- Mar 2016
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Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs): Transgenic Crops and Recombinant DNA Technology
Phillips, T. (2008) Genetically modified organisms (GMOs): Transgenic crops and recombinant DNA technology. Nature Education 1(1):213
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Theresa Phillips, Ph.D
Doctor Philips has a wealth of knowledge in this field. Her sources for this article are also from respected publishers and authors. This all adds to her credibility for this topic and article.
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Faster maturation
At this point does genetic modification become inhumane? Other documentaries point out inhumane living conditions of animals, how would this play a role in that?
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Unfortunately, seeds containing genes for recombinant proteins can cause unintentional spread of recombinant genes or exposure of non-target organisms to new toxic compounds in the environment.
Philips is identifying the risks associated with GMOs, without "bashing" them, it shows that she is seeing the topic from a unbiased perspective.
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Then, in 1986, a publication by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), called "Recombinant DNA Safety Considerations," became the first intergovernmental document to address issues surrounding the use of GMOs. This document recommended that risk assessments be performed on a case-by-case basis. Since then, the case-by-case approach to risk assessment for genetically modified products has been widely accepted; however, the U.S. has generally taken a product-based approach to assessment, whereas the European approach is more process based (Devos et al., 2007). Although in the past, thorough regulation was lacking in many countries, governments worldwide are now meeting the demands of the public and implementing stricter testing and labeling requirements for genetically modified crops.
This sort of address the question I had about widespread adoption of GMOs. Since there are so many different takes on the positives and negatives surrounding GMOs, we would need something to try and educate people about them.
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Increased Research and Improved Safety Go Hand in Hand
Philips is saying that with proper research and diligence that the use of GMOs can be safely commercialized. This doesn't seem too bias, because she doesn't immediately say GMOs are going to be a big success or failure.
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History of International Regulations for GMO Research and Development
Would the history and the perception of GMOs effect its widespread adoption in the future? Or are the use of GMOs just so necessary, the benefits outweigh the consequences?
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Risks and Controversies Surrounding the Use of GMOs
This is a good way to show the downsides of the GMOs, but do the positives outweigh the negatives? The author is both showing the positives and negatives of the use of GMOs.
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Vitamin enrichment
The introduction of "Golden Rice" has the advantage of having a high amount of Vitamin A in it that normal rice, why wouldn't more people want to eat it?
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This is a good question to pose, if people already get injected with a low dose of a disease, what is the problem with genetic modification? Also it is a good way to get the reader engaged, because of the great question it poses.
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www.sciencemag.org www.sciencemag.org
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The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) removed federal protections for the wolves (Canis lupus) in 2012. The agency concluded that the canids had fully recovered from near-extinction
I do believe, to a certain extent, that wolves do not need as much protection as they once had. Wolf conservation programs and organizations have done so much over the past decades to ensure their survival. However, that does not mean I am trustful of states to be able to properly and legally regulate appropriate wolf hunting.
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FWS spokesman Gavin Shire disagreed, saying that the “science clearly shows that wolves are recovered in the Great Lakes Region, and we believe the Great Lakes states have clearly demonstrated their ability to effectively manage their wolf populations.”
Morell gives the reader(s) many facts and quotes from reliable sources to let them think of their own opinions themselves. Without giving any bias, Morell's credibility skyrockets, in my book, because she doesn't give any "hints" or suggestions to the reader(s) to either side.
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Howell agreed, finding that FWS had incorrectly interpreted the ESA by not assessing the species as a whole. The agency’s delisting decision was “fatally flawed,” she wrote, because it was tied to “a scientific finding that turned out to be, at best, premature, or, at worst, erroneous.”
A quote directly states how the removal of wolves could be detrimental to the survival of the species as a whole.
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At the time of the wolves’ delisting, federal wildlife biologists estimated the animals’ population in the region at 4400. That number dropped to 3748 this year as a result of hunting and trapping, and state plans called for an even greater decline. For instance, Wisconsin’s Department of Natural Resources was aiming for a statewide wolf population of just 350 animals (from a high of 800).
Morell is giving logos and ethos. I am still not sure of her claim. Her article doesn't seem to have one. She gives no clues on whether or not she supports wolves or not. She is just stating facts.
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By Virginia Morell
Morrell is very nonbiased in this article. Throughout the paper, she gives no hints on whether she is biased or not. From her previous articles however, you see a trend of all her works being about animals.
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Judge returns Great Lakes wolves to endangered species list
Author gives first hint to the argument, though the claim is not too clear. Though the title is very open and non-bias.
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Gray wolves in the western Great Lakes region are once again protected by the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), following a federal court ruling. The decision ends wolf hunting and trapping in Minnesota and Wisconsin. In Michigan, which does not allow wolf hunting, voters recently rejected an effort to establish a wolf season.
This shows Morell's argument of the back-and-forth war of wolf conservation.
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© 2016 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights Reserved. AAAS is a partner of HINARI, AGORA, OARE, PatientInform, CHORUS, CLOCKSS, CrossRef and COUNTER.
Recent updates and publications. The credibility and reliability of the site is a scholarly source.
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Judge returns Great Lakes wolves to endangered species list
Morell, Virginia. "Judge Returns Great Lakes Wolves to Endangered Species List." Science, AAAS. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 22 Dec. 2014. Web. 06 Mar. 2016.
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Overall there isn’t much evidence to support the plethora of claims about the healing properties of the horns. In 1990, researchers at Chinese University in Hong Kong found that large doses of rhino horn extract could slightly lower fever in rats (as could extracts from Saiga antelope and water buffalo horn), but the concentration of horn given by a traditional Chinese medicine specialist are many many times lower than used in those experiments. In short, says Amin, you’d do just as well chewing on your fingernails.
This is a very good conclusion for this article. It give science backed facts that support the idea of Rhino horn use in medicine, but explains it is not relevant or practical, even if its true.
The last sentence ends it with the perfect amount of tone and truth. Chewing on you fingernails would be the same dose and affect of being prescribed Rhino horn.
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Rhino Horn Use: Fact vs. Fiction
"Rhino Horn Use: Fact vs. Fiction" PBS. August 20 2010. Web. March 5 2016. <www.pbs.org>
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Local file Local file
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The finding of an association between ZIKV infection and hydrops fetalis suggests that thevirus may cause damage to tissues in addition to the fetal central nervous system.
The authors claim that Zika virus leads to not only microcephaly, but also Hydrops fetalis which occurs when abnormal amounts of fluid build up in two or more body areas of a fetus or newborn.
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Given that large numbers of pregnant women in the region havebeen or will be exposed to this strain, systematic investigation of spontaneous abortions andstillbirths may be warranted to evaluate the risk that ZIKV infection imparts on theseoutcomes.
The authors are forecasting that Zika virus will bring about large numbers of abortions and stillbirths in infected pregnant women across the Americas and Caribbean. The authors stand neuter about the abortion issue.
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We cannot extrapolate from this single case the overall risk for developing hydrops fetalisand fetal demise among pregnant women exposed to the virus.
The authors acknowledge their research have a problem which is difficult to generalize from a single example. The purpose of the investigation aims at raising public awareness about the risk of Zika virus to fetal.
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The first indication of an abnormal pregnancy was theultrasound finding of intrauterine growth retardation in the 18thgestational week.
This sentence indicates that abnormal fetus infected Zika virus can identify after 18 weeks gestation. Abortion at this point in a pregnancy is rare and hard to come by. Therefore, it makes more difficult to have abortion.
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Since the majority (73%) of ZIKV infections are asymptomatic [10], it is likely that expo-sures in pregnant women, such as in the case of our patient, often go unnoticed.
That is why Zika virus is dangerous to pregnant women because they are hard to notice whether they are infected or not.
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Furthermore, it serves as an alert to cli-nicians that in addition to central nervous system and ophthalmological manifestations [6,7,9],congenital ZIKV infection may cause hydrops fetalis and fetal demise.
In its final analysis, the authors state a hypothesis that Zika virus could lead to hydrops fetalis and fetal demise by using a research.
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This case report of a fetus provides additional evidencefor the link between ZIKV infection and microcephaly.
This is the major core content in the Scholarly Journal that finds the connection between Zika and microcephaly based on a case study from a Brazil Woman. While reading article, the audience can easily find difference between Popular Articles and Scholarly article. It is written by researchers and scholars from various medical institution, generally uses scholarly language such as ZIKV(zika virus), Hydrops, and Hydranencephaly. Also, it includes full citations on the bottom of article. Therefore, it is more difficult to appeal to the general public than Popular Article, but it includes accurate evidences which are actual ultrasound views and gives an exact definition about Zika virus by developing logos.
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While conducting an outbreak investigation in Salvador, Brazil, we identified a patient whowas referred to Hospital Geral Roberto Santos with an abnormal fetal ultrasound examinationand followed during outpatient evaluations.
The authors attached four abnormal fetal ultrasound views in the article, so it gain credibility from the audience by using the viewable evidences. Also, it can help the audience better understand their main hypothesis.
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A large increase in the number ofnewborns with microcephaly was subsequently identified in Brazil in November 2015. At pres-ent, more than 4,500 microcephaly cases have been reported [4].
Zika virus have been reported with the increase in microcephaly more than 4,500 cases. Therefore, it is highly possible with the connection between Zika and microcephaly.
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The current outbreak of microcephaly has raised speculations that Zika virus (ZIKV) causes acongenital syndrome. ZIKV, a mosquito-borne flavivirus, was detected in Brazil in early 2015[1,2] and has rapidly spread throughout the Americas [3].
The authors emphasize that Zika virus is not only problem of Brazil, but also entire Americas.
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The case report provides evidence that in addition to microcephaly,there may be a link between Zika virus infection and hydrops fetalis and fetal demise.
The authors suggest their theory and point out that Zika virus is a devastating disease to fetus because it can lead to fetal demise.
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The rapid spread of Zika virus in the Americas and current outbreak of microcephaly in Bra-zil has raised attention to the possible deleterious effects that the virus may have onfetuses.
This is background of the scholarly journal that Zika virus and microcephaly would have some connection.
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This case report provides evidence that in addition to microcephaly, there may be a linkbetween Zika virus infection and hydrops fetalis and fetal demise.
The authors report a case of a 20-year-old woman who was referred to their service after Zika virus outbreak. An induced labor was performed at the 32 weeks due to fetal demise. The authors formulate a hypothesis that Zika virus infection may have relevance to stillbirths. Although it has some persuasive points, their delivery could have been effective by developing more evidences. They commit the logical fallacy called sweeping generalization. It is nonsense to generalize to use just one case of stillbirth. To gain credibility, they need to find more examples about the case.
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The rapid spread of Zika virus in the Americas and outbreak of microcephaly in Brazil hasraised attention to the possible deleterious effects that the virus may have on fetuses.
Most of the audience already acknowledge a correlation between Zika virus and Microcephaly. The authors calculate that Zika virus may result in other possible harmful effects on fetus.
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www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy2.library.colostate.edu:2048 www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy2.library.colostate.edu:2048
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This conclusion comes with the caveat that further study is needed to determine whether this pattern appears consistently in other studies, or whether it is merely an artifact of this particular sample.
In my opinion, I find this to be a good audience appeal. Although, some might say this information discredits the ethos of the study, I believe it helps in showing that more information is needed to find out clearer results. The authors establish ethos by showing that this subject needs more study to further understand its results. The fact that they want to further their research and keep looking into the subject is great and shows their true interest in the subject.
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One possible conclusion that we might draw from this is that increased engagement in public discourse might be associated with some emerging consensus on the reality of anthropogenic climate change, but not on the policy debates regarding what should be done about it.
Interesting perspective. Although people might engage in conversation about climate change the real debate needs to be on policy implementation to help change the problem, not on the problem itself.
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The Public and Its Climate: Exploring the Relationship Between Public Discourse and Opinion on Global Warming
Shreck, Brian, and Arnold Vedlitz. "The Public And Its Climate: Exploring The Relationship Between Public Discourse And Opinion On Global Warming." Society & Natural Resources 29.5 (2016): 509-524. Academic Search Premier. Web. 4 Mar. 2016.
Within Society and Natural Resources: An International Journal, Shreck and Vedlitz claim that there appears to be a positive association between people engaging in conversation about climate change and the strong belief that climate change actually exists. They go on to further state that this conversation about climate change is occurring on both sides of the debate spectrum, which later will force both sides to address the issue.
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Brian Shrecka* & Arnold Vedlitz
Brian Shreck is a joint appointment in the Department of Political Science and the National Wind Institute. He focuses his area of study specifically on wind energy and public policy. I see him as being highly qualified as he is at Texas Tech University as a Postdoctoral Research Scholar. He obviously has credibility on the subject of climate change and how it is being addressed throughout society. http://perg-tamu.com/people/brian-shreck
Furthermore, Shreck's co author Arnold Vedlitz is obviously just as qualified as him, as he is "holder of the Bob Bullock Chair in Government and Public Policy and director of the Institute for Science, Technology and Public Policy (ISTPP) in the Bush School of Government and Public Service". He has done a lot throughout his career pertaining to the environment which only adds to his credibility. http://bush.tamu.edu/faculty/avedlitz/
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Second, for the exchange to be truly deliberative, citizens must be open to receiving and considering this new information and new arguments and, ultimately, to changing their minds when confronted with convincing new arguments or contradictory evidence that make their current positions indefensible.
This point is a good way to increase credibility as the authors are addressing that people should listen to and welcome refutations of the arguments. Therefore, every aspect of the argument is addressed.
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We fielded a national survey to collect opinions, knowledge, and engagement on climate change, including individuals’ informal public discourse with family members, friends, and coworkers
I would be interested in seeing the survey. I want to know if the same size was large enough to constitute the results of the survey. Who received the survey? Are the questions potentially biased?
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However, the polarization on the issue of climate change calls into question what the result of more public discourse might look like. Would the result be an emerging consensus toward belief in the reality of climate change—and accompanying support for public policies to curb human impacts? Or would the outcome be more of the same polarization that we see now?
This is an interesting point. Because very little people are engaging in conversation about climate change currently, would increasing talk about climate change only cause more polarization on the subject or bring a new light to the subject?
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These data give us a unique opportunity to analyze empirically how, and how much, the U.S. public engages in discussion of this very important but technically complex and politically contested issue.
Here is what "they" are saying. Shreck and Vedlitz are saying that in order for this issue to be truly understood it needs to be looked at two ways. First, is that people need to have an open-mind. One must consider the other sides perspectives and stay impressionable to the argument being made. Second, people need to realize that in order to engage in deliberative democratic theory they must have an active, engaged, and knowledgeable political entity that will consider all ideas equally and will reconsider its existing ideas in the face of new evidence or arguments.Because of this, they will be exposed to new information and ideas which will either help deepen their initial position or help sway them in the opposite direction.
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- Feb 2016
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faculty.humanities.uci.edu faculty.humanities.uci.edu
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How were human beings created? • Where did they obtain their knowledge, and how did they provide for themselves?
1) Human beings were created by birth from mother and father.
2) The father passed on his offspring and that his how they gained knowledge.
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What was the source of life? • What were the differences between Earth-mother and Sky-father? • Where did the moon and stars come from?
1) The animals were taking care of humans that were in need of help.
2) The difference was day and night. The mother and father both created the light and darkness in the day. Bringing the moon, sun and earth.
3) The sky-father created the moon and stars for the night time.
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- Jan 2016
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www.americanyawp.com www.americanyawp.com
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What were the three major crops developed in the Americas? What impact did they have?
The three major crops were corn, beans and squash which all had nutritional needs that sustained the cities and civilizations.
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The last global ice age trapped much of the world’s water in enormous continental glaciers. Twenty thousand years ago, ice sheets, some a mile thick, extended across North America as far south as modern-day Illinois and Ohio.
The ice age across North America left many people to panic on how they were going to survive these harsh temperatures. They had to find many ways to stay warm and finding food was tough because they would be trapped from going out in the cold.
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Quite a useful article summarizing the state of React and Angular 2 and to be fair, it does make criticisms of both sides.
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- Dec 2015
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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“Consumers will conclude that these people have not done anything in spite of what they’ve been saying, and that becomes a credibility issue,” he said. “For a company like Chipotle, which talks a lot about the integrity of its food, that’s seriously damaging.”
I AGREE
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Today” show to apologize to the people who became sick most recently. “I’m sorry for the people who got sick. They’re having a tough time and I feel terrible about that,” Mr. Ells said in an interview.
Its not really his fault, but then again it is because his company hires anybody. If Ells cared that much about implementing food with integrity, he should have a policy of hiring "experienced" workers.
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The company’s shares dropped $19.07, to $522.01, after the new outbreak came to light. The stock is down 30 percent from its high of $757.77 in August.
I am not surprised that the shares dropped that low
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Chipotle says it is working to put in place programs to monitor the safety of each of the 68 ingredients it uses, using methods like high-resolution testing and additional food-safety training for its employees
The company should've been considered this option
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The same bacteria has sickened 53 people in eight other states
This is bad
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www.businessinsider.com www.businessinsider.com
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60 samples of every 2,000 pounds of steak will be tested before it's sent to stores.
This should have been an option
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"Food With Integrity"
Do Chipotle's food really have Integrity?
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Onions will be dipped in boiling water to kill germs before they're chopped. Raw chicken will be marinated in resealable plastic bags, rather than in bowls. Cilantro will be added to freshly cooked rice so the heat gets rid of microbes in the garnish.
If every Chipotle restaurant in the world consider this option, the company will overcome the harmful outbreak.
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So they will remain chopped on in restaurants, along with lemons, limes, and jalapenos. All will now be blanched to kill germs.
So are "automation" foods safer to eat, rather than fresh produce since the fresh produce has a high risk for foodborne illness?
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www.cnn.com www.cnn.com
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No single food item has been identified as a source of illness.
CDC, FDA and state health officials need to check again because there has to be something wrong with the food if people are getting sick.
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The restaurant chain is also increasing food safety training of its employees and making improvements to its ingredient testing
Is it really going to be an improvement?
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More E. coli cases linked to Chipotle; may be a different outbreak
What do the reporter mean by "a different outbreak"?
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Symptoms, which include diarrhea and abdominal pain, usually begin two to eight days after a person has been exposed to the bacteria and resolve within a week. Some cases are severe and patients can develop hemolytic uremic syndrome, or HUS, which is a type of kidney failure. There have been no cases of HUS or deaths from this outbreak, although 20 of those who have become ill have been hospitalized.
Abdominal pain is severe. Abdominal pain can lead to Unitary Tract Infections, and very painful menstrual periods.
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www.perfectionlearning.com www.perfectionlearning.com
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This is a sample annotation.
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- Sep 2015
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finance.sina.com.cn finance.sina.com.cn
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等值
相当于价值是……
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提取
retirer ex.: 提款＝提钱 取款机 🏧 提现
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境外
!=国外 在中国的用法中，“境外”包括港澳台。
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连续多日
J+1, J+2, J+3...
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同日
J+0
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隔日
J+1
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防范
防止
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警惕
vigilance
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个人
particuliers
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分拆
＝拆分 拆分 chāifēn 动把整体或成套的东西拆开分解。 这家企业被拆分 | 拆分机器设备
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获悉
＝知道／了解到
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加强
renforcer <-> 减弱 affaiblir
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下发
上级给下级发（文件／命令／……） 下发 xiàfā 动发送到下级或基层。 本文件下发县（团）级 | 救灾物资要迅速下发。
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独家
exclusive
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外汇局
（国家）外（汇）管（理）局
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购汇
购（买外）汇
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独家：外汇局下发特急文件加强蚂蚁搬家式购汇管理
S1-3 : économie chinoise T6
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特急
特别急迫 extrêmement urgent ex.: 特快／特效
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www.ftchinese.com www.ftchinese.com
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中国的政治风险远超经济风险
S1-3 : économie chinoise T4
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幸灾乐祸
幸灾乐祸 xìngzāi-lèhuò 因他人遭灾祸而高兴。
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无可否认
＝不可否认 indéniable
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远超
远远超过
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finance.sina.com.cn finance.sina.com.cn
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缘何
＝为什么
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蜇伏10年的外汇黄牛重现街头：需求多来自炒美股港股
S1-2 : économie chinoise T5
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黄牛
②名某些地区指抢购紧俏商品或车票、门票后高价出售从中牟利的人。 ex.: 黄牛党
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蜇伏
蛰伏 zhéfú 动动物冬眠，即潜伏起来不食不动，血液循环和呼吸极缓慢，进入昏睡状态。
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www.ftchinese.com www.ftchinese.com
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量化宽松
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近期动态很重要，因为它表明，中国当局尚未找到解决这三个难题的办法。更糟糕的是，他们在过去7年里所尝试的权宜之计甚至已使困境变得更麻烦。或许，市场先生已预感到，中国的处境将是多么的艰难，而中国可能会采取的一些选项实际上会造成多么大的动荡。中国的选项包括货币贬值、超低利率，甚至还有量化宽松。如果真是如此，当前市场动荡或许并不显得愚蠢。全球储蓄过剩可能变得更严重。那会让所有人都受到影响。
中国当局尚未找到解决三个难题的办法，在当前可行的选项面前，市场动荡不一定是坏事。
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现在，这给中国当局留下了三个巨大的经济难题。第一个是清理过去金融过度行为的遗产，同时避免发生金融危机。第二个是重塑经济，使增长更依赖私人与公共部门的消费，减轻对超高水平投资的依赖。第三个是在实现以上所有目标的同时维持总需求的强劲增长。
中国目前的投资繁荣给当局留下了三个经济难题：要一边减少金融过度，一边避免金融危机；要实现经济从依赖投资到依赖消费的转变；要继续维持总需求的强劲增长。
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可持续
durable
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这种对总需求不足的担忧由来已久。自从西方的金融危机以来，这就成了一个非常令人担心的问题，因为危机摧毁了对于中国出口的需求。正因如此，中国自己推动了一次信贷助长的投资繁荣。潜在产出增长率下降的同时，投资占GDP的比例却在显著地（并令人担忧地）升高。长期来看，这两种状况的组合是不可持续的。
中国当前的投资繁荣是自己通过信贷推动的，是不可持续的。
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边际回报率
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假设这是真的。根据官方数据，2014年固定资产投资占国内生产总值(GDP)的44%。投资数字有可能比GDP数字更准确。但是，一个经济体的投资占到GDP的44%，增长率却仅为5%，这在经济上合理吗？不合理。这些数据反映了超低的（如果不是负值的话）边际回报率。如果这样，投资可能大幅下降。如果首先砍掉浪费性投资的话，这或许不会降低潜在增长率，但将造成需求大减。中国当局在做的每一件事都表明，他们担心的正是这一点。
中国当局实际担心的是，在边际回报率超低的情况下减少投资，将造成需求大减。
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中国经济已然放缓。“新常态”的说法承认了这一现实。但共识经济学公司(Consensus Economics)提出了不同的增长预测。新预测的平均值显示，在截至2015年第四季度的一年内，中国经济增速将仅为5.3%（见图表）。
从“新常态”的说法和共识经济学公司的预测中，可以看出中国经济已经并将继续放缓。
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看待近期事态，必须考虑到更深层次的担忧。问题在于，中国当局是否有能力、并且愿意实现经济从投资驱动转型为消费主导，同时维持总需求。如果能办到，中国经济还将保持6%至7%的增长率。否则，就可能发生经济和政治动荡。
中国经济和政治是否能稳定，取决于中国当局是否有能力、有意愿在维持总需求的前提下，实现从投资驱动到消费主导的经济转型。
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以上并非中国当局的行为让人有理由担心的唯一方面。其他方面还有8月11日的人民币贬值。就本身而言，这不算重大事件，迄今人民币兑美元汇率累计跌幅仅为2.8%。但人民币贬值有重要的含义。中国当局想要大幅降息的空间，如同本周二降息那样。这再次突出显示了他们对经济健康状况的担心。另一个可能的含义是，北京方面或许在寻求重振出口驱动的增长。我发现这一点难以置信，因为它的全球后果将是毁灭性的。但至少，对其破坏稳定的可能性感到担忧是合理的。最后一个可能的含义是，中国当局开始准备容忍资本外流。如果是这样，美国将会自食其果。华盛顿方面一直敦促中国放开资本项目管制。那么，美国或许不得不忍受破坏稳定的短期后果：人民币贬值。
人民币贬值有三层可能的重要含义：一是中国当局担心经济状况，二是中国寻求重振出口，三是开始准备容忍资本外流。
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重振
重（新）振（兴／作）
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然而，由于两个相互关联的原因，中国股市行情有了更重要的含义。第一个原因是，中国当局决定押上巨大的资源、甚至他们的政治权威，试图阻止股市泡沫破裂（这一努力没有成功并非意外）。第二个是，他们一定是出于担心经济才这么做的。如果他们担心到对这样渺茫的希望下注的地步，我们其他人也应当感到担忧。
中国股市行情因为当局的介入，而具有重要的含义。
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重塑
重（新）塑（造）
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权宜之计
权宜 quányí 形暂时适宜的；临时变通的。 权宜之举 | 权宜之计 Mesure / disposition temporaire prise en raison des circonstances. 可以说：不得不采取／采用权宜之计
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押
押③动以财物作担保。 把房子押出去 | 押金 | 抵押 押金 yājīn ①名作为抵押的钱。 领取客房钥匙要先交押金。 ②名预付款。 住院要先付押金 押宝 yābǎo 动赌博的一种，参赌的人在赌具“宝”的几种可能中凭猜测下注，猜对了为胜；比喻指望靠运气来进行某项活动。
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敦促
敦促 dūncù 动催促。 敦促作者早日交稿。
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自食其果
自食其果 zìshíqíguǒ 自（己）（吞）食（其：自己的，自己种出的）（苦：因此是贬义）果。比喻做了坏事，结果自己受到惩罚。
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难以置信
不容易相信 程度不同的表达有：无法置信／不可置信……
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暴涨暴跌
对应上文“上涨”“下跌”
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容忍
tolérer
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新常态
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已然
＝已经 ①动已经是这样。 优胜劣汰，自古已然。 ②副已经。 往事已然逝去
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下注
下（赌）注 赌注 dǔzhù 名赌博时所押的钱物；比喻进行冒险活动所投入的力量。 下赌注
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渺茫
渺茫 miǎománg ①形遥远而模糊不清。 渺茫的远山 ②形难以预测。 前景渺茫 | 希望渺茫 用法说明 不要写作“淼茫”。
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中国股市并不正常。它甚至比大多数股市更像赌场，每个玩家都希望找到一个“更大的傻瓜”，在最后一刻之前把价格过高的筹码传递到他们手上。这样的市场注定会暴涨暴跌。但这种变幻莫测的行情，应该反映不了中国的宏观经济状况。
暴涨暴跌的中国股市很像赌场，情况不正常；它的行情无法反映中国宏观经济状况。
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在中国股市的带领下，全球股市确实已开始了调整。从6月的顶点至周二，上证综指下跌了43%。不过，中国股市较2014年初仍高出50%。10年内第二次中国股市泡沫内爆似乎仍未结束。（见图表）。
虽然中国股市已经大幅下跌，但内爆似乎还没有结束。
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我没有聪明到理解“市场先生”(Mr Market)行为的程度，也没有愚蠢到认为自己能理解他的地步。“市场先生”是投资大师本杰明•格雷厄姆(Benjamin Graham)虚构出的患有燥狂抑郁症的人物。但是，市场先生的确处于抑郁之中。背后的原因似乎是对中国的担忧。市场先生的焦躁是合理的吗？简单说，是的。
开篇这一段，作者认为：市场先生对中国的担忧是合理的。
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我们必须分清哪些事值得担忧，哪些事不值得。中国股市下跌就属于后一类。真正值得担忧的是，中国当局明显连一次股市泡沫破裂都没有能力很好地应对，但他们面对的任务却非常之艰巨。
中国股市下跌是一次泡沫破裂，值得担忧；中国当局任务艰巨。
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为什么应该担心中国？
S1-2 : économie chinoise T1 Texte en anglais
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当局
当局 dāngjú 名指政府、政党、学校等方面的掌权者。 此事由市政当局处理 | 学校当局
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宏观经济
macro-économie
微观经济：micro-économie
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变幻莫测
变化多端，令人无法捉摸。
用法说明
“幻”不要误写作“换”。
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筹码
fiche, jeton
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内爆
爆炸：explosion 不说“外爆”；
内爆：implosion
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下跌
反义词：上涨
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上证综指
＝上海证券交易所综合股价指数
SSE Composite Index
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非常之
＝非常
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破裂
éclater
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泡沫
bulle
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焦躁
焦急烦躁 “焦躁”与“躁狂”的比较：前者强调心中焦急，因此跺脚；后者强调跺脚已经达到发疯的地步。后者程度更甚。
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担忧
inquiétude
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的确
＝确实
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抑郁
dépressif 忧郁：mélancolique
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燥狂
燥->躁 躁狂：manie
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虚构
fictif
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愚蠢
stupide
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Mr Market
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- Jul 2015
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consilience-build.iq.harvard.edu consilience-build.iq.harvard.edu
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and Frank R.
hi
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- Apr 2015
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www.healthtap.com www.healthtap.com
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You won't get sick immediately from eating old cooking oil, but having oil that has been sitting around for a while means the oil has very likely gone rancid.
Tags
Annotators
URL
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www.osce.org www.osce.org
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According to both Ukrainian Armed Forces and Russian Federation Armed Forces officers at the observation point, an unidentified “third party” was provoking the two sides.
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Annotators
URL
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aillarionov.livejournal.com aillarionov.livejournal.com
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Интересно, что в познеровском монологе на путинском ТВ картина дебатов выглядела несколько иначе. Мэтр отечественного телевидения заявил, что дебаты закончились "почти вничью" (49% за "диалог", 51% — против), после чего пустился в рассуждения о невежественной канадской аудитории, будто бы ничего не знающей о России и находящейся во власти пропаганды. Простим господину Познеру, что он — случайно или по старой советской привычке — "подрезал" процентик у оппонентов. Гораздо важнее, что он скромно умолчал о том факте, что изначально аудитория гораздо больше симпатизировала именно его позиции, а изменение настроений аудитории — это результат дебатов, которые Познер с Коэном проиграли, а не мифической антироссийской пропаганды. Подобное поведение иначе как потерей лица не назовешь. В конце концов, нет ничего постыдного в том, чтобы проиграть в честном поединке, а вот заниматься передергиваниями — это действительно позор.
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- Feb 2014
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ubuntuone.com ubuntuone.com
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Chapter 1, The Art of Community We begin the book with a bird’s-eye view of how communities function at a social science level. We cover the underlying nuts and bolts of how people form communities, what keeps them involved, and the basis and opportunities behind these interactions. Chapter 2, Planning Your Community Next we carve out and document a blueprint and strategy for your community and its future growth. Part of this strategy includes the target objectives and goals and how the community can be structured to achieve them. PREFACE xix Chapter 3, Communicating Clearly At the heart of community is communication, and great communicators can have a tremendously positive impact. Here we lay down the communications backbone and the best practices associated with using it
Reading the first 3 chapters of AoC for discussion in #coasespenguin on 2013-02-11.
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www.justinhughes.net www.justinhughes.net
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The Philosophy of Intellectual Property
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