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Xu, G., Qi, F., Li, H., Yang, Q., Wang, H., Wang, X., Liu, X., Zhao, J., Liao, X., Liu, Y., Amit, I., Liu, L., Zhang, S., & Zhang, Z. (2020). The differential immune responses to COVID-19 in peripheral and lung revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. MedRxiv, 2020.08.15.20175638. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.15.20175638
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www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
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Luban, J., Sattler, R., Mühlberger, E., Graci, J. D., Cao, L., Weetall, M., Trotta, C., Colacino, J. M., Bavari, S., Strambio-De-Castillia, C., Suder, E. L., Wang, Y., Soloveva, V., Cintron-Lue, K., Naryshkin, N. A., Pykett, M., Welch, E. M., O’Keefe, K., Kong, R., … Peltz, S. (2020). The DHODH Inhibitor PTC299 Arrests SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Suppresses Induction of Inflammatory Cytokines. BioRxiv, 2020.08.05.238394. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.05.238394
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- Jun 2020
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Long, Q.-X., Tang, X.-J., Shi, Q.-L., Li, Q., Deng, H.-J., Yuan, J., Hu, J.-L., Xu, W., Zhang, Y., Lv, F.-J., Su, K., Zhang, F., Gong, J., Wu, B., Liu, X.-M., Li, J.-J., Qiu, J.-F., Chen, J., & Huang, A.-L. (2020). Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nature Medicine, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0965-6
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Zhang, S. (2020, April 8). The Best Hopes for a Coronavirus Drug. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/04/what-coronavirus-drug-will-look-like/609661/
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- Apr 2020
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jamanetwork.com jamanetwork.com
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In the present study, we also found that markers of inflammatory response, such as C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and leukocytes, were significantly increased among patients who suffered from cardiac injury. The activation or enhanced release of these inflammatory cytokines can lead to apoptosis or necrosis of myocardial cells.
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Third, Huang’s study noted that high concentration of IL-1β, IFN-γ, IP-10 and MCP-1 could be detected in patients infected with 2019-nCoV, which might lead to activated T-helper-1 (Th1) cell responses [4]. Furthermore, they also found that ICU patients had much higher concentrations of inflammatory factors than those non-ICU patients, suggesting that the cytokine storm was associated with disease severity
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Other proposed mechanisms of myocardial injury include a cytokine storm triggered by an imbalanced response by type 1 and type 2 T helper cells
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- Oct 2017
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onlinelibrary.wiley.com onlinelibrary.wiley.com
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Upon synapse formation, T cells not only release perforin and granzyme B but also release large amounts of cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and interferon (IFN)-γ
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