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DOI: 10.1113/JP291548
Resource: (Proteintech Cat# 28674-1-AP, RRID:AB_2881190)
Curator: @scibot
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DOI: 10.1113/JP291548
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DOI: 10.1113/JP291548
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DOI: 10.1113/JP291548
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Briefing Doc : Projections Démographiques, Maillage Scolaire et Évaluation des Performances Éducatives
Ce document de synthèse rend compte de l'audition de Magda Thomasini, directrice de l'Évaluation, de la Prospective et de la Performance (DEPP) du ministère de l'Éducation nationale, accompagnée d'Olivier Monseau, expert en analyse des inégalités scolaires, devant la mission d'information de l'Assemblée nationale.
L'objectif central de cette audition est d'analyser les modèles statistiques de la DEPP, les projections démographiques d'effectifs d'élèves à horizon 10 ans et leurs impacts sur l'allocation des moyens, la répartition territoriale des structures scolaires (milieu rural vs urbain) et la réussite des élèves.
À horizon de 10 ans, l'incertitude liée aux hypothèses de fécondité représente une fourchette d'environ 400 000 élèves dans le premier degré.
Résultats scolaires comparés (Rural vs Urbain) : À Indice de Position Sociale (IPS) égal, les résultats aux évaluations nationales des élèves du milieu rural sont légèrement meilleurs que ceux du milieu urbain sur la quasi-totalité de l'échelle sociale.
Poids des petites structures et du multiniveau : La France compte 8 181 écoles de 1 ou 2 classes (projection 2025/2026 sur un total d'environ 45 000 écoles).
Environ 50 % des élèves de primaire sont scolarisés dans des classes multiniveaux.
Le répertoire des Regroupements Pédagogiques Intercommunaux (RAMSESE) présente également des anomalies en cours de fiabilisation.
La DEPP constitue le service statistique ministériel de l'Éducation nationale, assimilable à l'« INSEE du ministère ».
Elle opère sous le statut d'indépendance professionnelle garanti par la loi de 1951 sur le secret et la coordination statistique, en déclinaison de la réglementation européenne.
Les élèves : Suivi démographique, réussite, compétences et parcours scolaires.
Les personnels : Enseignants, personnels d'encadrement, AESH, et l'ensemble des agents rémunérés par le ministère.
Les établissements et structures : Description des écoles, Établissements Publics Locaux d'Enseignement (EPLE), maillage territorial et accessibilité.
Les territoires : Analyse comparative des disparités départementales (illustrée notamment par la publication quinquennale Géographie de l'école).
Au niveau international, la DEPP est l'opérateur de la France pour le programme PISA et participe aux grandes enquêtes d'évaluation des compétences (TIMSS, PIRLS, PIAAC pour les adultes).
Historiquement cantonnée à des prévisions budgétaires à 1 ou 2 ans, puis à 5 ans dès la fin des années 2010, la DEPP produit désormais, à la demande ministérielle (Élisabeth Borne et Édouard Geffroy), des projections d'effectifs à 10 ans déclinées à l'échelon départemental et académique.
Évolutions des travaux prospectifs de la DEPP :
[Prévisions à 1-2 ans] ---> [Prévisions à 5 ans] ---> [Projections à 10 ans (Départementales)]
(Budget de l'État) (Constat de baisse) (Trois scénarios de fécondité)
Pour pallier l'inconnue des naissances futures après les premières années d'observation réelle, la DEPP s'appuie sur trois hypothèses d'Indicateur Conjoncturel de Fécondité (ICF) :
Hypothèse basse : 1,4 enfant par femme.
Hypothèse intermédiaire : 1,5 enfant par femme (scénario central aligné sur la prudence de l'INSEE).
Hypothèse haute : 1,6 enfant par femme.
Impact clé : La différence entre le scénario bas et le scénario haut génère une incertitude de 400 000 élèves dans le premier degré à 10 ans.
Tous les départements français observent une diminution de leurs effectifs dans le premier degré (y compris Paris, qui figure parmi les plus touchés, et Mayotte qui enregistre un ralentissement).
Tous les élèves du second degré à horizon 10 ans étant déjà nés, les projections reposent sur la reconduction des taux de passage observés entre 2024 et 2025.
Neutralité statistique : Le choix de la période 2024-2025 évite d'intégrer des événements exceptionnels récents (crise sanitaire du COVID-19, flux migratoires liés à la guerre en Ukraine).
Voie professionnelle : Hypothèse d'un dynamisme accru du recrutement, lié à la libération de capacités de la voie professionnelle aujourd'hui saturées, à mesure que la taille des cohortes diminuera.
Examens (Baccalauréat) : Prise en compte d'une baisse marginale de 0,1 point de la réussite au Bac général et technologique consécutive à la suppression des points de jury.
Le ministère enregistre environ 45 000 écoles sur le territoire national.
Pour la rentrée 2025-2026, 8 181 écoles sont constituées de seulement 1 ou 2 classes (principalement situées en milieu rural).
La DEPP neutralise l'effet des contextes socio-économiques grâce à l'Indice de Position Sociale (IPS), qui mesure le contexte familial plus ou moins favorable aux apprentissages scolaires (par exemple, un couple formé d'un professeur des écoles et d'un ingénieur présente un IPS supérieur à un couple de deux ingénieurs).
IPS (Indice de Position Sociale)
└── Mesure du contexte socio-familial favorable aux apprentissages
└── Permet de comparer à IPS égal : Résultats Ruraux vs Résultats Urbains
Les analyses de la DEPP révèlent qu'à IPS équivalent (en excluant les tranches sociales extrêmes sous-représentées à la campagne) :
Les élèves scolarisés en milieu rural obtiennent de meilleurs résultats aux évaluations nationales (primaire et 6ᵉ) que les élèves du milieu urbain.
Cet écart, bien que faible, se constate de façon constante sur la quasi-totalité des strates de l'IPS.
Proportion : Environ 50 % des élèves du primaire sont scolarisés dans une classe à niveaux multiples (réalité qui concerne le milieu rural contraint par la démographie, mais aussi le milieu urbain).
Pratiques pédagogiques : Une note d'information de la DEPP indique qu'en CP-CE1 multiniveaux, la différenciation pédagogique en petits groupes est plus difficile à mettre en œuvre par les enseignants.
Sélection biaisée en milieu urbain : En ville, les équipes pédagogiques ont tendance à affecter dans les classes multiniveaux des élèves plus autonomes et déjà plus performants au début de l'année, ce qui rend complexe l'évaluation d'un « effet multiniveau » pur sur la réussite.
Plusieurs questions parlementaires soulignent la perte de 6 229 classes rurales publiques entre 2015 et 2025 et s'interrogent sur les conséquences en matière de temps de transport ou d'exode des familles.
La DEPP précise les contraintes méthodologiques actuelles :
Il est donc impossible de simuler un temps de trajet réel ou un algorithme d'optimisation d'implantation d'écoles à partir du domicile des élèves.
Limites des Données Primaire à la DEPP :
├── Adresses élèves non renseignées (Uniquement la commune) ──> Impossible de calculer les temps de transport exacts
└── Répertoire RAMSESE (RPI) en cours de fiabilisation ───────> Impossible de retracer l'historique sur 15 ans
Les évaluations de la DEPP concernant la réduction de la taille des classes (classes dédoublées à 12-13 élèves en REP/REP+) montrent :
À court terme (CP / CE1) : Un effet positif net et mesurable sur les apprentissages fondamentaux par rapport à des écoles hors éducation prioritaire aux caractéristiques sociales comparables (« écoles orphelines »).
À long terme (classe de 6ᵉ) : Les premières études sur la toute première coorte bénéficiaire n'observaient plus d'effet résiduel significatif.
Toutefois, de nouvelles évaluations (prenant en compte le temps d'appropriation des nouvelles pratiques pédagogiques par les enseignants) sont publiées sous embargo.
Sur le long terme, l'enseignement privé sous contrat est moins fortement touché par la baisse démographique que l'enseignement public.
Toutefois, la DEPP indique qu'il est impossible d'établir un lien statistique de cause à effet direct entre la fermeture d'une classe publique et la déscolarisation vers le privé, en raison de la très forte disparité géographique de la présence du privé (de 0 % de scolarisation dans le privé dans la Creuse à plus de 50 % dans la Vendée).
| Indicateur / Thématique | Valeur / Donnée Source | Remarques & Impacts | | --- | --- | --- | | Nombre d'écoles du 1er degré | ~45 000 écoles | Parc national global. | | Écoles de 1 ou 2 classes | 8 181 écoles (rentrée 2025/2026) | Établissements très vulnérables à la baisse démographique. | | Impact variation Fécondité (10 ans) | 400 000 élèves | Écart d'effectifs dans le 1er degré entre les scénarios ICF 1,4 et 1,6. | | Part des élèves en multiniveau | ~50 % (en primaire) | Phénomène généralisé (rural par contrainte, urbain par choix pédagogique). | | Fermetures de classes rurales (2015-2025) | 6 229 classes | Donnée issue des travaux et questions parlementaires. | | Taux de réussite Bac GT | Baisse marginale de \-0,1 point | Conséquence modélisée de la suppression des points de jury. | | Pénétration de l'enseignement privé | De 0 % (Creuse) à \> 50 % (Vendée) | Empêche une généralisation de l'effet d'éviction du public vers le privé. |
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SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_2315049
RRID:AB_2561044
DOI: 10.1111/bph.70677
Resource: (Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 9198, RRID:AB_2561044)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_2561044
RRID:AB_2889893
DOI: 10.1111/bph.70677
Resource: (LSBio (LifeSpan) Cat# LS-B14248, RRID:AB_2889893)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_2889893
RRID:AB_2756824
DOI: 10.1111/bph.70677
Resource: (Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 97166, RRID:AB_2756824)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_2756824
RRID:SCR_026330
DOI: 10.1111/bph.70677
Resource: CLARIOstar Plus (RRID:SCR_026330)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_026330
RRID:SCR_019748
DOI: 10.1111/bph.70677
Resource: BioTek Synergy H1 Hybrid Multi-Mode Microplate Reader (RRID:SCR_019748)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_019748
RRID:AB_330744
DOI: 10.1111/bph.70677
Resource: (Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 9102, RRID:AB_330744)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_330744
RRID:AB_2716761
DOI: 10.1111/bph.70677
Resource: (Abcam Cat# ab181547, RRID:AB_2716761)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_2716761
RRID:AB_572263
DOI: 10.1111/bph.70672
Resource: (ImmunoStar Cat# 20080, RRID:AB_572263)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_572263
RRID:AB_572266
DOI: 10.1111/bph.70672
Resource: (ImmunoStar Cat# 20064, RRID:AB_572266)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_572266
RRID:AB_330248
DOI: 10.1111/bph.70672
Resource: (Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 3671, RRID:AB_330248)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_330248
plasmid_60958
DOI: 10.1101/2025.03.06.641890
Resource: RRID:Addgene_60958
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_60958
Addgene_12259
DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.19.512842
Resource: RRID:Addgene_12259
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12259
Addgene_73797
DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.19.512842
Resource: RRID:Addgene_73797
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_73797
Addgene_89308
DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.19.512842
Resource: RRID:Addgene_89308
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_89308
Addgene_61425
DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.19.512842
Resource: RRID:Addgene_61425
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_61425
Addgene_26429
DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.19.512842
Resource: RRID:Addgene_26429
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_26429
plasmid_85168
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001652
Resource: RRID:Addgene_85168
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_85168
Addgene_52962
DOI: 10.1097/HC9.0000000000000884
Resource: RRID:Addgene_52962
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_52962
RRID:SCR_002798
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202603136R
Resource: GraphPad Prism (RRID:SCR_002798)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_002798
RRID:AB_10700003
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202603136R
Resource: (Proteintech Cat# 20536-1-AP, RRID:AB_10700003)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_10700003
RRID:AB_2881878
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202603136R
Resource: (Proteintech Cat# 66515-1-Ig, RRID:AB_2881878)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_2881878
RRID:SCR_016955
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202603136R
Resource: CIBERSORT (RRID:SCR_016955)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_016955
RRID:AB_2904565
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202603136R
Resource: (Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 72026, RRID:AB_2904565)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_2904565
RRID:SCR_015530
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202603136R
Resource: HISAT2 (RRID:SCR_015530)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_015530
RRID:AB_11129103
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202603136R
Resource: (Abcam Cat# ab124964, RRID:AB_11129103)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_11129103
RRID:SCR_003070
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202603136R
Resource: ImageJ (RRID:SCR_003070)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_003070
RRID:AB_3713237
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202603136R
Resource: RRID:AB_3713237
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_3713237
RRID:AB_10715248
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202603136R
Resource: (Abcam Cat# ab101688, RRID:AB_10715248)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_10715248
RRID:AB_627556
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202603136R
Resource: (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc-8005, RRID:AB_627556)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_627556
RRID:SCR_015687
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202603136R
Resource: DESeq2 (RRID:SCR_015687)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_015687
RRID:SCR_016884
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202603136R
Resource: clusterProfiler (RRID:SCR_016884)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_016884
RRID:SCR_012919
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202603136R
Resource: featureCounts (RRID:SCR_012919)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_012919
plasmid_48257
DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaf121
Resource: RRID:Addgene_48257
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_48257
Plasmid_119816
DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdag037
Resource: RRID:Addgene_119816
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_119816
Plasmid_8453
DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdag037
Resource: RRID:Addgene_8453
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_8453
Addgene_72830
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag199
Resource: RRID:Addgene_72830
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_72830
plasmid_42230
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag199
Resource: RRID:Addgene_42230
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_42230
Addgene_183938
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag168
Resource: RRID:Addgene_183938
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_183938
Addgene_108570
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag168
Resource: RRID:Addgene_108570
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_108570
Addgene_27119
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag168
Resource: RRID:Addgene_27119
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_27119
Addgene_97421
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag168
Resource: RRID:Addgene_97421
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_97421
Addgene_39238
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag168
Resource: RRID:Addgene_39238
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_39238
Addgene_48139
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag168
Resource: RRID:Addgene_48139
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_48139
Addgene_68214
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag045
Resource: RRID:Addgene_68214
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_68214
plasmid_8996
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag037
Resource: RRID:Addgene_8996
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_8996
plasmid_85167
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag037
Resource: RRID:Addgene_85167
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_85167
plasmid_124617
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag037
Resource: RRID:Addgene_124617
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_124617
plasmid_19319
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag027
Resource: RRID:Addgene_19319
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_19319
Addgene_62988
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag027
Resource: RRID:Addgene_62988
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_62988
Addgene_48138
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag027
Resource: RRID:Addgene_48138
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_48138
plasmid_12259
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag027
Resource: RRID:Addgene_12259
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12259
plasmid_12260
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag027
Resource: RRID:Addgene_12260
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12260
Addgene_183827
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag020
Resource: RRID:Addgene_183827
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_183827
plasmid_164802
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkag020
Resource: RRID:Addgene_164802
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_164802
Addgene_50946
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaf1493
Resource: RRID:Addgene_50946
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_50946
Addgene_70182
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaf1493
Resource: RRID:Addgene_70182
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_70182
RRID:Addgene_12260
DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcag027
Resource: RRID:Addgene_12260
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12260
RRID:Addgene_12259
DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcag027
Resource: RRID:Addgene_12259
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12259
RRID:Addgene_125839
DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcag027
Resource: RRID:Addgene_125839
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_125839
RRID:SCR_028269
DOI: 10.1093/najfmt/vqag069
Resource: RRID:SCR_028269
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_028269
Plasmid_17870
DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaf028
Resource: RRID:Addgene_17870
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_17870
Addgene_206810
DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqag006
Resource: RRID:Addgene_206810
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_206810
Plasmid_161001
DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E25-09-0468
Resource: RRID:Addgene_161001
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_161001
Plasmid_12259
DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E25-09-0468
Resource: RRID:Addgene_12259
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12259
Plasmid_12260
DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E25-09-0468
Resource: RRID:Addgene_12260
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12260
Plasmid_161002
DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E25-09-0468
Resource: RRID:Addgene_161002
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_161002
Plasmid_45461
DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E25-09-0468
Resource: RRID:Addgene_45461
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_45461
Plasmid_173870
DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E25-09-0468
Resource: RRID:Addgene_173870
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_173870
Plasmid_176099
DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E25-09-0468
Resource: RRID:Addgene_176099
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_176099
Plasmid_62988
DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E25-09-0468
Resource: RRID:Addgene_62988
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_62988
Plasmid_25999
DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E25-09-0468
Resource: RRID:Addgene_25999
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_25999
Plasmid_68026
DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E25-09-0468
Resource: RRID:Addgene_68026
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_68026
Plasmid_16403
DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E25-09-0468
Resource: RRID:Addgene_16403
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_16403
Addgene_73042
DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202507116
Resource: RRID:Addgene_73042
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_73042
plasmid_133311
DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202502087
Resource: RRID:Addgene_133311
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_133311
Addgene_45326
DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2026.2633810
Resource: RRID:Addgene_45326
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_45326
RRID:SCR_019197
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2607106123
Resource: University of Chicago Integrated Light Microscopy Core Facility (RRID:SCR_019197)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_019197
CVCL_0336
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2525865123
Resource: (KCB Cat# KCB 200970YJ, RRID:CVCL_0336)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:CVCL_0336
plasmid_80925
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2513222123
Resource: RRID:Addgene_80925
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_80925
Addgene_37846
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2512031123
Resource: RRID:Addgene_37846
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_37846
AB_2534102
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2512031123
Resource: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# A-11055, RRID:AB_2534102)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_2534102
AB_218182
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2512031123
Resource: (Rockland Cat# 600-101-215, RRID:AB_218182)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_218182
RRID:Addgene_166689
DOI: 10.1039/d6lp00114a
Resource: RRID:Addgene_166689
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_166689
RRID:Addgene_89707
DOI: 10.1039/d6lp00114a
Resource: RRID:Addgene_89707
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_89707
Addgene_137177
DOI: 10.1038/s44321-026-00433-5
Resource: RRID:Addgene_137177
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_137177
Addgene_136300
DOI: 10.1038/s44321-026-00433-5
Resource: RRID:Addgene_136300
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_136300
Plasmid_187585
DOI: 10.1038/s44319-026-00704-9
Resource: RRID:Addgene_187585
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_187585
plasmid_21836
DOI: 10.1038/s44319-026-00694-8
Resource: RRID:Addgene_21836
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_21836
plasmid_48138
DOI: 10.1038/s44319-026-00694-8
Resource: RRID:Addgene_48138
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_48138
RRID:SCR_022381
DOI: 10.1038/s44161-026-00881-9
Resource: University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Metabolomics Core Facility (RRID:SCR_022381)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_022381
RRID:SCR_018361
DOI: 10.1038/s43587-026-01225-9
Resource: Biorender (RRID:SCR_018361)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_018361
RRID:AB_627598
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-026-11023-z
Resource: (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc-8422, RRID:AB_627598)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_627598
RRID:AB_305869
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-026-11023-z
Resource: (Abcam Cat# ab7349, RRID:AB_305869)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_305869
RRID:AB_882426
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-026-11023-z
Resource: (Abcam Cat# ab52642, RRID:AB_882426)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_882426
RRID:AB_2340683
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-026-11023-z
Resource: (Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs Cat# 712-545-150, RRID:AB_2340683)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_2340683
RRID:AB_2492288
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-026-11023-z
Resource: (Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs Cat# 711-605-152, RRID:AB_2492288)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_2492288
RRID:AB_10844002
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-026-11023-z
Resource: (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc-365692, RRID:AB_10844002)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_10844002
RRID:AB_2315777
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-026-11023-z
Resource: (Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs Cat# 715-165-151, RRID:AB_2315777)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_2315777
plasmid_11680
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-026-09637-4
Resource: RRID:Addgene_11680
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_11680
Addgene_205482
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-026-09624-9
Resource: RRID:Addgene_205482
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_205482
更早的 JDK 6 则把驻留字符串放在永久代中
It is very unclear, String will be stored in PermGen in JDK 6, but PermGen is one part of Heap memory too.
So, whenever String objects will be stored in Heap.
plasmid_38141
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-025-09501-x
Resource: RRID:Addgene_38141
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_38141
RRID:CVCL_0P38
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-73341-w
Resource: (RRID:CVCL_0P38)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:CVCL_0P38
RRID:CVCL_0045
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-73341-w
Resource: (DSMZ Cat# ACC-305, RRID:CVCL_0045)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:CVCL_0045
RRID:CVCL_0480
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-73341-w
Resource: (ECACC Cat# 87092802, RRID:CVCL_0480)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:CVCL_0480
plasmid_113724
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-49055-4
Resource: RRID:Addgene_113724
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_113724
plasmid_73014
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-49055-4
Resource: RRID:Addgene_73014
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_73014
plasmid_80348
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-49055-4
Resource: RRID:Addgene_80348
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_80348
plasmid_8454
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-49055-4
Resource: RRID:Addgene_8454
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_8454
plasmid_12260
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-49055-4
Resource: RRID:Addgene_12260
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12260
plasmid_58215
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-38928-3
Resource: RRID:Addgene_58215
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_58215
plasmid_58219
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-38928-3
Resource: RRID:Addgene_58219
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_58219
plasmid_164108
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-38928-3
Resource: RRID:Addgene_164108
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_164108
plasmid_164107
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-38928-3
Resource: RRID:Addgene_164107
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_164107
Plasmid_10878
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-38928-3
Resource: RRID:Addgene_10878
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_10878
RRID:SCR_019198
DOI: 10.1038/s41594-026-01889-2
Resource: University of Chicago Advanced Electron Microscopy Core Facility (RRID:SCR_019198)
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_019198
Addgene_50477
DOI: 10.1038/s41593-026-02224-0
Resource: RRID:Addgene_50477
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_50477
Addgene_100837
DOI: 10.1038/s41593-026-02224-0
Resource: RRID:Addgene_100837
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_100837
RRID:SCR_027537
DOI: 10.1038/s41590-026-02668-3
Resource: RRID:SCR_027537
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_027537
RRID:Addgene_12260
DOI: 10.1038/s41588-026-02768-8
Resource: RRID:Addgene_12260
Curator: @scibot
SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12260