what is quite literally the most important resource on the planet.

Wineburg et al. identifies how scholar's credibility/accuracy practices are outdated and in-malleable to change.

Why seven minutes? Could it be because of the article's length -or because it creates a compromise between the time for standard/surface-level and deep analysis. Is this an Albert Wesker reference? (joking).

Does this make water striders the Jesus of the bug world

What other elements fall in this category?

I could just be incredibly stupid, but what does calories have to do with this?

Honestly, completely unrelated, but how is it that people develop an allergy to water? There's been several cases of it, but its such a pure element that I genuinely have to wonder.

Legitimately what does this mean

국어 문법에서 형용사·명사 등에 붙어 부사를 만드는 전형적인 접미사

“파생력”은 쉽게 말해 “새 단어를 얼마나 잘 많이 만들어 내는 힘”, 즉 그 형식의 파생 생산성을 뜻해.​

파생력의 기본 의미 국어 형태론에서 파생(derivation)은 접사나 내적 변화로 기존 단어에서 새 단어를 만드는 걸 말하고, 파생력은 어떤 접사·형태가 이런 파생을 얼마나 활발하게 해 내는지 정도를 가리켜.​

예를 들어 형용사 접미사 ‘-스럽다’는 ‘사랑스럽다, 이상스럽다, 자유스럽다’처럼 굉장히 많은 새 단어를 만들 수 있어서 파생력이 크다(생산성이 높다)고 말할 수 있어.​

접요사 논문 맥락에서 네가 보는 논문에서는 ‘-다-, -더-’ 같은 요소가 여러 어휘에 반복적으로 붙어서 새로운 의성어·의태어를 계속 만들어 낼 수 있느냐를 보고, 그게 충분히 크면 “접요사로서 파생력이 있다 → 접사로 인정할 근거”가 될 수 있다는 뜻이야.​

반대로 극히 한정된 몇 개의 낱말에만 박혀 있고, 새 단어 형성 사례가 거의 없으면 파생력이 약하거나 없다 → 독립된 접사·문법 범주로 보기 어렵다는 논리가 되는 거지.​

같은 말임. 둘 다 긴 형태->짧은 형태로 보는 것임. ㄴㅇ0ㅇㄱ

고어의 화석형->다른 것에도 끼어들을 수 있는 범용성이 없음

世界正在加速动态地变化，尤其是进入AI纪元之后。每天可以看到很多新闻，甚至真假难辨，非常喧哗。应对的方法论讨论有很多，但在张一鸣看来，在这样的一个环境中，他认为保持平常心是个听起来容易但重要的事情。

本自具足：自己内在什么都不缺，所以不必过多计较外在世界的得失。

This is a very well thought out comparison between the two entries. I think it was especially impressive to notice that although the differences were more substantial, you made a point to acknowledge the importance of their shared similarities and explained how that might show the motivations behind the culture.

I find this experience with the week 9 work to be very interesting with how much it contrasts with my own. From what is written I believe you have more experience with 3D modeling so that probably played a part in why you enjoyed it so much more. The workaround you came up with for confirming it was a genuine object was genius, I hope your final project goes well.

Used to education people on topics.

Il semble manquer un déterminant pour chaque terme :

"...sur l'islamophobie et le génocide".

Il est aussi possible de nuancer le propos ainsi :

"...sur la question / l'enjeu / le concept de l'islamophobie et du génocide"

Il semble y avoir une erreur d'accent :

"prête"

"de jure" semble un peu éloigné de l'élément qu'il qualifie. Je proposerais de les rapprocher pour éclaircir le sens :

"...sont susceptibles d'être de la sorte justifiées de jure par un élément cognitif"

OU

"...sont de jure susceptibles d'être de la sorte justifiées par un élément cognitif"

• Modern knowledge work is dominated by interruptions (meetings, Slack, emails), making long, focused blocks of work rare.
• The author models a workday using three key parameters: λ (interruptions per hour), Δ (recovery time after each interruption), and θ (minimum uninterrupted block needed for meaningful work).
• Interruptions are treated as a (simplified) Poisson process, but in reality they often come in clusters, which further worsens the ability to regain focus.
• Recovery time Δ represents how long it takes to rebuild mental context; even short “quick questions” can cost 10–20 minutes of effective productivity.
• Theta θ captures that five 10‑minute blocks are not equivalent to one 50‑minute block, because fragmented time below θ produces little real progress.
• The concept of “capacity” is defined as how many θ‑sized chunks fit into all focus blocks, using a floor function, so small changes in block lengths or θ can dramatically change effective output.
• Simulations of 100 days show that with harsh parameters (e.g., λ ≈ 3, Δ ≈ 20, θ = 60), long focus blocks are extremely rare and many days have almost no deep work.
• Empirical studies report very high interruption/activity-switch rates (e.g., activity switches every ≈3 minutes, or interruptions every ≈2 minutes for heavy collaborators), implying real-world λ is often far worse than the “toy” examples.
• Under high λ (e.g., 15 interruptions/hour) and moderate Δ, simulated days become walls of interruptions with almost no 15‑minute blocks, illustrating how deep work becomes statistically impossible.
• When λ and Δ are reduced (e.g., λ = 1, Δ = 10), most days contain multiple 60‑minute blocks, showing that structural conditions—not personal discipline—largely drive good vs. bad days.
• A heatmap over λ and Δ visualizes expected capacity; “good,” “typical,” and “terrible” zones differ dramatically in how many deep-work blocks they allow.
• Increasing θ (e.g., from 30 to 60 minutes) sharply reduces capacity in typical/terrible regimes, explaining why big, hard tasks feel impossible while smaller tasks remain doable.
• Monte Carlo simulations (many repeated day simulations) estimate expected capacity for each (λ, Δ, θ) combination, relying on the law of large numbers.
• Reducing λ is the most powerful lever: going from 1 to 2 interruptions/hour can slash the probability of getting three 60‑minute blocks from about 70% to about 14% in the example.
• Many interruptions are self-inflicted (e.g., frequent inbox/Slack checking), so batching communication and making access to your attention more “expensive” can substantially improve conditions.
• Matching θ to your environment means breaking high‑θ projects into smaller independent tasks, and reserving low‑λ windows (e.g., early mornings) for the longest, hardest work.
• Reducing Δ involves leaving breadcrumbs (notes to self), avoiding wide context switches, and using small rituals to re-enter focus so that resumption is faster.
• The core message is that deep work is rare not because of individual weakness but because λ and Δ in modern workplaces make it mathematically unlikely.
• Small structural changes—slightly fewer interruptions, somewhat shorter recovery, smaller-task design—can shift the whole distribution of days from “fragmented by default” to “deep work routinely possible.”
• The author recommends experimenting with a protected 90‑minute daily block as a personal lab to observe how λ, Δ, and θ play out and to reclaim focus

I'm kind of surprised Russian has a rather short list. considering how closely they competed with the USA during the cold war, I would assume that Russia would have a similar amount of development in the field of programming.

Hall is basically saying that we aren't born already knowing how to make sense of the world. The way we classify things, understand situations, and even decide what makes sense comes from our culture, not our biology. We learn from the people around us. We pick up shared meanings without even realizing it.

this reminds me that we shouldn't just accept things at face value. we have to actually pay attention to how things are being shown and what message that creates. Hall's basically saying that the media doesn't just reflect reality, it shapes it by adding meaning, changing meaning, or even creating it from scratch. so when we see people or events in the media, we're not seeing the real thing, we're seeing someone else's version of it.

Notice the contrasting views of Nanny and Janie.

Nanny has had a rougher early life compared with Janie, being a former slave, and as a result, she doesn't even care about love. Having someone like Logan as a husband would be unimaginably good to Nanny when she was Janie's age.

Janie never faced slavery, and takes personal safety for granted, so she wants personal fulfillment as well.

Janie's current view on romance—marriage comes before love.

Held at a distance but also "no allowable identities linked to standardness" ?

this is sad to me

example of privilege

to conclude, we should be aware of the privilege in written work grading and resist the troubles that it brings. We should be more diverse in perspectives so that privilege does not show up as often.

Definitely not. I was particularly annoyed that many things were presented as a dichotomy when plenty of nuanced responses were possible. For example, they gave the choice of either banning or keeping bots, no compromise. However, there's many types of bots and I'd rather filter them than choose either of the presented choices.

I think it would be good for users but definitely not beneficial for the company. As long as users are involved in the business or decision making, the dynamic will not be balanced. The company won’t be able to take full control, or it will cost them more to manage everything.

Janie wants her relationships to be fulfilling, rather than just having her do work for her husband, but Logan wants Janie to work—their views of a good marriage conflict.

In the United States, I feel that capitalism is everywhere. For example, dentists offer services that many people can’t afford without insurance. Society also puts pressure on people by making “nice white teeth” seem very important, so people end up spending thousands of dollars on dental work.

When I read section 19.1.3 about fiduciary duty and the Friedman doctrine, it really makes me feel like users basically have no real power on platforms like Meta. Even if a CEO personally want to care more about user well-being or ethics, the system kind of punish them if profits go down, so they are pushed to choose shareholders first. It feels a bit scary that even “good intentions” from leaders are not enough, because the whole structure of capitalism is pushing in the opposite direction. It also makes me question if telling people “just choose better companies or better CEOs” is actually helpful, since the problem seem more like the rules of the game, not only the people playing it.

In source [s15], Doctorow’s idea of “enshittification” feels very accurate for many platforms I used before, not only TikTok. First they act super nice to users so everyone joins, then slowly more and more value is taken away from users and given to advertisers and investors, until the site feels kind of annoying or even hostile to use. For me this connects a lot to the chapter’s discussion of fiduciary duty, because it shows how profit-max logic slowly squeezes both users and even business customers over time. It makes me wonder if any big social media platform that relies on ads and surveillance capitalism can really avoid this pattern in the long run, or if this “enshittification curve” is basically built-in.

Not much of a narrative in this article because there is not much information to be had.

New Orleans connection

The first time that I've seen anyone else involved in the article that is not the police, FBI, or Musk

Terrorist attack narrative, not the troubled soldier narrative.

connection between New Orleans and LV

Terrorist attack narrative.

This article investigates the connections, where every other article said that they have nothing to do with one another.

First article that I've come across that mentions this.