10,886 Matching Annotations
  1. Jan 2022
    1. allow

      allows

    2. Precidion

      Precision

    3. one from within the application itself, such as the Command Editor in Final Cut Pro

      this is different from a "help", right? More of a preference, in terms of shortcuts.

    4. The Command Editor in Final Cut Pro. Notice the search field in the upper, right-hand corner, the one with a magnifying glass, where you can type in a query for the editing operation you’re looking for. It also displays a full keyboard with all the various keyboard combinations, and is color cued as well, grouping similar types of moves. Three columns on the bottom, divide the information into the color-cued editing commands, actual editing commands with their keyboard shortcuts, and use of the special Macintosh modifier keys (Shift, Control, Option and Command). In Final Cut Pro’s case, in the upper left-hand corner, it also allows you to switch between the ‘Default, application’ system, to one of your own devising.

      remove bold

    5. rendering

      I think you have to explain rendering within the text itself.

    6. and is

      remove

    7. add comma

    8. timesaving

      add space

    9. see-saw effect between the two clips

      see-saw effect IS ONLY between... suggested for clarity

    10. yellow

      remove (since you state this next)

    11. fine tuned

      fine-tuned

    12. throw

      how about "leave away" so as not to encourage students to delete shots?

    13. tweeking

      tweaking

    1. The first, really fun part of editing is the rough assembly, where, after you’ve finished the more tedious process of viewing and organizing your source clips, you can abandon yourself into throwing those clips into your story timeline, helter skelter, in all kinds of ways, moving them around using the software’s navigational rules, and just playing, to see how they look, sound and feel together, for the most impactful way to tell your story.

      nice

    2. And, just like learning to play the violin, the music will come after you know your way around the ‘violin bow and fingerboard.’

      wonderful analogy!

    3. tweeked

      tweaked

    4. fields

      lists?

    5. or not

      Or lack thereof?

    6. even

      also?

    1. Intra frame

      Capitalize and spell together for consistency

    2. to12

      add space

    3. This works by eliminating and re-using information from neighboring frames, when there is no change from frame to frame, and thus is able to save a great deal of storage space and record very efficiently.

      good explanation

    4. fewpercentage

      add space

    5. theappropriate

      add space

    6. itsmaller,

      add space

    7. optimizing for the edit.

      maybe put in bold as terminology

    8. ‘Transcoding

      lower case and either use quotation marks on the full word for none at all

    9. ,

      remove

    10. clearpicture

      add space

    11. yet

      replace with "still"

    12. .

      add space

    13. size

      sized

    14. Inthe

      add space

    15. the edit resource files

      please clarify

    16. and

      remove bold

    17. andsound

      add space

    1. Platforms Editing Applications: FCP, Premiere, DaVinci Resolve, Motion, Compressor, Audition, etc. Bandwidth Frame Rates/sizes

      are these notes from the outline still to be addresssed?

    2. choicefor

      add space

    3. So how do you decide how much storage/speed you need?

      this "might" be an interesting link to include here: https://www.digitalrebellion.com/webapps/videocalc

    4. older USB2 drives

      I suggest you add the bandwidth of usb2.0 (approx. 57 MB/s)

    5. tothe

      add space

    6. **[? should I go into detail about the different levels of RAIDs as in directly below, or go with the more general explanation in the next paragraph?]**

      I suggest the general approach in the following paragraph

    7. smaller disks

      replace with hard drives or similar

    8. smaller graphics cards can't cope

      The main purpose of RAID is to increase the data bandwidth for processing in general. I would remove the reference to graphic cards here.

    9. So you must always plan to have enough storage real estate to accommodate the size of your editing project

      I think you should combine this important statement with the one at the end of this section: "Since hard drives slow down as they fill up, you should also be adding a minimum of 20% to the amount of storage needed." to raise awareness of the need for extra storage for render, etc. files.

    10. New terminology Camera Archives

      Do you want to add learning objectives to the top here?

    11. ll

      remove

    12. much

      I would remove "much". They are at most 2x as expensive.

    13. if

      is

    1. The convention or style should give you all that info in its name or title.

      How about an example here?

    2. thatthe

      add space

    3. knows just how to make a film look good, using the language and grammar of the film elements that speak to the viewer and evoke emotional responses and reactions.

      great sentence!

    4. badeditor

      add space

    5. Use DLT (Digital Linear Tape) and rewind the tape - don't leave it in the middle somewhere, to be exposed to dust, dampness, smoke, etc.

      I'd recommend looking into "LTO" tape vs. DLT.... Richard Lackey quotes: Archive The best solution for long term archival of data are LTO tapes. With an expected lifetime of over 20 years LTO will outlast and outperform any hard drive or solid state storage technology. I discuss LTO in more detail in the disaster recovery section.

      https://www.richardlackey.com/best-storage-video-editing-post-workflow-backups/#Direct_Attached_Video_Storage_and_USB_Hard_Drive_or_LTO_Backup

    6. becomeobsolete

      add space

    7. orportfolio

      space

    8.  two copies

      two backup copies

    9. ,

      delete

    10. more expense

      more expensive? more expenses?

    11. NVIDIA, AMD Radion, BlackMagic Design and Lenovo

      I suggest proposing only the names " Nvidia" and "AMD" as companies that make graphic cards. Possibly add "Intel".

      I would suggest to remove "Radion" (I believe you are referencing the "Radeon" line of cards by AMD.

      Also BlackMagic Design does not produce, I believe, graphic cards.

      Lenovo seems to but I would also remove as I have never heard of these used in video editing.

    12. s

      delete "s"

    13. theirentire

      space

    14. They

      I would suggest stating.... Editor usually start as ASSISTANT EDITORS..... (for clarity)

    15. mojo

      maybe with quotes, "mojo" or something more common like 'experience'

    16. audio footage

      Maybe use video and audio "recordings" ? audio footage doesn't sound right to me.

    17. (Illustr of tribal storytellers)

      Great idea. Looking forward to this image. I did a (not so) quick search and found this CC image - if of interest: https://www.flickr.com/photos/33542052@N07/5968998150

    18. - your choice of editing software

      suggested: ...or your choice of editing software. The various software....

    19. how

      delete? (optional)

    20. notthe

      not the

    21. Create separate sentences vs using hyphenation

    22. Remove or create a #4

    1. primary metabolites,

      Primary metabolites are considered essential to microorganisms for proper growth.

      Secondary metabolites do not play a role in growth, development, and reproduction, and are formed during the end or near the stationary phase of growth.

  2. Dec 2021
    1. Photosystems consist of a light-harvesting complex and a reaction center. Pigments in the light-harvesting complex pass light energy to two special chlorophyll a molecules in the reaction center. The light excites an electron from the chlorophyll a pair, which passes to the primary electron acceptor. The excited electron must then be replaced. In photosystem II, the electron comes from the splitting of water, which releases oxygen as a waste product. In photosystem I, the electron comes from the chloroplast electron transport chain.

      Photosystem 2 focuses on ATP and hydrolysis while photosystem 1 focuses on the synthesis of NADPH. Shortly after the light harvesting complex receives the light, it passes the energy to two special chlorophyll in the reaction center. The light excites an electron from the chlorophyll which then passes to the primary electron acceptor. Due to the electrons need to be replaced, photosystem 2 occurs when the synthesis of ATP and hydrolysis happen in order to get an electron. Then photosystem 1 makes an electron from the electron transport train in the chloroplast.

    1. The keywords “at least” mean we could have two, three, or four blue balls. There are

      The example contains text: "Assume that balls of the same color are indistinguishable". Also it seems their order does not matter. So I would say this are all the possible solutions: BBRR BBRG BBGG BBBR BBBG BBBB where: B - blue ball R - red ball G - green ball

    2. nine

      Zero should also be included, so that would be 10 digits.

    1. only about 1% of carbon atoms are C-13. These are the only ones picked up by this form of NMR. If you had a single molecule of ethanol, then the chances are only about 1 in 50 of there being one C-13 atom in it, and only about 1 in 10,000 of both being C-13. But you have got to remember that you will be working with a sample containing huge numbers of molecules. The instrument can pick up the magnetic effect of the C-13 nuclei in the carbon of the CH3 group and the carbon of the CH2 group even if they are in separate molecules. There's no need for them to be in the same one.

      the author believe that even though the percentage of C-13 is low, but its NMR signal can be captured.

    2. About 1% of all carbon atoms are the C-13 isotope

      So 13C NMR do not need to use C-13 for synthesis?

    1. ass membrane pH electrodes often are available in a combination form that includes both the indicator electrode and the reference electrode

      elettrodo combinato

    1. depend on

      have hard shells

    2. oxygen

      oxygen.

    3. breeze

      breezes

    4. Earth.

      the earth?

    5. to earth

      to the earth?

    6. (By statistics on health impacts? Species extinction? Economic disruptions?) and how you will gauge the emotional appeal (By the popularity of past memes and documentaries and campaigns on the issue? By its connection to popular leisure activities? By how relatable it i

      I am not sure if you need to capitalize each one of these. Is there a rule? Otherwise, it doesn't seem quite right to me. Lower case?

    7. species such as elephants and whales,

      Even better.....

      species (elephants and whales, for instance) become symbols of....

    8. such groups to focus on

      to an environmental group or journalist and explain your choice.

    9. species such

      species, such as elephants and whales,

    10. for humans

      on humans

    1. which comes out

      which one comes out

    2. across four categories:

      across four categories under the umbrella of inclusiveness in the film industry:

    3. The

      These

    4. or

      i.e.

    5. as criteria

      as a criteria?

    6. to help it decide

      to help decide

    7. The FDA considers

      They consider the results...

    8. will ended to see

      will research how it performs...

    9. For example, the criteria for the quality of the

      For example, criteria for special effects....

    10. or moral judgements based on values.

      or on moral judgements based on values.

    11. or

      Or, they may center on

    12. (a movie, a work of art, or a building),

      don't think you need parenthesis, but there should be a period. Too much info for a three part answer in one sentence.

    13. and background

      and her background

    14. praise describe

      I'd choose describe

    15. finding

      I think you can delete this. The sentence reads find without it and there are several "findings" previously.

    16. as

      as a...

    17. Evaluation arguments usually need to define and justify the criteria they use to make the evaluation. These criteria may consist of moral standards, aesthetic standards, or tests of successful functioning. Depending on how controversial the criteria are, the argument may need to defend and explain why they have been chosen. How can we support our choice of criteria? We may cite precedent or the authoritative sources in the field, or we may discuss the merit of the criteria in themselves by arguing for the good results they lead to and aligning them with values we believe our audience will share.

      perfect!

    18. Most commonly, evaluation arguments rate their subject on a scale from positive to negative.

      I think this should go at the end of the paragraph.

    1. ˙i⋅(∂r˙i∂qj)

      This is justified by 13.4.9, but I think it would be clearer to leave this here in the d/dt form of the previous equation and then proceed to 13.4.10 after 13.4.9

    1. blood pressure (in capillaries near the arteriole end) forces plasma and nutrients out of capillaries

    2. albumin

      protein made by liver that keeps fluids in their compartments in the body

    3. IF

      interstitial fluid/tissue fluid

    4. interstitial fluid + plasma = extracellular fluid

      interstitial fluid = tissue fluid (Washes tissues , cells)

    1. If the valence shell of an atom is less than half full, it requires less energy to lose an electron than to gain one.

      If an atom has more electrons it is more likely to gain more electrons than lose electron because the electron to electron bond is super strong, and vice versa.

    1. Starting with the first nonzero digit on the left, count this digit and all remaining digits to the right. This is the number of significant figures in the measurement unless the last digit is a trailing zero lying to the left of the decimal point.

      I think using arrows and explanations as pictures would surely make audience clearer about this rule. Words and pictures are two well-associated modes here.

    2. We will use the terms “leading,” “trailing,” and “captive” for the zeros and will consider how to deal with them.

      leading zeros are before a nonzero and trailing after, so 0.0001 has 3 leading zeros and no trailing zero, thus having one significant digit

    1. as the edge of a forest, an island, a shoreline, or some other pronounced physical characteristic

      It seems like it is difficult to understands the nature of the location of each ecosystem through the food web. The connection of the energy loop is clear but the boundary relationships to the patterns is not portrayed through the web.

    2. zero

      If the base is set at zero, does that also mean that there is no energy stored at this level?

  3. Nov 2021
    1. Triacylglycerols control the body’s internal climate with the goal of maintaining constant temperature. Those who don’t have enough fat in their bodies tend to feel cold sooner. Triacylglycerols also help the body produce and regulate hormones. For example, adipose tissue secretes the hormone leptin, which regulates appetite. In the reproductive system, fatty acids are required for proper reproductive health; women who lack proper amounts may stop menstruating and become infertile. Omega-3 and omega-6 essential fatty acids help regulate cholesterol and blood clotting and control inflammation in the joints, tissues, and bloodstream.

      Hormone regulation

    1. heterogeneous

      There are two different mixtures. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous.

    1. The point of inflection (located at the midpoint of the vertical part of the curve) is the equivalence point for the titration. It indicates when equivalent quantities of acid and base are present. For the titration of a strong acid with a strong base, the equivalence point occurs at a pH of 7.00 and the points on the titration curve can be calculated using solution stoichiometry (Table 6.2.16.2.1\PageIndex{1} and Figure 6.2.16.2.1\PageIndex{1}).

      The point of inflection is basically the mid-point of the titration. It shows when acid and base are equally present. Strong-acid + strong-base would have a pH of 7.00.

    1. where pKa is the negative of the common logarithm of the ionization constant of the weak acid (pKa = −log Ka). This equation relates the pH, the ionization constant of a weak acid, and the concentrations of the weak acid and its salt in a buffered solution. Scientists often use this expression, called the Henderson-Hasselbalch approximation, to calculate the pH of buffer solutions. It is important to note that the “x is small” assumption must be valid to use this equation.

      pKa = -log Ka, it relates to pH, ionization constant, and concentrations of weak acid and the salt in buffered solution. Expression called Henderson-Hasselbalch approximation to calculate the pH of buffer solutions. (x is small to be valid in this equation).

    2. Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant (Figure 6.1.36.1.3\PageIndex{3}). If we add so much base to a buffer that the weak acid is exhausted, no more buffering action toward the base is possible. On the other hand, if we add an excess of acid, the weak base would be exhausted, and no more buffering action toward any additional acid would be possible. In fact, we do not even need to exhaust all of the acid or base in a buffer to overwhelm it; its buffering action will diminish rapidly as a given component nears depletion.

      Buffers have limited capacity in order to keep pH constant. Adding base = acid is exhausted + no more buffering action to base Adding acid = base is exhausted + no more buffering to acid,

      (We only just need to overwhelm it. Not to exhaust the solution fully. Buffer action will be gone fast while component will go though completion)

    1. For example, an online fandom and a real-world fan club are both made up of people who are geographically separated but share a common interest. If a fan club were to “go online,” networked communication platforms might make the experience better than it was in the physical world. Before the advent of the internet, most fan clubs produced a newsletter, offered connections with pen pals, and provided early opportunities to buy tickets and merchandise. Online, fans can create deeper relationships with one another. They can connect and communicate on official channels or make their own unofficial groups where they need not communicate through a central authority or gatekeeper. Fan and star interactions can be direct, one-on-one interactions on multiple social media channels. There may be an official, organized fan group, but many other avenues can appear on relatively open platforms with few rules.

    1. Environmental Science Normal rainwater has a pH between 5 and 6 due to the presence of dissolved CO2 which forms carbonic acid: H2O(l)+CO2(g)⟶H2CO3(aq)(5.2.12)(5.2.12)H2O(l)+CO2(g)⟶H2CO3(aq)\ce{H2O (l) + CO2(g) ⟶ H2CO3(aq)} \label{14} H2CO3(aq)⇌H+(aq)+HCO−3(aq)(5.2.13)(5.2.13)H2CO3(aq)⇌H+(aq)+HCO3−(aq)\ce{H2CO3(aq) \rightleftharpoons H^+(aq) + HCO3^- (aq)} \label{15} Acid rain is rainwater that has a pH of less than 5, due to a variety of nonmetal oxides, including CO2, SO2, SO3, NO, and NO2 being dissolved in the water and reacting with it to form not only carbonic acid, but sulfuric acid and nitric acid. The formation and subsequent ionization of sulfuric acid are shown here: H2O(l)+SO3(g)⟶H2SO4(aq)(5.2.14)(5.2.14)H2O(l)+SO3(g)⟶H2SO4(aq)\ce{H2O (l) + SO3(g) ⟶ H2SO4(aq)} \label{16} H2SO4(aq)⟶H+(aq)+HSO−4(aq)(5.2.15)(5.2.15)H2SO4(aq)⟶H+(aq)+HSO4−(aq)\ce{H2SO4(aq) ⟶ H^+(aq) + HSO4^- (aq)} \label{17} Carbon dioxide is naturally present in the atmosphere because we and most other organisms produce it as a waste product of metabolism. Carbon dioxide is also formed when fires release carbon stored in vegetation or when we burn wood or fossil fuels. Sulfur trioxide in the atmosphere is naturally produced by volcanic activity, but it also stems from burning fossil fuels, which have traces of sulfur, and from the process of “roasting” ores of metal sulfides in metal-refining processes. Oxides of nitrogen are formed in internal combustion engines where the high temperatures make it possible for the nitrogen and oxygen in air to chemically combine. Acid rain is a particular problem in industrial areas where the products of combustion and smelting are released into the air without being stripped of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In North America and Europe until the 1980s, it was responsible for the destruction of forests and freshwater lakes, when the acidity of the rain actually killed trees, damaged soil, and made lakes uninhabitable for all but the most acid-tolerant species. Acid rain also corrodes statuary and building facades that are made of marble and limestone (Figure 5.2.25.2.2\PageIndex{2}). Regulations limiting the amount of sulfur and nitrogen oxides that can be released into the atmosphere by industry and automobiles have reduced the severity of acid damage to both natural and manmade environments in North America and Europe. It is now a growing problem in industrial areas of China and India.

      This is about environmental science and so this is an example of what in the environment is going with pH and pOH. Basically consisting rain water,

    2. In figure 5.2.1 has a good diagram. Also on top there is a good table to look for classification between acidic, neutral and basic.

    3. And so, at this temperature, acidic solutions are those with hydronium ion molarities greater than 1.0×10−7M1.0×10−7M 1.0 \times 10^{-7}\; M and hydroxide ion molarities less than 1.0×10−7M1.0×10−7M 1.0 \times 10^{-7}\; M (corresponding to pH values less than 7.00 and pOH values greater than 7.00). Basic solutions are those with hydronium ion molarities less than 1.0×10−7M1.0×10−7M 1.0 \times 10^{-7}\; M and hydroxide ion molarities greater than 1.0×10−7M1.0×10−7M 1.0 \times 10^{-7}\; M (corresponding to pH values greater than 7.00 and pOH values less than 7.00).

      [H3O] < 1.00 x 10-7 and [OH] > 1.00 x 10-7 are basic solutions (pH more than 7.00 and pOH less than 7.00). [H3O] > 1.00 x 10-7 and [OH] < 1.00 x 10-7 are acidic solutions (pH are less than 7.00 and pOH are more than 7.00)

    4. The hydronium ion molarity in pure water (or any neutral solution) is 1.0×10−7M1.0×10−7M 1.0 \times 10^{-7}\; M at 25 °C. The pH and pOH of a neutral solution at this temperature are therefore:

      hydronium molarity in pure water (or any neutral solution): 1.0 x 10^-7 M at 25 degrees. The pH and the pOH at that temperature would be: pH = -log[H3O] = -log(1.0 x 10^-7) = 7.00 and pOH = -log[OH] = -log(1.0 x 10^7) = 7.00

    5. Finally, the relation between these two ion concentration expressed as p-functions is easily derived from the KwKwK_w expression:

      Kw expressions:

      Kw = [H3O][OH], -log Kw = -log([H3O][OH]) = -log[H3O] + -log[OH], and pKw = pH + pOH

    6. or

      Changing pOH to [OH] ion: [OH] = 10^-pOH

    7. Likewise, the hydroxide ion molarity may be expressed as a p-function, or pOH:

      Finding pOH: pOH = -log[OH]

    8. Rearranging this equation to isolate the hydronium ion molarity yields the equivalent expression:

      pH to hydronium ion: 10^-pH

    9. The pH of a solution is therefore defined as shown here, where [H3O+] is the molar concentration of hydronium ion in the solution:

      molar concentration of hydronium ion in the solution: pH = -log[H3O]

    10. A common means of expressing quantities, the values of which may span many orders of magnitude, is to use a logarithmic scale. One such scale that is very popular for chemical concentrations and equilibrium constants is based on the p-function, defined as shown where “X” is the quantity of interest and “log” is the base-10 logarithm:

      pX = -log X

      This is very popular for chemical concentrations and equilibrium constants that are based of the p-function. X would be the quantity of interests and it is with "log" base 10.

    1. This type of reaction, in which a substance ionizes when one molecule of the substance reacts with another molecule of the same substance, is referred to as autoionization. Pure water undergoes autoionization to a very slight extent. Only about two out of every 10910910^9 molecules in a sample of pure water are ionized at 25 °C.

      autoionization - when a substance ionizes both of the same molecules of a substance react together. ex.) pure water would autoionize to a slight extent.

      Fact: Only about two of every 10^8 molecule would autoionize at 25 degrees.

    2. Like water, many molecules and ions may either gain or lose a proton under the appropriate conditions. Such species are said to be amphiprotic.

      Amphitrophic species are able to gain or lose a proton in appropriate conditions.

    3. Another term used to describe such species is amphoteric, which is a more general term for a species that may act either as an acid or a base by any definition (not just the Brønsted-Lowry one).

      Amphoteric: the general term of a species that can act as a base or an acid. (This also includes Bronsted-Lowry)

    1. Exercise 7.1.17.1.1\PageIndex{1}: The Shielding of valence p Electrons of Bromine Atoms What is the shielding constant experienced by a valence p-electron in the bromine atom? Answer S=2+8+8×0.85+10+4×0.35=28.20S=2+8+8×0.85+10+4×0.35=28.20

      WRONG

    1. How are attitudes to gender changing in today’s society?

      How are attitudes, such as to the concept of gender, changing in today's society?

      (I am trying here to avoid the problem of the reader thinking you are talking about attitudes towards "gender changing."

    2. For example, many young peopl

      For example, take the term "true parental love." Many young peope believe that this phrase means the willingness to do.......However, an author might define it differently. He may say that "true parental love" is not expressed by doormat behavior. A parent who does his child's homework so the child receives all "A" grades isn't demonstrating love {note the use of negation here}. Rather, true parental love is the willingness to apply fair rules and limits on behavior in order to raise a child who is a good worker, a good friend, and a good citizen.

    3. Creating an original definition (stipulation)

      Does stipulation mean creating an original definition? I never heard that.

    4. In an article about sexual predators

      As another example, in an article......

    5. but needs are anything

      but the concept of "needs" is particular to anything necessary for survival.

    6. through the numerous illustrations.

      in this same way.

    7. passionate love, self-love, and even more specific ones, such as spirituality, philanthropy, humanity, nationalism/patriotism, and agapé, and each carries its own emotional tone which informs the definition.

      passionate love and self love. It may have even more specific connotations when used within such fields of study as spirituality, philanthropy, humanity, nationalism, and patriotism. (I don't see agape fitting in with these, myself) Within each of these areas, "love" takes on a different emotional tone which, then, refines its definition.

    8. yet, such speech is exactly the challenge these students need to pull them away from their social media feeds and engage them in the vigorous mental workout that academia provides,

      for your purpose, you may not need this extra complication. You could just say, "If an argument takes the position that reduced literacy rates in freshman college students makes them less apt to learn from a professor who leans toward sesquipedalian speech, the author is more likely to earn the trust of the audience if a dictionary definition is provided for this uncommon and archaic word, i.e., "sesquipedalian"--- words that are a foot and a half long (O.E.D.).

    9. words

      that is, a word which....

    10. extends

      influences

    11. new or very unusual or uncommon

      new, unusual, or uncommon

    12. or "infamous,"

      or, conversely, "infamous," a term that has decided.....