- May 2024
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pressbooks.howardcc.edu pressbooks.howardcc.edu
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Government responses to a social movement may also cause the movement to decline. The government may “co-opt” a movement by granting it small, mostly symbolic concessions that reduce people’s discontent but leave largely intact the conditions that originally motivated their activism. If their discontent declines, the movement will decline even though these conditions have not changed. Movements also may decline because of government repression. Authoritarian governments may effectively repress movements by arbitrarily arresting activists, beating them up, or even shooting them when they protest (Earl, 2006). Democratic governments are less violent in their response to protest, but their arrest and prosecution of activists may still serve a repressive function by imposing huge legal expenses on a social movement and frightening activists and sympathizers who may not wish to risk arrest and imprisonment.
slide 12
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The Life Cycle of Social Movements Although the many past and present social movements around the world differ from each other in many ways, they all generally go through a life cycle marked by several stages that have long been recognized (Blumer, 1969). Stage 1 is emergence. This is the stage when social movements begin for one or more of the reasons indicated in the previous section. Stage 2 is coalescence. At this stage a movement and its leaders must decide how they will recruit new members and they must determine the strategies they will use to achieve their goals. They also may use the news media to win favorable publicity and to convince the public of the justness of their cause. Stage 3 is institutionalization or bureaucratization. As a movement grows, it often tends to become bureaucratized, as paid leaders and a paid staff replace the volunteers that began the movement. It also means that clear lines of authority develop, as they do in any bureaucracy. More attention is also devoted to fund-raising. As movement organizations bureaucratize, they may well reduce their effectiveness by turning from the disruptive activities that succeeded in the movement’s earlier stages to more conventional activity by working within the system instead of outside it (Piven & Cloward, 1979). At the same time, if movements do not bureaucratize to at least some degree, they may lose their focus and not have enough money to keep on going. Stage 4 is the decline of a social movement. Social movements eventually decline for one or more of many reasons. Sometimes they achieve their goals and naturally cease because there is no more reason to continue. More often, however, they decline because they fail. Both the lack of money and loss of enthusiasm among a movement’s members may lead to a movement’s decline, and so might factionalism, or strong divisions of opinion within a movement.
slide 7-11
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- Jan 2024
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Durch Lecks, aus denen Methan austritt, ist die Klimawirkung von Erdgas, vor allem LNG, nicht geringer als die von Kohle. Zu diesem Ergebnis kommt eine neue Studie. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/13/climate/natural-gas-leaks-coal-climate-change.html
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- Feb 2022
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STLC - Software Testing Life Cycle
Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC) is defined as a set of activities performed to perform software testing. The Software Testing Life Cycle refers to a testing process with specific steps that must be performed in a specific order to ensure that quality objectives are met.
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- Nov 2021
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deepblue.lib.umich.edu deepblue.lib.umich.edu
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"The Guide to Social Science Data Preparation and Archiving is aimed at those engaged in the cycle of research, from applying for a research grant, through the data collection phase, and ultimately to preparation of the data for deposit in a public archive: " from tweet
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journals.sagepub.com journals.sagepub.com
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Kovacs, M., Hoekstra, R., & Aczel, B. (2021). The Role of Human Fallibility in Psychological Research: A Survey of Mistakes in Data Management. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 4(4), 25152459211045930. https://doi.org/10.1177/25152459211045930
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- Feb 2021
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Aczel, Balazs, Marton Kovacs, and Rink Hoekstra. ‘The Role of Human Fallibility in Psychological Research: A Survey of Mistakes in Data Management’. PsyArXiv, 5 November 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/xcykz.
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- Dec 2020
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personalization-higher-education personalization-higher-education
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ngaging with Students from Admissions to Alumni Digital Counselor Overview
Tags
Annotators
URL
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- Nov 2017
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hw-f5-neoreviews.highwire.org hw-f5-neoreviews.highwire.org
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Toxoplasmosis is caused by the obligate intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Its life cycle consists of 3 forms, including an oocyst, a tissue cyst, and an active (proliferative) form.
See also: CDC- Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis
Source of Infection in humans:
- Eating under cooked meat of animals harboring tissue cysts
- Consuming food or water contaminated with cat feces or by contaminated environmental samples (such as fecal-contaminated soil or changing the litter box of a pet cat)
- Blood transfusion or organ transplantation
- Transplacentally from mother to fetus
Sources of T. gondi infection
Life cycle of T. gondi
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- Oct 2016
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teaching.lfhanley.net teaching.lfhanley.net
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He who was living is now dead We who were living are now dying
These two lines indicate that the wheels are always turning. The circle of life. The only thing constant is change!
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