芥末 a pungent yellow condiment consisting of the pulverized seeds of various mustard plants (such as Sinapis alba, Brassica juncea, and B. nigra) either dry or made into a paste or sauce (as by mixing with water or vinegar) and sometimes adulterated with other substances (such as turmeric) or mixed with spices

糧倉 a storehouse for threshed grain

幾種通常多雜草的黑麥草（黑麥草屬）中的任何一種 any of several usually weedy ryegrasses (genus Lolium)

因乾燥而皺縮 to become dry or scorched

薊 any of various prickly composite plants (especially genera Carduus, Cirsium, and Onopordum) with often showy heads of mostly tubular flowers

貪吃 to feed greedily

撕裂 to perform an act of tearing or splitting

辛勞 long strenuous fatiguing labor

財神爺 material wealth or possessions especially as having a debasing influence

皺眉頭 to contract the brow in an expression of displeasure

猶太教堂 the house of worship and communal center of a Jewish congregation

補償 to return in kind

搬運工 a person who carries burdens

淫亂 sexual profligacy

通過踩踏來壓碎、傷害或毀壞 to crush, injure, or destroy by or as if by treading

通過踩踏來壓碎、傷害或毀壞 to crush, injure, or destroy by or as if by treading

廣泛分佈的鳥類科（鴿科，鴿形目）中的任何一種，具有粗壯的身體、相當短的腿和光滑緊湊的羽毛 any of a widely distributed family (Columbidae, order Columbiformes) of birds with a stout body, rather short legs, and smooth and compact plumage

古羅馬用於人口統計的量詞 a count of the population and a property evaluation in early Rome

an order usually having the force of law 有法律效力的命令

詭計 trick

1.the rising of Christ from the dead 2.the rising again to life of all the human dead before the final judgement 3.the state of one risen from the dead

復活、復興、恢復、耶穌復活

An excavation in which a corpse is buried. 墓穴

A length of cloth worn by women as a covering for the head and shoulders and often especially in Eastern countries for the face. 面紗

Using or involving physical violence or emotional cruelty. 爛用地、辱罵地、虐待地

To speak in way that shows irreverence for God or something sacred 褻瀆

Something bitter to endure 膽汁、苦味

To put to death by nailing or binding the wrists or hands and feet to a cross 釘在十字架上

Desire to cause pain, injury, or distress to another. 怨恨、惡意

Generally known and talked of 惡名昭彰的、眾人皆知的

A state of being many 大量、多數、群眾

習慣於

A solemn declaration usually made orally by a witness under oath in response to interrogation by a lawyer or authorized public official. 證據、證明

And, recollect : "sleep is greatly personal," says Dr. Dasguptao if – so, if one plan doesn't work for you, try one more.

Here are some plans to smach the cycle of bedtime temporization and recover some of those valuable hours of sleep.

: full of excessive talk

: a unit of military organization

: something that foreshadows or portends a future event

:a steel-tipped spear carried by mounted knights or light cavalry

to trouble or afflict in a manner that threatens to overwhelm

to produce or result in as a benefit or advantage

italian —used in poetry

to encroach upon in a way that violates law or the rights of another

courageously resolute especially in the face of danger or difficulty

a remedy for all ills or difficulties

to command solemnly under or as if under oath or penalty of a curse

to thoroughly overwhelm and reduce to submission or passivity

highly obnoxious or objectionable

relating to, or suitable for a king

a loud continuous noise

to affirm to be true or genuine

Same meaning as between

: volunteering one's services where they are neither asked nor needed : MEDDLESOME 3/6

either of the two openings in the nose through which air moves when you breath

a young man who loves, or is having a relationship with, a woman

Treat someone unfairly or cruelly over a long period

: strength of mind or spirit that enables a person to encounter danger with firmness : personal bravery 3/6

send someone away ,especially from their country, and not allow them to come back

to make a vain display of one's own worth or attainments : BRAG 自誇

排除 to anticipate and prevent (something, such as a situation) or make (an action) unnecessary

鷹 any of numerous diurnal birds of prey belonging to a suborder (Falcones of the order Falconiformes) and including all the smaller members of this group

: blatantly and disdainfully proud : having or showing an attitude of superiority and contempt for people or things perceived to be inferior 3/6

: strength of mind or spirit that enables a person to encounter danger with firmness : personal bravery 3/6

Mild and pleasant

showing no thought or care for the rights, feelings, or safety of others (肆無忌憚的）

:stretched out with face on the ground in adoration or submission

How effective is second language incidental vocabulary learning? A meta-analysis

a set of ideas, motives, or devices which justify or form the basis for something.

Very weak or slight

https://polygloss.app/

Definition: something from which something else is a descendant.

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bon%20viveur

rhoi<br /> gweithio<br /> meddwl<br /> i fi<br /> i ti<br /> yn galed<br /> am hynny<br /> Bydda i'n<br /> Fydda' i ddim yn<br /> Fory<br /> amdani<br /> diolch<br /> Byddi di'n...<br /> Fyddi di ddim yn...<br /> Fyddi di'n...?<br /> Byddaf, bydda i'n...<br /> Na (fyddaf), fydda'i ddim yn...<br /> Helo<br /> Bore da<br /> Ti'n iawn?<br /> Ydw, diolch yn fawr.<br /> Mae'n ddrwg 'da fi.<br /> Dw i ddim yn siarad Cymraeg yn dda iawn.<br /> Paid siarad Saesneg gyda fi, plîs.<br /> Ti'n siarad braidd yn glou.<br /> Siarada'n arafach, plîs.<br /> Siwd mae'r gwaith?<br /> Fel 'na mae.<br /> ...yndefe.<br /> Ti'n moyn coffi / dishgled o de?<br /> Dere 'mlaen 'te.<br /> 'Na ddigon!<br /> Mae isie i ni siarad Saesneg nawr!

Llaeth<br /> bara<br /> cig<br /> caws<br /> ci<br /> cath<br /> mae<br /> gyda<br /> ifanc<br /> hen<br /> heno<br /> y<br /> yr<br /> 'r<br /> Mae ... gyda fi / ti<br /> Does dim ... gyda fi / ti<br /> Oes ... gyda ti?<br /> Oes, mae ... gyda fi.<br /> Nag oes, does dim ... gyda fi.<br /> Mae isie i fi / ti...<br /> Oes isie i fi / ti...<br /> Oes, mae isie i fi...<br /> Nag oes, does dim isie i fi...

a<br /> ac<br /> ond<br /> neu<br /> yn dda<br /> yn barod<br /> yn hapus<br /> Wnest ti...<br /> Wnest ti ddim...<br /> Wnest ti...?<br /> Do, wnes i...<br /> Naddo, wnes i ddim...

To finish - cwpla<br /> To buy - prynu<br /> To come - dod<br /> To sleep - cysgu<br /> To take - cymryd<br /> To see - gweld<br /> I'm going to speak - Dw i'n mynd i siarad<br /> I'm not going to speak - Dw i ddim yn mynd i siarad<br /> You're going to speak - Ti'n mynd i siarad<br /> You're not going to speak - Ti ddim yn mynd i siarad<br /> I spoke - Wnes i siarad<br /> I didn't speak - Wnes i ddim siarad

How - sut<br /> What - beth<br /> Something - rhywbeth<br /> Nothing - dim byd<br /> Why - pam<br /> Because - achos<br /> Him - fe, e<br /> You're speaking - Ti'n siarad<br /> You're not speaking - Ti ddim yn siarad<br /> Are you speaking? Wyt ti'n siarad?<br /> Yes, I'm speaking - Yndw, dw i'n siarad<br /> No, I'm not speaking - Nac ydw, dw i ddim yn siarad

I'm trying - dwi'n trio<br /> I'm not trying - dwi ddim yn trio<br /> To like - hoffi<br /> To speak - siarad<br /> Welsh - Cymraeg<br /> To go - mynd<br /> To stay - aros<br /> To do - gwneud<br /> To say - dweud<br /> To be able - gallu<br /> To know - gwybod<br /> To want - moyn<br /> You're speaking - ti'n siarad

criticize (someone or something) harshly

apt in the circumstances or in relation to something

increasing cheerfulness or confidence; encouraging

a spell of difficult, tiring work or travelling

criticize (someone or something) harshly

apt in the circumstances or in relation to something

increasing cheerfulness or confidence; encouraging

a spell of difficult, tiring work or travelling

Vocabulary Acquisition through Viewing Captioned and Subtitled Video: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis

definition

Definition

Math teacher Brendan Jeffreys from the Auburn school district in Auburn, WA created simple hand gestures to accompany or replace mathematical terms. Examples included making a Pac-Man shape with one's arms to describe an acute angle, spreading one's arms wide as if to hug someone to indicate an obtuse angle, or flexing your arm to show your muscles to indicate a right triangle. Other examples included a karate chop to indicate division or a motion imitating using a knife to butter bread to indicate finding the area of a shape.

Mathematics can often be more difficult compared to other subjects as students learning new concepts are forced not only to understand entirely new concepts, but simultaneously are required to know new vocabulary to describe those concepts. Utilizing gestures to help lighten the cognitive load of the new vocabulary to allow students to focus on the concepts and operations can be invaluable.

adopt [v] 采取；采纳

conceivable [adj] 可能的；可想象到的

provision [n] 准备

sufficient [adj] 足够的；充足的

robust [adj] 强壮的；结实的

This is hardly the first time that Minneapolis has rocked into demonstrations about police violence and the deaths of black people.

Many demonstrators, including reporters, have recorded police on tape recordings aiming guns, firing rubber bullets and tear gas at them.

Racism has developed over the past 50 years, and our shared understanding of what it means to be just, how discrimination works and how to best discuss it needs updating.

To accomplish racial justice, we need to be able to do three things

ESP

Kanero, J., & Aktan-Erciyes, A. (2021). Parental contributions to language development during the COVID-19. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/wvbjd

This chapter is dense with rich vocabulary, particularly noticeable while reading the following chapter. I would suggest this could be one of Dickens' tools to capture the mood of the story, in this case, there is a serious feeling of graveness and mystery. I recognized the term "laved" was similar to the Spanish "lavar" and searched for it with quickfind. This is the only occurrence of the word and its conjugations in the series while those for "wash" occur 30 times. To me this indicates to the reader that this action is very important. I also happened to notice that every time the word indolent is used, it follows some mention of Mortimer Lightfoot. It is often in connection to his buddy Eugene Wrayburn, but is used ironically by Riderhood in this chapter after a smug Wrayburn got the final word in a conversation.

Davies, Catherine, Alexandra Hendry, Shannon P. Gibson, Teodora Gliga, Michelle McGillion, and Nayeli Gonzalez-Gomez. ‘Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) during COVID-19 Boosts Growth in Language and Executive Function’. PsyArXiv, 10 March 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/74gkz.

Kartushina, N., Mani, N., AKTAN-ERCIYES, A., Alaslani, K., Aldrich, N. J., Almohammadi, A., … Mayor, J. (2021, March 5). COVID-19 first lockdown as a unique window into language acquisition: What you do (with your child) matters. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5ejwu

awesome term

Kanero, J., & Aktan-Erciyes, A. (2020). Family and language development during COVID-19: The case of Turkey. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/n7k8z

It is very interesting that a small boy's vocabulary include words such as garrulous and other relatively unusual words/phases throughout the article. I feel like most of the adults wouldn't have that kind of vocabulary. It would be interesting to see what the TTR is for this story in particular compared to the other ones in the book.

An attorney is a lawyer. Attorneys sue people, defend people, and serve as experts on the law.

When going rogue was first used it had a fairly specific meaning of 'behaving in an erratic or dangerous fashion. ' The expression today is more likely to be used to indicate that someone is displaying some degree of independence or failing to follow an expected script.

Thwarted describes something that didn't work out, like your thwarted plan to relax at home — a friend just called to ask you to help find her runaway dog

Some politicians change the boundaries of their voting districts in order to benefit themselves or their political party. To manipulate the boundaries like this — often viewed as unfair — is to gerrymander.

A prerogative is someone's special right or privilege. As Bobby Brown once sang, "I don't need permission / Make my own decisions / That's my prerogative."

It is a way to solve problems

There can be a "natural" vs. artificial system. To take control of the process, you would start with an analysis of the whole.

An arrangement, an organized approach, a set of resources and procedures.

One country, two systems? what does this mean?

extradition: sending a person to another country because it is believed they have committed a crime.

is a political philosophy and anarchist school of thought which advocates the abolition of the state, capitalism, wage labour and private property (while retaining respect for personal property, along with collectively-owned items, goods and services) in favor of common ownership of the means of production, direct democracy, and a horizontal network of workers' councils with production and consumption based on the guiding principle: "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs".[

naive or ingenious

Admit that something is true or valid after first denying or resisting it

Nice phrase for vocabulary & modern take on indigenous concepts.

"A carriage and horses, with the attendant servants; in later use sometimes applied to a carriage alone" www.oed.com

As commonly used today, Timbuctoo is used to refer to "the most distant place imaginable." http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/202099?redirectedFrom=timbuctoo#eid

Ей было не по себе.

сигналов стартеров

Конечно, у нас бывало то лучше, то хуже

консервированный

Джин положила линейку на конвейер. (Прим.: В западных супермаркетах для экономии времени несколько покупателей выгружают продук­ты на конвейер одновременно. Для того, чтобы кассир видела, где граница, покупатели кладут пластиковую линейку яркого цвета между своими и чужими покупками.)

Как по­думаешь, каких только ни бывает восточных продуктов

казалось, что её единственная упаковка йогурта говорит сама за себя.

оптовая закупка рыбных па­лочек

Всегда можно определить, что за человек перед тобой, по его покупкам

когда я бы вдруг пришла?

прозрачный лоток с помидорами, придавленный другими покупками.

касса-экспресс

Джин чувствовала, что её терпение заканчивается.

в такт словам то кивала, то качала го­ловой.

с какой стати я должна мириться с её присутствием на се­мейных праздниках.

non-normative apparently means "informative"

:)

An equipage is an archaic term for a horse drawn carriage and its attendants. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/equipage

Here is an article about regency transportation (including video links): https://janeaustensworld.wordpress.com/tag/regency-transportation/

alembic: alchemical still consisting of two vessels connected by a tube, used for distilling chemicals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alembic

A literary alembic would be someone who combines novels to produce the purest literary experience.

Definition of coadjutor 1 : one who works together with another https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/coadjutor

certain to happen.

a picture, description, or imitation of a person in which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic or grotesque effect.

chop or cut (something, especially wood or coal) with an axe, pick, or other tool.

the official procedure or system of rules governing affairs of state or diplomatic occasions.

the practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit, especially privileges granted by one country or organization to another.

Hydroponics is a subset of hydroculture, which is a method of growing plants without soil by using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent.

belonging to or characteristic of the middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes.

a movement or series of moves requiring skill and care.

a group of people with a shared characteristic.

An intellectual is someone who makes a living out of the production and distribution of ideas.

I was amazed how

one of the strongest impressions

is figuring out the reasons

It's too bad that there are not so many people good at that.

There is no shame in being an introvert

it's not a problem/it's ok

openness and friendliness are contagious

resist your own skepticism

to make small talk with strangers

Man up!/Pull yourself together!

a sign of weakness

an opportunity to turn their souls inside out

share terrifying details

pour out their souls to each other

the conversation is going to turn into a debate, a heated argument

Russians don't have small/insignificant topics

insignificant topics

there is an opportunity to make good money

we find it difficult to imagine

whose salary is a third as much as yours

if you don't consider people equal to you

give a candy to a post-office employee

treat customer service staff with contempt

sadly,

instead,

call a taxi

where it is cheaper

No one owes anything to anyone.

praise/compliment

a person started a conversation

grows/increases/intensifies because of the sense of obligation

the fear of deception

felt relief

was trying on a dress

popped in a Berlin store

(you'll be) ripped off/tricked/scammed

you're used to

why small talk is so difficult for Russians

get lost among the shelves

a joke or a certain topic that is used throughout the whole play