I major in English literature in University I major in interpreting you went to gr for my master degree I think more than 100 people applied and eight students were admit how many people finally passed the final exam two two two wow

Schwa[edit] When phonetically realised, schwa (/ə/), also called e caduc ('dropped e') and e muet ('mute e'), is a mid-central vowel with some rounding.[22] Many authors consider its value to be [œ],[37][38] while Geoff Lindsey suggests [ɵ].[39][40] Fagyal, Kibbee & Jenkins (2006) state, more specifically, that it merges with /ø/ before high vowels and glides: netteté /nɛtəte/ → [nɛ.tø.te] ('clarity'), atelier /atəlje/ → [a.tø.lje] ('workshop'), in phrase-final stressed position: dis-le ! /di lə/ → [di.ˈlø] ('say it'), and that it merges with /œ/ elsewhere.[41] However, some speakers make a clear distinction, and it exhibits special phonological behavior that warrants considering it a distinct phoneme. Furthermore, the merger occurs mainly in the French of France; in Quebec, /ø/ and /ə/ are still distinguished.[42] The main characteristic of French schwa is its "instability": the fact that under certain conditions it has no phonetic realization. That is usually the case when it follows a single consonant in a medial syllable: appeler /apəle/ → [ap.le] ('to call'), It is occasionally mute in word-final position: porte /pɔʁtə/ → [pɔʁt] ('door'). Word-final schwas are optionally pronounced if preceded by two or more consonants and followed by a consonant-initial word: une porte fermée /yn(ə) pɔʁt(ə) fɛʁme/ → [yn.pɔʁ.t(ə).fɛʁ.me] ('a closed door'). In the future and conditional forms of -er verbs, however, the schwa is sometimes deleted even after two consonants[citation needed]: tu garderais /ty ɡaʁdəʁɛ/ → [ty.ɡaʁ.d(ə.)ʁɛ] ('you would guard'), nous brusquerons [les choses] /nu bʁyskəʁɔ̃/ → [nu.bʁys.k(ə.)ʁɔ̃] ('we will precipitate [things]'). On the other hand, it is pronounced word-internally when it follows more pronounced consonants that cannot be combined into a complex onset with the initial consonants of the next syllable: gredin /ɡʁədɛ̃/ → [ɡʁə.dɛ̃] ('scoundrel'), sept petits /sɛt pəti/ → [sɛt.pə.ti] ('seven little ones').[43] In French versification, word-final schwa is always elided before another vowel and at the ends of verses. It is pronounced before a following consonant-initial word.[44] For example, une grande femme fut ici, [yn ɡʁɑ̃d fam fy.t‿i.si] in ordinary speech, would in verse be pronounced [y.nə ɡʁɑ̃.də fa.mə fy.t‿i.si], with the /ə/ enunciated at the end of each word. Schwa cannot normally be realised as a front vowel ([œ]) in closed syllables. In such contexts in inflectional and derivational morphology, schwa usually alternates with the front vowel /ɛ/: harceler /aʁsəle/ → [aʁ.sœ.le] ('to harass'), with il harcèle /il aʁsɛl/ → [i.laʁ.sɛl] ('[he] harasses').[45] A three-way alternation can be observed, in a few cases, for a number of speakers: appeler /apəle/ → [ap.le] ('to call'), j'appelle /ʒ‿apɛl/ → [ʒa.pɛl] ('I call'), appellation /apelasjɔ̃/ → [a.pe.la.sjɔ̃] ('brand'), which can also be pronounced [a.pɛ.la.sjɔ̃].[46] Instances of orthographic ⟨e⟩ that do not exhibit the behaviour described above may be better analysed as corresponding to the stable, full vowel /œ/. The enclitic pronoun le, for example, always keeps its vowel in contexts like donnez-le-moi /dɔne lə mwa/ → [dɔ.ne.lœ.mwa] ('give it to me') for which schwa deletion would normally apply (giving *[dɔ.nɛl.mwa]), and it counts as a full syllable for the determination of stress. Cases of word-internal stable ⟨e⟩ are more subject to variation among speakers, but, for example, un rebelle /œ̃ ʁəbɛl/ ('a rebel') must be pronounced with a full vowel in contrast to un rebond /œ̃ ʁəbɔ̃/ → or [œ̃ʁ.bɔ̃] ('a bounce').[47]

語文競賽～字音字形  · Sdrseotnop5032gs00uih52a0aft08A73,461692u1a tl307cftttf7g4 f  · Shared with Public雙音字「載（ ㄗㄞˋ ）、（ ㄗㄞˇ ）」～林煥清 什麼是「雙音字」？ 簡單來說，就是一個國字有兩個注音。 例如，這次介紹的「載」就有「 ㄗㄞˋ 」和「 ㄗㄞˇ 」兩個注音。 換句話說，當一個詞語當中出現「載」這個國字時， 它不是要注「 ㄗㄞˋ 」的音，就是要注「 ㄗㄞˇ 」的音， 而且不可以混（ㄏㄨㄣˋ）淆。 雖然單音字很難，但遇到雙音字， 加上要判斷的因素，就會顯得更有難度。 壹、載讀作「 ㄗㄞˋ 」時，其意義有： (1) 以交通工具承運。如：「載客」、「載重」、「載貨」。 (2) 承受。如：「水所以載舟，亦所以覆舟。」 (3) 記錄。如：「記載」、「刊載」、「轉載」、「載明」。 (4) 充滿。如：「怨聲載道」。 (5) 且、又。同時做兩個動作。如：「載歌載舞」、「載浮載沉」。 貳、載讀作「 ㄗㄞˇ 」時，其意義有： ⑴量詞。用於計算時間的單位。相當於「年」。 如：「一年半載」、「三年五載」、「千載難逢」。 ※以上解釋，轉載（ㄗㄞˋ）於教育部國語小字典網路版。※ 看到「ㄗㄞˇ」的解釋有五個，而「ㄗㄞˋ」的解釋只有一個時， 我們可以選擇「偷懶」一點的方式來判斷： 只要是跟「時間」有關係的，都要讀成「ㄗㄞˇ」； 其餘的，都將它讀成「ㄗㄞˋ」， 這樣一來，就會變得簡單明瞭。 以下，我還是列舉一些詞語來讓大家練習： 載（ㄗㄞˋ）： 【報載】 【滿載】 【負載】 【搭載】 【登載】 【連載】 【刊載】 【記載】 【轉載】 【裝載】 【超載】 【載明】 【載貨】 【載重】 【載譽】 【載運】 【載客量】 【文以載道】 【怨聲載道】 【滿載而歸】 【車載斗量】 載（ㄗㄞˇ）： 【一年半載】 【千年萬載】 【十載寒窗】 【億載金城】 【萬載千秋】 記住這樣的判斷方式， 以後遇到三音字、四音字、…… 也可以用這樣的方式來舉一反三。

「念」、「唸」都可解釋為「誦讀」、「反覆述說」，所以我們常說的「念書」、「念經」、「碎碎念」皆可通用「唸」字。其實，古代文獻裡多用「念」字，後人由於用字習慣使然，加上部首偏旁，幫助強化字詞的意義，便自然沿用下來了。

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ë

oo

ó

é

e

u

ii

i

j

y

l

w

r

r

x

x

s

f

q

k

c

t

p

g

d

b

ŋ

ñ

ñ

n

m

builder

sale

to be the guest of a host

expression of pity

massage

otherwise

to be wide

money

red-fronted gazelle

westerner

sock

cleanse

sewing needle

hurt

life here below

answer to name

burn

hot pepper

give

arrive

tie

nothing

rice

clay

to miss each other

to open

to smell

neck

get up

wipe clean

not wanting to share

courage

house

lean against

day

examine

to go

question

last name

ŋ

à

your

loch

war

stamp

sign

rat

cough

park

onion

not

moon

land

cool

jazz

good

fire

dog

chat

boy

Consonant

to look at

heart

long vowels

Vowel

moon

book

door

phone

beau

hot

meet

beetle

bird

sane

big

where

bedroom

far

life

butter

phonemes

graphemes

Wolof pronunciation

Xun Kuang

name-pronunciation effect. And it’s exactly what you would expect. People with names you find easy to pronounce are viewed more favorably than those with names deemed difficult to pronounce, which can lead to pro-motions, votes, and more.

correctness in pronunciation. as in diction and usage. is not an absolute. Language standards arc the property of the ruling class; thus the diction, usage. and pronuncia• lion of the power centers of capital cities tend to be the standards for a national Ian· guagc.

He cautions against reading-pronunciation (e.g., pronouncing "often" with the "t")

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