the offering was so oversubscribed that it raised $45 billion instead
【令人震惊的数字】Alphabet 原计划发行 $40B 股票，结果超募变成 $45B，加上下季度的 $40B，共 $85B——打破了巴西石油 2010 年创下的 $70B 全球股票发行记录。Berkshire Hathaway 单独买入 $10B。这个数字的真正意义：连以「价值投资」著称的巴菲特都大手笔押注 AI，说明 AI 已从「高科技赌注」变成了全球资本眼中的「确定性机会」。
Eine Modellierung durch Forschende der Chinesischen Akademie für meteorologische Wissenschaften ergibt für 2024 hochwahrscheinliche Rekordtemperaturen und Extremwetter u.a. in südasiatischen Küstengebieten und dem Amazonasbecken. Auch bei einem gemäßigten El Niño ist aufgrund des Treibhausgasgehalts der Atmosphäre mit schweren Katastrophen zu rechnen. Der Artikel stellt das El Niño-Phänomen selbst relativ ausführlich dar. https://www.derstandard.de/story/3000000209661/el-nino-sorgt-in-den-naechsten-monaten-fuer-temperaturrekorde
Schreiber, M. (2021, September 24). ‘It’s awful. It’s exhausting’: Alaska rations care as it hits Covid nadir. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/sep/24/alaska-covid-coronavirus-rations-care-hospitals
eighth flood
When the return-interval describes the expected recurrence frequency for a single site/region, we must expect many more occurrences over a wider area. This is explained by maths and mathematics (the Binomial distribution and probabilities). Then a small change in the probabilities (probability density function) can lead to a large increase in the number of observed events. Furthermore, the definition of climate change is indeed a changing probability density function (climate is weather statistics), which means that a past 500-year event is no longer a 500-year event, but perhaps a 100-year event. In other words, this is not surprising and is in accordance with mathematical reasoning. Actually, it is to be expected, especially since a warming leads to a higher evaporation rate and more moisture in the atmosphere. The fact that the return intervals are estimated for single sites/regions means that we can expect a dramatic increase in similar extreme weather events in the future. We can gauge this development by studying the number of record-breaking events: see http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2008EO410002/pdf