10,000 Matching Annotations
  1. Sep 2025
    1. Someone would likely know what you mean by the question “Where’s the remote control?” But “The control remote where’s?” is likely to be unintelligible or at least confusing (Crystal, 2005).

      You can compare this to Yoda's speech pattern, literally out of order. "Do or do not. There is no try." or "The greatest teacher. Failure is." - Yoda

    2. Language is productive in the sense that there are an infinite number of utterances we can make by connecting existing words in new ways. In addition, there is no limit to a language’s vocabulary, as new words are coined daily. Of course, words aren’t the only things we need to communicate, and although verbal and nonverbal communication are closely related in terms of how we make meaning, nonverbal communication is not productive and limitless. Although we can only make a few hundred physical signs, we have about a million words in the English language. So with all this possibility, how does communication generate meaning?

      The English language is also a complicated one. It's very patchworked and built by different languages and also doesn't follow consistent rules like other languages do. sometimes I believe the only consistent rule of the english language is that it's inconsistent.

    3. encoding and decoding, that meaning is generated as sensory information is interpreted. The indirect and sometimes complicated relationship between language and meaning can lead to confusion, frustration, or even humor.

      With communication, sometimes the message I try to give is misinterpreted by the other person. There has been times where I say one word or phrase, and my friend will completely misunderstand and think that I just said something completely different. And it only gets harder over text, at least in person I can see then speak and ask more questions but in text there is even typos and that makes it even worse.

    4. For example, the word calculate comes from the Latin word calculus, which means “pebble.” But what does a pebble have to do with calculations? Pebbles were used, very long ago, to calculate things before we developed verbal or written numbering

      I like how this relates to tally marks too, how we use each line to represent one, then group them in five

    5. Definitions help us narrow the meaning of particular symbols, which also narrows a symbol’s possible referents. They also provide more words (symbols) for which we must determine a referent. If a concept is abstract and the words used to define it are also abstract, then a definition may be useless. Have you ever been caught in a verbal maze as you look up an unfamiliar word, only to find that the definition contains more unfamiliar words? Although this can be frustrating, definitions do serve a purpose.

      Slang is hard to describe sometimes if a person is unfamiliar with it, as well as if it's a word well known that people are so familiar with that we don't know how to define it because it's used so often to define things

  2. socialsci.libretexts.org socialsci.libretexts.org
    1. Self-determination refers to the social movements, legislation, and beliefs by which Native American tribes in the United States exercise self-governance and decision making on issues that affect their own people. Self-determination is an integral piece of sovereignty and the right of a people to decide upon its own form of government, without outside influence and relates to the freedom and free will of the people of a given area to determine their own political status and independence. Self-determination includes tribal self-governance and intellectual self-determination (Teves et al., 2015). When tribes institute their own court systems, have their own tribal police, develop their own K-12 tribal schools and/or tribal colleges, these are acts of self-determination and sovereignty.

      Summary: Self-determination is the right of people to govern their own communities without external control. Response: This concept is important to understand and know. It showcases the extension of allowing native communities to make choices for their own people. It makes it so that the decisions are based on their values and needs. connection: Tribal initiatives in law and health that work for self-governance for their own specific needs.

    2. Sovereignty is a political concept that refers to dominant power or supreme authority. In modern democracies, sovereign power rests with the people and is exercised through representative bodies such as Congress or Parliament. A sovereign tribe would exercise power without limitation and work on behalf of their people without external interference by the federal government.

      Summary: Recognizes the original and ongoing authority of native tribes to govern themselves. Response: It explains the central role that the sovereignty had on native people and their lives. It frames native tribes as distinct nations with rights to govern. It gives them the rights to the representation and regulation of their foundational government. Connection: Connects to present-day activism where tribes and native groups are trying to assert their sovereignty.

    1. Our creation stories root us here in our homelands in North America. These stories reveal our ties to everything here and provide evidence that attest to this as our homeland, our place of creation. Our stories are not fairytales. They teach us how to live in the world.

      Summary: Explains that creation stories and practical knowledge guide how to live, behave, and relate to the land. Response: Important as it showcases the framework of storytelling as a respected method of carrying historical and moral truths. It pushes against the colonial tendency, which is to forget or diminish the indigenous stories. The diminishment comes from its influence on science, but I think the stories showcase the history and survival truths. Connection: Connects to modern education reforms and how they serve as inclusion of Native history. It reflects the justice and education movements today.

    1. While other disciplines may "study" and teach about Native people, American Indian Studies (AIS) or Native American Studies (NAS) provides the voices, social struggles, contributions and lived experiences of Native people culturally, socially, economically, legally, politically, and academically. AIS/NAS actively promotes the sustained and thriving existence of Native peoples and sovereign tribal nations with an emphasis on agency and group-affirmation.

      Summary: Unlike other academic disciplines that study natives, AIS and NAS cater to the betterment of natives by learning their voices, experiences, and serving the interests of native communities. Response: I believe that this is very important for learners when coming into an area of study. It is important to be aware of the ethics and honesty of the thing you are studying. I really agree with how learning about certain communities, in this context, natives, you can only truly learn when you take the time to learn from the primary source. Connection: This idea connects to the discussion of representation and decolonizing education. It is taking the initiative to not stereotype other cultures or studies, but rather to understand and to approach them in a humane way with the hope of betterment and change.

    1. 5. Branched-chain substituent groups are given appropriate names by a simple extension of the system used for branched-chain hydrocarbons. The longest chain of the substituent is numbered starting with the carbon attached directly to the parent hydrocarbon chain. Parentheses are used to separate the numbering of the substituent and of the main hydrocarbon chain:

      Finished here will continue tomorrow.

      1. The Cornell system is a lot more organized than the list method of taking notes.
      2. Benefits: typing is faster and easier than writing to many people. Problems: Taking notes by hand is proven to be more effective for the memory, and you can be tempted to take notes of everything the professor says because you can keep up with what they are saying.
      3. Ask to see another classmate's notes and make them your own (do not copy them as your classmate wrote them), ask the professor what you missed in class that day, and if the professor records their lecture, listen to it.
    1. The Cornell method is designed to help students with memory and organization. If I were to pair this with my method of taking notes (The outline method), I would probably be more organized in how I take my notes.

    1. __________________________________________________________________

      add the important material on the board to get everyone's attention or repeat what the important material they need.

    1. I usually use the word bro when I am talking with my friends because they use it too. Manuscript, scribe, and scribble all have something to do with writing things down. They all have scri in each word. Write.

    1. Preparing, reading, capturing key ideas, and reviewing. It would probably help to better prepare to read the assignment. The most common distractions for me are the urge to want to look ahead to see how many pages I have left in the chapter. The library, my room, my desk, and my boyfriend's room. The library is probably the best place to read.

    1. Over the years, scientists have proposed various theories about why humans cooperate so well that we form strong societies. The evolutionary roots of our general niceness, most researchers now believe, can be found in the individual survival advantage humans experience when we cooperate as a group. I’ve come to New Haven, Connecticut, in a snowy February, to visit a cluster of labs where researchers are using experiments to explore further our extraordinary impulse to be nice to others even at our own expense.

      expanding altruism is very possible, and it involves being altruistic. in other words, altruism is what brings people to do more of it.

    2. we seem to be reverting to tribalism and conflict, and belief in the potential of the internet to bring humanity together in a glorious collaborating network now begins to seem naive.

      Tribalism is much worse online than in real life, because in real life, while you may like or support a controversial celebrity, you still work in the same building or live in the same neighborhood as the people you are arguing, anonymity makes tribalism much worse and a different expereince.

    3. But this has a consequence of favouring divisive and strongly emotive or extreme content, which can in turn nurture online “bubbles” of groups who reflect and reinforce each other’s opinions, helping propel the spread of more extreme content and providing a niche for “fake news”.

      This has become both less common, and much worse in recent years. If you are in a bubble, it is all you will possibly see or think, while the amount of people in bubbles has decreased, as algorithms have slightly changed to be more effective at spreading out. this is slightly incorrect.

    4. A survey last year found that 40 percent of American adults had personally experienced online abuse, with almost half of them receiving severe forms of harassment, including physical threats and stalking.

      Stalking would indicate that people are indeed acting on these, which also means that the problem cannot be ignored.

    5. On the evening of 17 February 2018, Professor Mary Beard posted on Twitter a photograph of herself crying.

      Sudden Start, indicating urgency in the tone, as well as a good hook.

    1. London dispersion forces, in all the molecules, including the nonpolar molecules. The electron cloud around atoms is not all the time symmetrical around the nuclei. It temporarily sways to one side or the other, generating a transient dipole. The transient dipole induces a dipole in the neighboring. A transient dipole-induced dipole interaction, called London dispersion force or wander Wall’s force, is established between the neighboring molecules

      read this

    2. When the electronegativity difference between bonded atoms is moderate to zero, i.e., usually less than 1.9, the bonding electrons are shared

      they remain the middle because the sides/atoms of the compound/molecule are continually having a tug of war. (Because one side isn't the very strongest/most electronegative, like in polar molecules)

    3. electronegativity difference between bonded atoms is large, i.e., more than 1.9 in most cases, the bonding electrons completely transfer from a more electropositive atom to a more electronegative atom creating a cation and an anion,

      When do electrons switch from one atom to another?

    4. When the electronegativity difference between bonded atoms is moderate to zero, i.e., usually less than 1.9, the bonding electrons are shared

      they remain the middle because the sides/atoms of the compound/molecule are continually having a tug of war. (Because one side isn't the very strongest/most electronegative, like in polar molecules)

    1. What kinds of things does O*Net tell you about a career? __

      This site really helps with everything that I want to do regarding becoming a nurse. Tasks, training, education, wages, etc.

    2. Identify the primary types of work and which you are best suited for.

      I think I’m best suited for a social type of job. I’m pretty outgoing and love to hear from everyone. I can pretty much talk to anyone and I love to make differences in peoples lives.

    3. Define the difference between a job and a career.

      A job is usually short term and typically doesn’t need experience. A career is long term and whatever you want to do.

    4. Visit O*Net (http://online.onetcenter.org/find) and look up one of the careers you may be considering. What kinds of things does O*Net tell you about a career? ________________________________________________________________ /*<![CDATA[*/#mt-toc-container {display: none !important;}/*]]>*//*<![CDATA[*/ $(function() { if(!window['autoDefinitionList']){ window['autoDefinitionList'] = true; $('dl').find('dt').on('click', function() { $(this).next().toggle('350'); }); } });/*]]>*/ /*<![CDATA[*/window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () { $('iframe').on('load', function () { $(this).iFrameResize({ warningTimeout: 0, scrolling: 'omit' }); }) })/*]]>*/ /*<![CDATA[*/ var front = "auto"; if(front=="auto"){ front = "12.2: Career Exploration"; if(front.includes(":")){ front = front.split(":")[0]; if(front.includes(".")){ front = front.split("."); front = front.map((int)=>int.includes("0")?parseInt(int,10):int).join("."); } front+="."; } else { front = ""; } } front = front.replace(/_/g," "); MathJaxConfig = { TeX: { equationNumbers: { autoNumber: "all", formatNumber: function (n) { if(false){ return front + (Number(n)+false); } else{return front + n; } } }, macros: { PageIndex: ["{"+front+" #1}",1], test: ["{"+front+" #1}",1] }, Macros: { PageIndex: ["{"+front+" #1}",1], test: ["{"+front+" #1}",1] }, SVG: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } } } }; MathJax.Hub.Config(MathJaxConfig); MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("End", ()=>{if(activateBeeLine)activateBeeLine()}); /*]]>*/

      O*Net explains the training I have to do to become a hairsylist

    5. Define the difference between a job and a career.

      The difference between a job and a career is a job is work for you to earn money and a career is a long term path.

    1. We can look at various school of acting, how the technique is taught and applied from different perspectives. And we can look at how acting for cinema presents its own unique challenges, as well as a few advantages.

      i feel like there are a lot more disadvantages in the acting world they have to recreate shots and deal with background noises actress also have to get into different looks each day this can be very exhausting.

    2. . A motion picture is a collaboration, the result of a thousand moving parts built and maintained by a thousand different artist and technicians all applying the tools and techniques that have taken a century to evolve into the cinematic language we all share, as filmmakers and audiences. And will likely keep on evolving, changing and adapting for centuries to come.

      throughout this i have learned that there is so much that goes into a film from the shot to the sounds to the makeup and moving pictures. I now believe that this is a harder job then it looks once the finished products comes out.

    3. But when the cameras stop rolling and the sets are dismantled, the actor’s job is done. And it’s the editor that must sift through those 99 takes of that one scene and make some sense of it.

      this tells me that after taking multiples shots for one scene the editor must pick the best one to edit and put into the film this takes a lot of work and time.

    4. When an actor doesn’t trust their director, the results can be disastrous. But when they do, they can take risks and make choices in the moment that add up to something greater than any one individual performance.

      i feel like everyone should have a good relationship on set if not this can create conflict and bad acting overall.

    5. The director, Jonathan Glazer, chose to shoot the scene as one long take, starting in a wide shot that moves into a close-up. There is no dialogue. Just two solid minutes on Kidman’s face as she processes this impossible news:

      this allows the audience to connect with the actors emotions i've seen many shots like this before where they just show there face and you can read their emotions without words.

    6. The camera is the audience, that’s who they’re playing to. And unlike theater, where your intimacy with the actors is dictated by how much you were willing to pay – the rich folks get front row center and the rest of us end up in the balcony staring at the top of the actors’ heads – in cinema our intimacy with the actors is dictated by how close the camera can get.

      this makes sense because in the cinema they are not looking at the camera but instead the audience i feel like this is different type so acting.

    7. new motion capture technology enables productions to not only transform the setting, but also the actors own body. Check out what Benedict Cumberbatch had to go through to play Smaug, a talking dragon in The Hobbit trilogy:

      this is so interesting ot look at he had all these white dots on his face that later can be edited into a dragon.

    8. The influence of new technology on an actor’s job has never really slowed down. Sometimes it has made the actor’s job easier, such as smaller microphones and wireless technology, and sometimes it has made it a lot more complicated.

      i never knew they had wireless technology but this makes sense when you are doing scendr in the air or underwater.

    9. These issues have all been part of cinema and the challenges of production for actors from the very beginning. After all, cinema relies as much on technology as it does on art, so it should be no surprise (especially if you’ve read this far) that the process is incredibly complex with many moving parts. And each new innovation in the technology of cinema has required a certain amount of adaptation, both for the crew and for the cast

      technology plays a huge role in films it creates the shots the sound and special effect but so do the actors and producers.

    10. he scene must be performed and shot over and over again until everyone is happy. A single 5-minute scene in a finished film may have taken hours if not days to complete with the actors repeating the scene dozens if not 100s of times, over and over, bringing the same intensity and emotional vulnerability every single time.

      this is the hardest part of acting i don;t think i could reshoot the same scenes over 100 times for hours i would lose my mind.

    11. And if shooting out of sequence weren’t bad enough, think about the near constant interruptions between each shot. On stage, once the curtain goes up, the actors are on their own, carrying the story through to the end with no interruptions except maybe an intermission (or a noisy cell phone). In cinema, each shot is a complex, collaborative choreography of set design, lighting, sound recording and cinematography.

      this is true not only is there cell phones going off but there is always traffic and things going on outside that could easily affect the shot.

    12. allowing their journey as a character to play out in real time. In cinema, actors bounce around the script playing bits and pieces of that journey, hoping the editor can find something consistent to cut together in the end.

      i never knew that actors bounce around the scrips you would never even know by the finished film products this is new information to me.

    13. he most immediate impact this time crunch has on actors is an extremely limited time for rehearsals. In live theater, actors might have 4 to 6 weeks to rehearse their roles. In cinema, they’re lucky if they get a day or two. Often that means “rehearsals” are really just the first few takes of every shot, working out how to deliver the lines, how to move in the space (known as blocking), how to play off the other actors.

      this is crazy that many actors don't have time to rehearse there lines i feel like i would forget my lines if i only had 4 to 6 weeks in school iuse to have a month to rehearse my song lyrics in choir.

    14. But that’s just one of the ways acting for cinema presents its own unique set of challenges for actors. The basic realities of production are an endless series of obstacles actors have to overcome to give a consistent, believably human performance.

      sleep, stress, and time are all huge factors that can challenge actors this makes me realize how hard of a job it is to be an actor.

    15. Shouldn’t all actors be “character” actors? Still, unburdened by fame, character actors can truly lose themselves in a role, bringing authenticity to the narrative by supporting the “star” at its center.

      i think actors can lose there minds and morals playing some oles for example the joker was a amazing actor and he committed suicide right before he won a grammy for best acting.

    16. from the character they are playing on screen? Sometimes that means evaluating a performance not on its own merits, but by just how much we forget who they are in real life.

      this is valid sometimes i forget that actors are playing characters and they don't actually act that way in real life.

    17. . How many of you rushed to see Shutter Island (2010) because of Teddy Daniels? Or The Revenant (2015) because of Hugh Glass? Once Upon a Time… in Hollywood (2019) because of Rick Dalton? Chances are you saw those films because Leonardo DiCaprio played each of those character

      this was a really good movie shutter island showed the scary side of true emotions that can control other minds i can connect this to classical school acting that focusing on emotional acting.

    18. If you’ve learned anything about cinema in these chapters so far, hopefully it’s that cinema requires dozens if not hundreds of professionals all working together to create the finished product. Production designers, sound technicians, editors, screenwriters, not to mention grips, gaffers, caterers, hair stylists, make-up artists, carpenters, truck drivers, the list goes on and on

      i never knew this much went inot a film I always knew there were credits at the end of a movie but i never paid attention to them but this takes a lot of work and time to create all the special effects and sounds for a movie.

    19. For one thing, as an instrument of mass media, cinema is wildly more accessible than live theater. And that means the profession will invariable intersect with popular culture in a much more obvious way, blurring the line between becoming a character and simply becoming a celebrity

      this makes sense now days everything is just on the TV but live theater performances allows the audience to interact with cinemo more effectively.

    20. The Meisner Technique employs the same commitment to naturalism, but adds a new emphasis on being in the moment, acting and reacting instead of thinking. (In that sense, the Meisner Technique is a hybrid between the Classical School and the Method.)

      this is a new method i've learned the meisner technique tells me actors embody naturalism instead of thinking i never knew this.

    21. For one scene, Hoffman’s character hadn’t slept for three days. So, true to the Stanislavski method, Hoffman stayed up three nights in a row so he could really feel what it was like to be sleep deprived. When he bragged about this achievement to Olivier on set, Olivier smiled and said, “Why don’t you just try acting?”

      this is wild to me that he didn't sleep for 3 days this can put someone into psychosis or huge sleep deprivation. I could not function if this was me.

    22. It was all in service of his pursuit of an emotional truth, an embodiment of character, that relied less and less on the actual words on the page and more and more on a commitment to naturalism. By the time of his death in 2004, the New York Times wrote, “Simply put, in film acting, there is before Brando, and there is after Brando. And they are like different worlds.”

      this tells me that his acting in films embodied emotions and i have seen the apocalypse now and there emotions are very captured throughout the film.

    23. He would go on to run the Actors Studio in the 1950s, working with the first crop of Stanislavski Method actors and directors to break into Hollywood. They included directors like Elia Kazan, as well as actors like Geraldine Page, Joanne Woodward, James Dean, Paul Newman and Marlon Brando.

      i know some of these actors and they are very good i never knew that they were taught on this method of stanislavski's ideas.

    24. In contrast to the Classical School of acting, the Stanislavski Method, or Method Acting as it is commonly known, is emotionally oriented, committed to an emotional realism, sometimes at the expense of whatever might be in the script.

      this tells me that classical school is more the emotional side of acting and realism,

    25. We most often associate classical acting with Shakespeare, and the long tradition of treating the playwright’s text as something sacred and unchangeable. That same reverence is brought to the cinema with this technique.

      i never knew that there was classical schools but it makes sense to connect this with shakespeare.

    26. The evolution of performance in cinema hit an inflection point around the time the Golden Age gave way to the New Hollywood in the 1960s. The young, energetic actors, writers and directors who took over cinema in the United States, at least until the blockbusters of JAWS (1975) and Star Wars

      I believe this because during the golden ages everything was booming and money was being spent like crazy.

    1. Life in college usually differs in many ways from one’s previous life in high school or in the workforce. What are the biggest changes you are experiencing now or anticipate experiencing this term?

      My biggest change is probably how quick things are going to move as well as a new sense of independency.

    2. What do you value that will you likely have less time or money to spend on while in college?

      I value my free time to do the thing I like and spend time with my loved ones.

    3. Are you confident you will be able to overcome any possible difficulties in completing college?

      I am confident that I am determined enough to overcome the difficulties.

    4. What do you anticipate will be the most difficult part of completing college?

      The most difficult part will probably be the number of classes i need to take

    1. but they do not rank different schemes of socialization as good or bad; they study practices of socialization to determine why people behave the way that they do

      There is no labeling of good vs. bad, just culture vs.culture '

    1. What’s really interesting is that life tables can show which stage of life matters most for a species. For the loggerhead turtles, people first tried protecting eggs and babies, but the life table showed saving adults was more helpful for the whole population. It’s cool because it proves that sometimes keeping older animals alive is more important than focusing only on the young ones.

    1. land speculator

      A land speculator is an investor who purchases vacant or undeveloped land with the primary goal of reselling it for a profit after its value has increased. Spain gave Austin land to sell to immigrants, mostly Anglo Americans.

    2. Royalist forces

      Royalists did not support Mexico's independence. They did not want the Monarchy to be eliminated. Republican forces wanted Mexico to be independent and the elimination of a monarchy.

    3. Constitutional rule came to the area that would become Texas in 1812 during the Napoleonic Wars

      Napoleon removed Ferdinand from office suddenly and forcefully. He made a government where a monarch was the head, however they were limited by a constitution and democratically elected government.

    1. Thus functionalism emphasizes the importance of social institutions such as the family, religion, and education for producing a stable society.

      I feel that we do live in a functionalist society. The values are family instills in us is what help with what we contribute to society.

    2. When we hear about these individuals, it is easy to think that their problems are theirs alone, and that they and other individuals with the same problems are entirely to blame for their difficulties.

      This is important because I have noticed some individuals blame people for their problems. It’s important to realize that they have these issues because of the social atmosphere they have in and other factors in their life’s. Thus, they are not at fault for the circumstance they are in.

    1. influences our realities, but even people who speak the same language experience cultural differences because of their various intersecting cultural identities and personal experiences. We have a tendency to view our language as a whole more favorably than other languages.

      I see a lot of people who have strong biases towards their own language and cultures. When you understand something and have grow up with it your entire life, you are much more bias to that unlike something that is different. I know since I only know English, I get flustered when others speak in different languages because I cannot understand them.

    1. The level of clarity with which we speak varies depending on whom we talk to, the situation we’re in, and our own intentions and motives. We sometimes make a deliberate effort to speak as clearly as possible.

      This is true. When I speak to my friends casually I tend to not annunciate my words as well. But when I am speaking to new people or trying to get an important message across, I will speak much more clearly hoping that they understand what I am saying. If I want something, I tend to speak differently to try and higher my chances or actually obtaining it.

    1. Expressing feelings can be uncomfortable for those listening. Some people are generally not good at or comfortable with receiving and processing other people’s feelings. Even those with good empathetic listening skills can be positively or negatively affected by others’ emotions.

      My dad is a very empathetic person, so talking to him about certain things is sometimes very difficult. If I am ever upset, he will instantly take on my role of sadness because he doesn't like it when I am sad. Or sometimes if I should feelings of sadness and he just wants to fix the issues, he gets grumpy.

    1. The news media overdramatize violent crime, which is far less common than property crime like burglary and larceny, by featuring so many stories about it, and this coverage contributes to public fear of crime.

      We see this a lot in the Bay Area. This is also true with the way the media shows us when a cop makes a mistake but leave important parts of an investigation out.

    2. some do not receive this consideration and thus do not become a social problem;

      I think this is specially a problem with minority groups. Certain social groups, like politicians do not recognize minority problems as social problems, and there is constantly a fight to get our issues addressed.

    3. generally

      I think this is an important part of the definition. It is important to note that what some social groups might consider a social problem is not always be recognized as a problem by others.

    1. Slavery, of course, continued in the United States until the North’s victory in the Civil War ended it. African Americans outside the South were not slaves but were still victims of racial prejudice.

      Even after the Civil War put a stop to slavery, African Americans were still slandered, stereotyped, and attacked. The saying "The more things change, the more they stay the same" applies to this.

    2. white mobs attacked African Americans in several cities, with at least seven antiblack riots occurring in 1919 that left dozens dead.

      During the 19th century mob violence that occurred in US cities, prominently white mobs would attack and target African Americans due to their skin color being "something less than human"

    1. hus, people can literally eat “on the run.” Indeed, freezer, stovetop, and microwave technology have revolutionized the way people can cook, eat, and live.

      Transition

    1. Social networking refers to systems that allow members of a specific site to learn about other members’ skills, talents, knowledge, or preferences. Companies use these systems internally to help identify experts

      Think of things like LinkedIn or enterprise social networks like teams or slack

    1. The tenacity of the strikers inspired students at the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) to form their own Third World Liberation Front in January 1969, who began a separate strike for Ethnic Studies at UCB (Delgado, 2016).

      This is nice to learn about. It’s not often that I see student activism actually making big swooping motions in the way that our country works, but it’s inspiring when it does. It’s very easy to feel discouraged when seeing other people advocate for important causes and seeing nothing done even with so many voices behind it, so it’s nice to see when it actually does make a difference.

    2. In the end, the strikers won nearly all of their demands, including the creation of a Black Studies Department, the funding of 11.3 new full-time equivalent faculty positions, a new Associate Director of Financial Aid, the creation of an Economic Opportunity Program (EOP) with 108 students admitted for Spring 1969 in this program, as well as 500 seats committed for non-white students in the Fall of 1969 with 400 additional slots for EOP students, and a commitment to creating the School of Ethnic Studies (Rojas, 2010). The School of Ethnic Studies later became San Francisco State University’s College of Ethnic Studies, which includes Africana Studies, American Indian Studies, Asian American Studies, Latina/Latino Studies, and Race and Resistance Studies. The strikers’ unmet demands included that Dr. Nathan Hare and George Murray were both denied faculty employment in the newly formed Black Studies program. Despite these losses, to this day, the strike remains the longest student strike in U.S. history and is a testament to the power of student mobilization (Delgado, 2016; Maeda, 2012; Rojas, 2010).

      the strike was a success!!

    3. student leaders from the BSU and Third World Liberation Front (TWLF) started a strike. The TWLF was a multi-ethnic coalition of students that were awoken to the fact that they were being taught in ways that were dominating and irrelevant to themselves (Maeda, 2012), and included a coalition of the Black Student Union (BSU), Latin American Student Organization (LASO), Intercollegiate Chinese for Social Action (ICSA), Mexican American Student Confederation, Philippine (now Pilipino) American Collegiate Endeavor (PACE), La Raza, Native American Students Union, and Asian American Political Alliance. These movements built on intergenerational traditions of protest and advocacy that informed the emergent groups that formed, established, and nurtured Ethnic Studies (Delgado, 2016).

      This passage is very important because it shows how no matter what ethnicity, background, cultural, etc. when we come together, we can make huge movements with a positive effect.

    1. The introduction of colonial educational and epistemological frameworks led to the attempted erasure and genocide of Indigenous lifeways. Building on centuries of colonization, in 1869, the U.S. government and Christian churches began systematically kidnapping Native American children and trafficking students into government and church-run Boarding Schools, which were designed to forcefully strip students of their Native American heritage and impose the use of English, Christian religious customs, and colonized modes of dress.

      While this almost comes off as comically evil with modern context, it’s also very reassuring to know that we’ve at least finally come far enough as a people to attempt to start fixing the way that history is taught. It was nice seeing the broader discussion of Columbus and how it’s important for us to not exactly celebrate what he did and instead remeber those who were wronged.

    1. It emerged out of struggles and the long histories of communities of color and Indigenous peoples who value education for its potential to transform lives, inspire change, raise awareness, and disrupt systems of power and exploitation.

      This makes me wonder how this worked legally. Or really how any class emerges as a legally required field. I never really stopped to consider that before.

    2. It emerged out of struggles and the long histories of communities of color and Indigenous peoples who value education for its potential to transform lives, inspire change, raise awareness, and disrupt systems of power and exploitation

      I never knew the history of Ethnic Studies or what motivated the people to develop it. Now after reading it I am inspired.

    1. Remember that the reduction in quantity supplied is a movement along the supply curve—the curve itself does not shift in response to a reduction in price. Similarly, the increase in quantity demanded is a movement along the demand curve—the demand curve does not shift in response to a reduction in price

      this things move along the curve because they are already on the X/Y axis, other factors are not

    2. More generally, a surplus is the amount by which the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded at the current price.

      company overproducing, the price exceeds the equilibrium price (the price they should be asking for) ex. they produce 35 million and $8, but buyers consume 15 million at that price surplus = 20 million lbs

    1. Which of the following are examples of unchecked IOException IndexOutOfBoundsException NullPointerException ClassNotFoundException NumberFormatException

      The following are unchecked exceptions: IndexOutOfBoundsException NullPointerException NumberFormatException

      The remaining two are checked exceptions.

    1. Mike Bunn’s Writing Spaces chapter “How to Read Like a Writer” introduces students to the concept that texts are the product of writers’ choices and can be studied as models for students’ own writing; its inclusion of questions students can apply to texts they read helps students learn how to read rhetorically

      I am definitely most intrigued by this section because he is teaching the students how to read rhetorically. This stood out to me the most because I agree that this is how kids should be learning to read as they will need to use this type of reading in the future.

    2. The emphasis on content-based readings that resemble literary analysis is a product of instructors’ own familiarity with literary analysis, as those teaching writing are often former English majors who tend to be more well-versed in literary critiques (in which the emphasis is on what is written in a fictional text) than in rhetorical analysis (in which the emphasis is on the choices the writer made in attempting to achieve a particular purpose and how those choices influence the ways various audiences respond to the text).

      The lack of context in the tests will affect the students because they are not having to critically think. All of the tests they are having to read are not real situations or have a real purpose, this means that they are not gonna learn how to read in a critical way.

    3. As teachers understandably grew fearful about losing their jobs because of low test scores, they devoted class time to preparing students for the tests rather than developing practices that would have helped students improve as readers and writers. Standardized tests often rely on multiple-choice responses that neither allow for complexity of thought nor invite students to draw connections between the text under consideration and their own experiences.

      To me this definitely sticks with me. throughout all of high school and middle school I have struggled with reading. Being able to read is way more important than getting a 36 on the ACT. You use reading in your everyday unlike the standardized test questions.

    1. the passing there Had worn them really about the same,

      Both of the paths he is to choose look the same. He looks down both paths to try and see if one would persuade his choice more but, they are both just as "worn".

    2. I shall be telling this with a sigh

      The sigh could be interpreted in different ways. He could be sighing in regret of his decision. Maybe he is sighing because he is just relieved with his choice, or maybe it is a sigh of the belief that there is hope in the choice he made.

    1. Because an equilibrium state is achieved when the forward reaction rate equals the reverse reaction rate, under a given set of conditions there must be a relationship between the composition of the system at equilibrium and the kinetics of a reaction (represented by rate constants). We can show this relationship using the decomposition reaction of N2O4N2O4\ce{N_2O_4} to NO2NO2\ce{NO2}. Both the forward and reverse reactions for this system consist of a single elementary reaction, so the reaction rates are as follows:

      does this mean the relationship between the forward reaction and reverse are directly related to the k constants? or do we need to find the k constant first?

    1. The rate of dimerization of NO2NO2\ce{NO_2} (reverse reaction) decreases rapidly with time, as expected for a second-order reaction. Because the initial concentration of N2O4N2O4\ce{N_2O_4} is zero, the rate of the dissociation reaction (forward reaction) at t=0t=0t = 0 is also zero. As the dimerization reaction proceeds, the N2O4N2O4\ce{N_2O_4} concentration increases, and its rate of dissociation also increases. Eventually the rates of the two reactions are equal: chemical equilibrium has been reached, and the concentrations of N2O4N2O4\ce{N_2O_4} and NO2NO2\ce{NO_2} no longer change.

      I'm having a hard time understanding what this means. I thought being on equilibrium meant that both reaction had the same reaction rate regardless is the reaction was forward or backwards. so my question is will the reverse reaction will always be faster than the forward and if so how are these equation at equilibrium when they are happening at different rates. does equilibrium has to be at a particular time or position?