4

2

1

4

2

4

3-4

4-6

I wouldn't say that I'm confident, but I'll try my best.

Probably the work and staying committed. With life going different directions just makes it hard on some people like me.

I'm actually not sure I think about 4-5.

I plan to be in college for as long as I need to be! In order to get to the point that I want to be in.

New media really shapes how we show ourselves and interact with people these days. It helps us stay connected and find groups that share our interests, no matter where we are. But at the same time, it can sometimes lead to confusion or make face-to-face time less common. Online friendships might not always feel as real, and that can make people feel lonely. So, while new media has its perks, it also brings some challenges to how we see ourselves and relate to others.

New media lets people participate in democracy in new and powerful ways by sharing their views more easily. It can boost important voices, but at the same time, false information can spread quickly. Protecting creators’ rights online is important, though it’s tricky to find the right balance with making content accessible. Issues like content filtering and surveillance bring up serious concerns about privacy and control over information. Overall, new media has great potential but also challenges that require careful thought about what’s fair and ethical.

New media began with things like newspapers and TV but has since shifted to digital platforms such as social media and streaming. Unlike the older forms, new media lets people interact and respond in real time, making communication feel more personal. It gives everyone a chance to create and share content, helping people connect worldwide. This shift has made communication more social and community-focused. In short, new media is a lot more interactive than traditional media ever was.

Most media outlets are controlled by a handful of big corporations, which can limit the range of voices and stories available. While media plays a big role in connecting people globally, it sometimes favors certain perspectives over others. There’s often a lack of diversity in how different groups are portrayed, which can reinforce stereotypes. Being media literate means learning to question who created the message and what their intentions might be. This skill helps us see through bias and better understand the information we encounter every day.

Mass media serves important roles like keeping people informed, providing entertainment, and shaping public opinion. It controls what information gets shared, acting as a gatekeeper between events and the audience. The hypodermic needle theory suggests media messages hit viewers directly and cause immediate effects. Other theories, like media effects and cultivation theory, explain how consistent exposure to media slowly changes how people view reality. Overall, media has a big influence on both what we know and how we see the world around us.

Back in the print age, books and newspapers made spreading information much easier and more common. Later, the audiovisual era brought radio, TV, and movies, adding sound and visuals that made messages more lively. Then came the Internet and digital media, which changed everything by giving people instant access to info and connecting folks around the world. Mass media plays a big role in shaping what we think, our culture, and how we get our news and entertainment. As new types of media pop up, older ones shift and change to keep up with the times.

Problems generally involve a specific challenge, some hurdles to work through, and a clear goal to reach. When groups tackle problems, they usually start by figuring out what the problem is, then dig deeper to understand it better. After that, they come up with different ideas, talk through the options, and finally decide on the best way forward. Groups can make decisions in different ways sometimes by voting, sometimes by finding a solution everyone agrees on, or sometimes the leader steps in to choose. The way decisions get made often depends on the personalities involved, who has influence, and any time limits the group faces.

In groups, task roles are about making sure the work gets done, like planning and keeping everyone focused. Maintenance roles help everyone get along by encouraging each other and sorting out any conflicts. Then there are negative roles that cause trouble, like someone who always criticizes or tries to control the conversation. These behaviors can slow the group down or create tension. Knowing about these roles helps groups stay on track and deal with any issues that come up.

People step into leadership roles for all sorts of reasons some are just naturally inclined, others pick up the skills over time, and sometimes it’s the situation that pushes someone to lead. There are different leadership styles too some leaders like to take charge and make all the decisions, some prefer to get everyone involved, and others give people a lot of freedom to do their own thing. Leaders also rely on different kinds of power, like the authority their position gives them, the knowledge they have, or simply the trust and respect others feel toward them. Different styles and sources of power fit better depending on the group and the challenges they face. Understanding these differences helps explain why certain leaders click with their teams while others don’t.

Group cohesion is basically how connected people feel to each other, while group climate is the overall mood or feel of the group. When people feel close and bonded, the group usually has a more positive and relaxed atmosphere. New members learn the group’s culture and expectations through socialization, which helps them fit in and work well with others. Sometimes people go along with the group to fit in, but if everyone just agrees without thinking, it can lead to poor decisions, which is called groupthink. Groups deal with different kinds of conflicts like disagreements about the task, personal issues, or how things should be done and handling these well means keeping communication open and focusing on solving problems.

Groups usually go through a few stages as people start working together. At first, in the forming stage, everyone’s just getting to know each other and figuring out what the group is about, which can feel a little awkward. Then comes storming, where disagreements and clashes happen as people share their opinions and test out roles. After that, in the norming stage, things calm down, the group agrees on how to work together, and trust starts to build. Finally, during the performing stage, the group works smoothly and gets stuff done.

Small group communication happens when a few people usually between three and twelve get together to talk, solve problems, or make decisions. These groups usually have regular interaction and share a common goal. Small groups can do different things, like brainstorming ideas, making choices, or just supporting each other. Some groups focus on tasks, while others are more about social connection. While working in a small group can bring fresh ideas and teamwork, it can also lead to conflicts or some people not pitching in equally.

When speaking on radio or TV, it’s important to be clear and get straight to the point since people can’t see your expressions. A good spokesperson stays calm, sounds confident, and keeps their message simple and easy to follow. Crisis communication pros jump in during emergencies to share accurate info fast and help maintain trust. They have to think on their feet and keep everyone updated when things get tough. In the end, being prepared and communicating well under pressure are what really count.

Talking to different people at work means you need to adjust how you communicate, whether it’s your boss, teammates, staff, or clients. Being comfortable with intercultural communication really helps when you’re working with people from different backgrounds. When it’s time for questions, keeping calm and giving clear answers goes a long way. For business presentations, staying organized and sticking to the main points keeps things moving and holds attention. Basically, understanding who you’re talking to and being prepared makes all the difference.

When you’re presenting, it’s smart to adjust your style depending on the subject. For arts and humanities, storytelling really connects with people, but social sciences lean more on data and real-life examples. In education and training, keeping things clear and interactive helps hold attention. Science and technical talks need to be detailed and often use visuals to break down tricky ideas. At academic conferences, it’s all about being clear, professional, and ready to answer questions so you come across as confident.

When you’re giving a ceremonial speech, it’s important to be genuine, keep your message simple, and really connect with the people listening. Whether you’re introducing someone, giving an award, or delivering a eulogy, being sincere and sticking to the main point makes a big difference. For a “This I Believe” speech, sharing your own experiences helps show what really matters to you. Public advocacy is about using your voice to push for change or shine a light on important topics. At the end of the day, good speaking is all about inspiring and moving your audience

Here’s a more natural, conversational version for you:

When trying to persuade, people usually build trust, use solid facts, and connect emotionally. Speakers earn credibility by being honest and showing they understand their audience. Logical arguments focus on clear evidence, while emotional appeals tap into how people feel. Cognitive dissonance is that uncomfortable feeling when what someone believes doesn’t match up with new info, pushing them to rethink things. Overall, persuasion works best when it speaks to what people really need or care about.

Inductive reasoning means you take specific examples and use them to figure out a general idea, while deductive reasoning starts with a general rule and applies it to a specific situation. Causal reasoning is all about figuring out what caused something to happen. To tell if these types of reasoning hold up, you look for strong evidence and clear logic. Some common mistakes, called fallacies, include jumping to conclusions or attacking the person instead of their argument. Knowing about these slip-ups helps you argue better and spot when others aren’t making solid points.

An argument works by making a main point, backing it up with evidence, and explaining why that evidence supports the point. When picking a topic to persuade people, it’s best to choose something that matters to you and your audience. You also want to adjust your message depending on whether your listeners already agree, disagree, or aren’t sure. Persuasive speeches usually focus on proving facts, values, or suggesting actions people should take. Organizing your speech in a way that fits your topic like showing a problem and a solution helps get your point across clearly.

Informative speeches usually focus on things like how to do something, explaining events or ideas, or talking about people and places. It’s key to research well and find reliable info and examples that back up what you say. You can share info by defining, describing, explaining how something works, or showing how to do it. To keep people interested, don’t try to convince them, avoid dumping too much info at once, and keep things engaging. That way, your audience is more likely to follow along and remember what you said.

Using facial expressions and making eye contact helps you build a connection with your audience and show your emotions. How you stand, move, and use your hands can add life to your message and highlight important points. Dressing nicely and looking professional helps people trust you more. Things like slides or props make your ideas clearer and stick better in people’s minds. When you put all these things together, your speech feels more real and keeps people interested.

Changing up your tone, pitch, and volume keeps your speech from getting dull and helps grab people’s attention. Talking clearly, not too fast, and knowing when to pause makes it easier for folks to follow what you’re saying. The way you use your voice plays a big role in how believable and confident you come across. If you sound confident and expressive, people are more likely to trust you. But if you mumble or rush through, you might lose people or seem less credible.

There are four main ways people usually deliver speeches: reading straight from a script, memorizing the whole thing, speaking off the cuff, or preparing ahead but keeping it natural. Reading makes sure you don’t mess up, but it can sound kind of flat. Memorizing helps you feel confident but can sometimes make you sound a bit stiff or cause you to blank out. Talking without prep is quick but might be all over the place, while prepping and then speaking naturally is a good balance. When practicing, it’s best to say your speech out loud, ask for feedback, record yourself, and try to rehearse in a similar spot to where you’ll actually present.

Most people get nervous about public speaking because they’re scared of messing up or being judged. Practicing your speech plenty of times really helps you get comfortable with the material. Taking deep breaths, picturing things going well, and thinking about connecting with your audience instead of stressing about yourself can calm those nerves. It’s totally normal to stumble or take a pause here and there everyone does it. Using these tricks can make you feel way more confident when you’re up there talking.

Outlining is basically a way to organize your speech so your main ideas and details make sense together. A formal outline is a detailed list with your main points and supporting info, usually laid out with numbers and letters. When you write for speaking, you want to keep it simple and natural, since talking is different from writing. A speaking outline is like a cheat sheet it’s shorter and just has key words or phrases to help you remember what to say. This way, you stay on track without sounding like you’re reading word-for-word.

Putting together a speech is really about organizing your ideas so people can follow along without getting lost. Some popular ways to do this are by telling things in order, breaking topics down, showing cause and effect, or offering solutions to problems. Using stories, facts, and examples makes your points more real and believable. It’s also key to mention where your info comes from while you’re speaking to keep things trustworthy. Your intro should catch people’s attention and give a sneak peek of what’s coming, and your conclusion wraps it all up with a strong finish.

When you’re doing college research, it’s smart to stick with things like academic databases, books, and articles that have been reviewed by experts. There are different types of sources some are original materials, others analyze those, and some just summarize info. To figure out if a source is trustworthy, look at who wrote it, how recent it is, and whether it’s backed up with facts. Using stuff like examples, stats, quotes, or stories can really help make your points stronger. And adding visual aids like slides or charts can make what you’re saying easier to follow and more interesting.

Audience analysis is all about understanding who you’re talking to so your message hits home. The general purpose of a speech is basically why you’re giving it—whether it’s to inform, persuade, or entertain. To narrow down your topic, you can zoom in on a smaller piece or find a unique angle that fits your listeners. Your specific purpose statement is what you want your audience to learn or do by the end. And your thesis is just a quick summary of the main point you want to get across.

Intercultural communication competence is really about being able to connect with people from different cultures in a respectful and effective way. It means being motivated to learn, understanding yourself and others, and being okay with not always knowing what to expect. To get better at this, you can start by getting to know your own culture, learning about others, and tweaking how you communicate. “Thinking under the influence” is just a way to remind yourself that your own culture shapes how you see things and react. Being aware of that makes it easier to communicate in a way that respects other people’s backgrounds.

Intercultural communication is basically how folks from different cultures talk and understand each other. It involves juggling things like what’s common to a culture versus what’s personal, and how culture can stay the same but also change over time. Because of these back-and-forths, communicating across cultures can get tricky. But when people get it right, it can really strengthen their connections. Knowing about these ups and downs makes it easier to avoid mix-ups and get along better.

The social constructionist idea is that culture and identity aren’t set in stone they’re shaped by how we interact with others. Things like race, gender, ethnicity, and nationality have come about over time through history and shared experiences. These parts of who we are affect the way we talk and connect with people, influencing everything from language to customs. They’re not just personal traits but part of a bigger social picture we all take part in. Knowing this helps us understand why people communicate differently depending on their background.

A kind of Berber autonomy within Musa's empire

Culture is basically the shared beliefs, habits, and traditions that bring a group of people together. Personal identity is how you see yourself, social identity is about the groups you’re part of, and cultural identity ties you to your heritage. Some identities hold more power in society that’s what we call dominant while others don’t have as much, and that’s non dominant. Understanding how these identities form helps explain why people have such different life experiences. It’s important to recognize these differences because they shape how we connect and get along with others.

The dark side of relationships is all the messy stuff like fights, betrayal, and sometimes even abuse. When someone lies, it breaks the trust that holds people together and makes things tense. Cheating can hurt in different ways sexual cheating is about physical stuff, while emotional cheating is more about connecting deeply with someone else, but both really damage the relationship. Interpersonal violence can be physical, emotional, or about control, and though they’re different, they all cause serious harm. Understanding these things helps people recognize when something’s wrong and figure out how to deal with it.

At work, we have different kinds of relationships between bosses and employees, coworkers, and sometimes even friends or romantic partners. When supervisors talk with their team, it’s mostly about giving guidance, feedback, and support, but there’s always that power dynamic in the background. Coworker relationships can be all business or turn into friendships and mentoring. Office romances can make work more enjoyable but might also cause drama or awkward moments if things go south. So, handling these relationships thoughtfully really helps keep the workplace running smoothly.

What draws us to someone and how we choose a partner comes down to things like looks, personality, and what we have in common. Love isn’t just one thing sometimes it’s fiery and intense, sometimes it’s calm and steady, and often it’s a bit of both. Our friends and family can really influence our relationships, either by supporting us or sometimes making things more complicated. Who we’re attracted to depends on our sexual orientation, and things like race and culture also shape how we experience love. All these pieces come together to shape how relationships start and grow over time.

Family can mean different things to different folks it might be your relatives, the people you live with, or even close friends who feel like family. Families have their own little traditions, like holiday get-togethers, birthday celebrations, or regular dinners, which help everyone feel connected. How a family talks to each other really shapes the vibe at home. Some families focus a lot on sticking to rules and agreement, while others are all about chatting openly and sharing ideas. The mix of those two styles decides if a family feels more relaxed and open or a bit strict and quiet.

Friendships come in all sorts of forms some are just casual hangouts, some are really close, and others are more about working together. They usually follow a kind of pattern: you meet, spend time together, grow closer, and sometimes drift apart or even end. As we get older, the way we connect with friends changes too teen friendships might be about doing stuff together, while adult friendships often focus on emotional support, and later in life, friends offer comfort and companionship. Culture plays a big role in how friendships look and what people expect from them, and guys and girls might handle friendships a bit differently when it comes to sharing feelings. Basically, friendships grow and change depending on where you are in life and the people around you.

Personal relationships are the close ones, like with family or best friends, where emotions run deep. Social relationships are more casual, like the connections you have with coworkers or people you hang out with sometimes. Relationships tend to follow a kind of path—from first meeting, to getting closer, facing rough spots, and sometimes growing apart or changing. The social exchange idea is like keeping score, where we think about what we’re getting out of a relationship versus what it costs us. Most of us stick around when we feel like the good stuff outweighs the bad.

Self-disclosure is basically when you open up and share personal stuff about yourself with someone else. There’s this idea that relationships get stronger as people slowly reveal more, and that we also figure out who we are by comparing ourselves to others—both help explain why we share. What you decide to share depends a lot on how much you trust someone, where you are, and how close you feel to them. When you share the right amount at the right time, it helps build trust and bring you closer. But if you overshare or do it in a way that feels off, it can make things weird or even push people away.

Emotions are basically the feelings we get from what’s going on around us, like happiness, anger, or sadness. They’ve been around forever to help us survive like fear warning us of danger but culture also shapes how we show and understand those feelings. Different places might express emotions in their own unique ways. To handle your emotions better, it helps to recognize what you’re feeling and find ways to deal with it that work for you. And when you respond to others with empathy, it makes connecting and communicating a lot easier.

Interpersonal conflict comes up when people don’t see eye to eye or want different things. There are a few common ways folks handle it: sometimes they avoid it, sometimes they push to win, or they might give in, meet halfway, or try to work things out together. How we think about the conflict and where we come from culturally can really change how we deal with it. What feels okay or respectful in one culture might not in another, so it’s good to keep that in mind. When you’re managing conflict, it helps to stay calm, really listen, be open about what you’re thinking, and look for a way that works for everyone.

Interpersonal communication is basically how we talk and connect with people one-on-one or in small groups. It’s not just about getting stuff done, like making plans, but also about feeling understood and supported. The way we communicate can really change depending on our cultural backgrounds things like how close we stand or how direct we are. Being aware of these differences helps avoid mix-ups and makes relationships stronger. So, it’s really about both sharing information and building real connections with others.

To make your message easy to follow, keep it simple and organized around what your listeners care about. When you’re giving feedback, try to be honest but also kind, pointing out the good stuff along with what could be better. To check how you’re doing, record yourself or think back on how people reacted to what you said. Paying attention to your tone and body language can also show you how clear your message really is. Being open to hearing what others think and making changes will help you get better at communicating over time.

Being a better listener starts with really tuning in pay attention, try to understand what’s being said, think it over, respond clearly, and remember it later. Active listening means you're fully present, showing with your body language and responses that you're actually engaged. Critical listening is useful in everyday conversations, school, or even when you're watching the news—it’s about thinking deeper and not just taking everything at face value. Empathetic listening is more about just being there for someone, letting them talk, and trying to truly understand how they feel without rushing to fix it. Whether you're at work, in a relationship, or talking with people from different backgrounds, listening with respect and intention goes a long way.

It can be hard to listen well when there’s a lot of background noise, distractions, or even if you’re just too far away to hear someone clearly. Physical things like being tired, hungry, or sick also make it tough to stay focused. Sometimes, our own thoughts or emotions get in the way—like when you're stressed, daydreaming, or already judging what someone’s saying before they finish. People also fall into bad listening habits, like interrupting, zoning out, or just waiting for their turn to talk. Noticing these habits and distractions is the first step to actually getting better at listening

Listening happens in steps you first hear what’s being said, try to understand it, decide what you think about it, respond, and hopefully remember it later. We listen in different ways depending on the situation: sometimes to learn something, sometimes to judge what we hear, sometimes to support someone emotionally, and other times just for fun. People also have different listening styles some care most about facts, some tune into emotions, some want things short and to the point, and others are more laid-back about it. Different styles work better depending on who you’re talking to and what the situation is. Knowing your own style and being able to adapt can really help you communicate better with others.

Nonverbal communication plays a big part in how we connect with others, especially in close relationships where things like eye contact, body language, and touch say a lot. In professional settings, the way you stand, speak, or make eye contact can shape how people see you confident, respectful, or unsure. What’s normal in one culture might be totally different in another; for example, some places see eye contact as polite, while others see it as disrespectful. Men and women also tend to use nonverbal cues differently women might show more emotion through facial expressions, while men often use more space or stronger tone. Knowing these differences makes it easier to understand people and avoid mixed signals.

To get better at sending nonverbal messages, just pay attention to your body language and make sure it lines up with what you’re saying. Work on things like keeping good eye contact, using clear gestures, and matching your tone to the situation. It also helps to read the room and adjust how you act depending on who you’re with. When you’re trying to understand someone else’s nonverbal cues, look at a bunch of signals together and think about what’s going on around you. And if you’re ever confused, just ask they’ll usually appreciate you wanting to understand better.

Kinesics is all about the way we use our body things like gestures and facial expressions while haptics covers touch, like hugs or handshakes. Vocalics is how we use our voice, like the tone or how loud we speak, and proxemics is about personal space and how close we stand to people. Chronemics deals with how we handle time, like showing up on time or how long we wait before responding. The way we dress and take care of ourselves sends messages too, and our surroundings, like whether a room is tidy or messy, also say something about us. All these nonverbal signals help others pick up on what we’re feeling or thinking, even when we don’t say a word.

Nonverbal communication is how we send messages without using actual words things like facial expressions, gestures, how we stand, our tone, and eye contact. It’s different from verbal communication, which is all about the words we say or write, but both work together to get our point across. Nonverbal stuff often reveals what we really feel or adds extra meaning to what we’re saying. It’s always happening, can be a bit unclear sometimes, and usually depends on the situation to make sense. For example, a smile shows friendliness, a raised eyebrow might mean someone’s skeptical, and crossed arms can suggest someone’s feeling defensive.

When we talk with others, there are social rules like taking turns and making eye contact that help things flow smoothly. How people use language changes a lot depending on their culture—some are more formal, others more laid-back, and what’s polite somewhere might not be in another place. Sometimes we switch up how we talk or change our style to fit in better, which is called accommodation or code-switching. Cultural bias is when we judge people unfairly based on where they come from, and that can cause misunderstandings. Knowing about these biases helps us be more respectful and avoid stepping on toes.

Sure thing! Here’s a more casual, natural version of that summary:

Abstraction is when we use general or vague words, which can make things confusing sometimes. To get your point across clearly, it helps to add specific details along with the bigger ideas. Using things like metaphors or colorful descriptions makes what you’re saying more interesting and easier to remember. It’s also important to be honest and respectful with your words, so you don’t mislead or hurt anyone. When you communicate clearly and ethically, it builds trust and helps people understand each other better.

Linguistic expressions come in different forms words, phrases, sentences, and whole conversations. Language is a way we show who we are, earn trust, influence people, and even do things like make promises just by talking. It’s also a lot of fun, with jokes, puns, and playful ways of using words that keep things interesting. New slang and made-up words keep language fresh and always changing. Sometimes language can make people feel left out, but it also has the power to bring us together and create a sense of belonging.

The triangle of meaning is all about how words are just symbols that connect to the ideas we have, not the actual things themselves. Denotation is the plain, dictionary meaning of a word, while connotation is the extra feelings or thoughts that come with it. Language has rules like grammar and word order that help us make sense of what people are saying. We pick up language naturally as kids by listening and copying the people around us. Over time, this helps us learn new words and figure out how to put them together the right way.

If you want to feel better about yourself, it really helps to focus on what you’re good at, talk to yourself in a positive way, and not get stuck on negative thoughts. Setting small goals and giving yourself credit when you hit them can also make a big difference. When it comes to understanding other people, try to keep an open mind and don’t rush to judge think about where they might be coming from. A good trick is to check in with them by asking questions or making sure you’ve got things right before jumping to conclusions. Doing this not only clears up misunderstandings with others but also helps you see yourself in a clearer, kinder way.

Self-concept is basically how we see ourselves, and it grows from our experiences and what other people tell us. Self-esteem is how much we like ourselves, and that also depends a lot on the kind of feedback we get. We often figure out who we are by comparing ourselves to others and noticing the difference between who we are and who we want to be. Things like family, culture, and the media also shape how we think about ourselves and what’s expected. Self-presentation is just how we choose to show ourselves to others, sometimes by highlighting our best qualities or acting differently depending on who we’re with.

Perception is basically how we notice stuff and figure out what it means. We tend to focus on things that stand out to us, like something unusual or really important that’s called salience. When we take in information, we sort it by grouping similar things together or by how close they are. Schemata are like mental shortcuts or frames we’ve built from past experiences that help us make sense of what we see. They help us quickly fill in missing pieces and understand new things without having to think too hard.

Internal attributions mean we think someone’s behavior comes from who they are, while external attributions blame the situation they’re in. We often mess up by assuming people act a certain way because of their personality (that’s the fundamental attribution error) or by giving ourselves too much credit and blaming outside stuff when things go wrong (that’s the self-serving bias). First impressions stick with us because of the primacy effect, but the last things we notice can also shape how we see someone thanks to the recency effect. How someone looks, acts, or the environment they’re in can really affect how we judge them. Plus, the horn effect makes us see people negatively based on one bad thing, and the halo effect does the opposite, while culture and personality also play a big part in how we understand others.

Communication is basically how we share ideas and information, whether by talking, writing, or even body language. It started a long time ago with things like cave drawings and storytelling and has now grown into things like social media and the internet. There are five main types of communication: talking to yourself, chatting one-on-one, working in groups, speaking in front of crowds, and sharing messages with lots of people through media. Knowing the difference between these helps us communicate better depending on the situation. Plus, studying communication can lead to lots of cool jobs like marketing, journalism, or public relations.

Communication is basically how we share ideas and information, whether by talking, writing, or even body language. It started a long time ago with things like cave drawings and storytelling and has now grown into things like social media and the internet. There are five main types of communication: talking to yourself, chatting one-on-one, working in groups, speaking in front of crowds, and sharing messages with lots of people through media. Knowing the difference between these helps us communicate better depending on the situation. Plus, studying communication can lead to lots of cool jobs like marketing, journalism, or public relations.

There are three main ways to understand how communication works: the transmission, interaction, and transaction models. The transmission model is the most basic, where one person sends a message and the other just receives it. The interaction model shows communication as more of a back-and-forth, with feedback and context added in. The transaction model is the most realistic, showing both people communicating at the same time through words, tone, and body language. I recently had a conversation with a friend that matched the transaction model because we were both reacting to each other in the moment and working together to clear up a misunderstanding.

Communication plays a huge role in my everyday life. It’s how I connect with people, get things done, and express what I’m thinking or feeling. Whether I’m having a conversation with a friend, asking a question in class, or just texting someone, I’m using communication in one form or another. It also meets a lot of basic needs. It helps with physical and emotional health by making us feel connected to others. It helps with practical, everyday things like asking for help or making plans. It’s key to building and maintaining relationships, and it also shapes how we see ourselves and how others see us. Communication isn’t just something that happens once—it’s a process. It’s ongoing, and it changes depending on who you're talking to, what’s going on, and where you are. How we say things can be just as important as what we’re saying. Culture and context also make a big difference. The way we communicate depends a lot on our background, our values, and the situation we’re in. Something that feels normal in one setting might not be in another, so it’s important to be aware of that and adjust when needed.

Communication competence is about being both effective and appropriate in how we interact with others. It means being able to adapt to different situations, show empathy, and understand the context of the conversation. To build this skill, it’s important to be self-aware, open to feedback, and willing to practice. Emotional intelligence also plays a big role.

true.

Interesting

true

lmao

wow. true.

These types of maps are used for more than just helping us navigate to get somewhere. They display statistics.

These observations wouldn't have been made if it weren't for aerial photographs because maps can not show us this information.

Shows how long ago this was with how much studying was done

This is important because many maps are incorrect because the creators of those maps don't use the same scaling for the whole map which leads to an inaccurate representation of a place.

Large scale maps and small scale maps are key in geography due to the different factors because some show bigger or smaller based on what scale

Isolines are very important because they help show patterns and sapatial data

There are many types of data and they all come together to help create these maps in geography. They each have thier own functions

十分な

A claim of policy is the easiest claim to spot,

Claims apply to other types of writing then just argumentative, even scientists have to be persuasive sometimes.

What are Goodwill's competitive advantages?

Being curious about other cultures will help with public speaking so that you can have a two way respect relationship with the audience

this situation would make me very stressed out because you would have to edit some of your speech so last minute without practicing beforehand. A good skill to also add would be to be able to work good under pressure

i have heard this which was wild to think about it because i have never thought about it before. it is so true though!

we can take account but some things are out of our hands, how is our speech going to make someone feel less hot? would you just mention it in the speech as a joke to make them feel seen and create more connection?

if you were making a speech to a group of individuals who spoke a different language maybe you would word your sentences differently so that you used more simpler words so more people would understand

this can also be situational, if someone is making a speech at a graduation they could be homing in on the negatives of school when a graduation is about celebration and growth

audience members are craving a connection with the speaker just as much as the speaker is craving a connection with the audience

this is a very useful guide, this will deter from "selfish" speeches, some speeches i notice the speaker is more talking for themselves rather than speaking for others to inspire and grow

i agree with this statement because our past is all that we know and whatever we have learned and experienced then will help us live now, thats why sometimes its easy to tell how someone was raised just after spending some time with them.

are they saying that they assumed the public speakers would be having an interactional conversation with their audience while their speech was being made?

not only does this account for public speaking but almost every aspect of your life, think about us as students and the majors that we picked, we had passion behind those majors which made us very determined in our work and it shows

i remember there was one assembly we had in elementary school where there was a man with a yo-yo and while he was giving his speech before the performance he was saying all of these little tidbits about very deep topics but i was left confused because there was no main message just a bunch of ideas lined up

Realizing there could be some bumps in your argument is important so you can logically explain all sides and make sure you address the “holes” without letting them degrade your whole claim.

To remember the difference between covalent network solids, atomic network solids, and amorphous solids think about in in dimensions, which they are.

3D= Diamond a three dimensional solid (covalent-atomic) 2D = Graphite, you draw 2D figures with a graphite pencil (covalent- molecular) 1D = No dimension like glass, no order

The counter argument and rebuttal shows that there is some merit to the counter argument but their can be alternatives with out just bashing the other side.

Metals conduct beaus of delocalized electrons. Band theory is similar to thinking about molecular orbitals the concept from chem 1. When two atoms bond their atomic orbital mix and form molecular orbitals. But in band theory it is on a much larger scale 10^23 atoms or avagadros number. Insulators have big gaps in the connection band and semi conductors have small gaps in the connective bands.

Making your mark when writing doesn’t always mean getting someone’s opinion to change by what you said but instead can be making them question their own thoughts and values. Getting someone to use their own empathy and respect also furthers your argument and what you are adding to the conversation.

Don’t necessarily need to be telling people what to do, this is an example of another circumstance where you would use this type of claim even though you aren’t convincing anyone to do anything but instead making them question for themself.

We can not measure lattice energy as it is the energy released when gas ions can together to form a solid. It is calculated indirectly using Hess's Law applied to ionic solids. We break it down into key steps: Sublimation, ionization, bond dissociation, electron affinity, and formation. Remember these key steps

Relating to unit cells, the ionic structures depend on the cation vs anion size. For example, for CsCl it is primitive cubic, Cs+ in the center was Cl- on the corners. NaCl is FCC with Na+ in the 8 holes, Cl- ions are much bigger than Na+ so sodium fits into the holes left by chlorine. CaF2 is also FCC with tetrahedral holes Ca2+ fits into the gaps left by Flourine.

this is specific to transition of NaCl but keep the steps in mind

if the temperature and pressure is the same for two different moles of the same gas, the energy change from the phase transition is the same for both moles even if they were forced to change phases by different means

higher stability=lower energy

wouldn't dissociating an ionic compound result in the loss of some potential energy due to ions of like charges being farther apart therefore minimizing the repulsion between them? I know ultimately, transitioning to a gaseous phase is endothermic because the molecules gain kinetic energy, but is the loss of potential energy considered in the born haber cycle?

is this because the smaller the ions, the closer an ion is to another ion of a like charge? or because periodic trends associated with smaller atoms?

Enthalpy of hydration is negative because adding H2O within the lattice neutralizes the repulsion between ions with like charges. Neutralizing the repulsion decreases the potential energy withing the lattice and therefore results in a negative enthalpy.

In Crystal defects there are either imperfections that change crystal properties by swapping the atom (substitutional) or squeeze in an atom (interstitial). Example of substitutional: Brass. Cu + Zn. Copper atoms are replaced by zinc atoms, they are similar size so they substitute to make a stronger mental.

Example of Interstitial defects: Steel. Smaller carbon atoms squeeze into holes between iron atoms. This forms steel and makes it harder and stronger than iron alone.

Get side length from the density and geometry formulas to obtain the radius. Density to volume to edge length to radius

explains the structure of cubic unit cells in crystallography. It describes the three types: simple cubic (atoms at each corner), body-centered cubic (BCC, with an extra atom in the center), and face-centered cubic (FCC, with atoms on each face). Each corner atom is shared among eight adjacent cells, and the structure helps define how atoms are arranged in a solid. @belfrob99

your skills will be more valued in the workspace

simply being a longtime loyal worker can mean that you have the aspects of this term though leader

even if you were to be someone who is the voice of an audiobook, there is such attention to detail to emphasize certain parts in certain ways in order to convey a specific message. The pace that you are speaking at etc

i reflect on myself and i think this is going to be the thing most struggle with because sometimes i have a difficult time expressing all of my thoughts in a non confusing way. i hope that there are some tips that can help me place everything together.

this sentence demonstrates the energy that needs to be brought behind our speeches that we make to be a true leader

even in the constitution it states that we the people have the right to "overthrow" the government with our freedom of speech. This just shows that its way more important than we realize

i love this take

i bet that even individuals who have to speak to the public a lot have signs of being nervous even after such a long time.

even feedback from the audience is good as well, they can possibly have feedback that a professional might not have just because they are seeing the speech at face value and not over analyzing.

a good public speaker is a good planner and good at analyzing. you need to find and solve the problem before the audience can even think about the problem.

what do they mean by "fine-tuning?"

I wish i was able to see videos of old speeches that occured back when no technology was available so that we could compare and contrasts the details of both

i am curious to know the specific tactics that public speakers have discovered and used to be more persuasive in their speech to their audience

a good example that some jobs although have to do repetitive public speaking to their students, there are times where your audience is a little bit different and you have to be able to navigate the best way to set up your speech so that the audience can absorb the material youre saying more.

This is the most nerve wracking type of public speaking that i could be apart of. I wonder if for some this would be the easiest

Although social media can be seen as a bad thing, im glad that there are sites like this that can help is connect rather then distract us from the real meaning things of life

I would have to say that she is most likely not wrong in her guess. there is a wave of uncontrollable high amounts of content.

we practice public speaking in culture of funerals, weddings and parties

i really need to hone on this aspect for my speech so that i can move my classmates in the correct way that will have the effect i want it to

very interesting that even the ones publishing these books about public speaking are following the guidelines too! it makes sense but its nice to see that

If anything it is more relevant now, its more of a rare thing to be able to have this ability and people are even more inspires by it then ever before

shows that public speaking has the potential to be a career

Huge role in connecting with the audience

Dissecting key components of the argument visually

IMPORTANT!

The thought process and reasoning behind it is an example of sociological thinking. Put yourself into their shoes

What to site when publically speaking

In Boarding Schools, Native languages and cultural practices were often suppressed through violent and systematic methods (Lomawaima, 2018). Students were frequently punished for speaking their native languages, sometimes facing physical punishment, verbal abuse, or detention if they were caught using their Indigenous tongues. This policy aimed to erase Indigenous identities and assimilate students into Euro-American cultural norms, often forcing them to abandon their family traditions, spiritual practices, and ways of life. Religious and familial customs, which were central to Indigenous communities, were considered threatening to the colonial agenda of cultural domination, leading to their suppression through coercive measures. This violent suppression not only caused immediate harm to the students but also contributed to intergenerational trauma, loss of cultural knowledge, and the ongoing marginalization of Native identities.

10 AM- 10 PM 7 AM- 10 AM and 10 PM- 11 PM Time with friends Yes t, f, t, f, f, t, t, t, t, f, t, f, f, t, f, f

Fixed activities: 1. 15 hours 2. 30 hours 3. 0 hours 4. 0 hours 5. 56 hours 6. 17.5 hours 7. 10.5 hours 8. 7.5 hours 9. 50 minutes 10. 150 minutes Total: Discretionary Activities: 1. 0 hours 2. 60.5 hours 3. 7 hours 4. 7 hours 5. 7 hours 6. 7 hours 7. 150 minutes

1. 56 hours
2. 17.5 hours
3. 10.5 hours
4. 0 hours
5. 0 hours
6. 7.5 hours
7. about 15 hours
8. 10 hours
9. 50 minutes
10. 150 minutes
11. 0 hours
12. 60.5 hours
13. 0 hours
14. 15 hours
15. 50 minutes
16. 5 hours
17. 28 hours

specific heat is very importanant due to needing to raise temperature

f, f, t, t, f, t

If then argumnt

Like I did just now to keep myself off of my phone to lock in on my work, I set a timer on an app called flora that "grows a tree" and will do damage to said tree if you close the app. I can also simply just set aside a time every day to sit down and focus on my school work weather that is with a friend or alone.

Juan: can cut down to working part time to give himself time to work, study, and spend time with his mom. Becky: Can set aside time to work on both her senior thesis and her community project. Sachito: When her husband wishes to spend time with his friends on the weekends, she can contact her sister and ask for help babysitting her kids. This way both her and her husband both get the time they need to themselves and their individual goals.

With the student who shows negative attitude about college would get distracted more easily and find any reason not to do their work. Whereas with the student with a positive attitude about college would lock in and focus on their school work.

A negative attitude can prevent students from being successful in college by causing them to focus on things such as time out, social media, and shows more than their school work and grades.

2

Long-term goals: Travel to new countries, get a job teaching, get married.

This year: Balance my social life with school. While in college: Study abroad, join activities that I enjoy, and meet all my academic needs and goals.

Today: I want to get this half of the discussion done and take some time to myself to watch my show. This week: I want to get all my school work done and go out to the football game. This month: I want to focus on my school work while also focusing on balancing my social life.

Short term goals: I want to finish all classwork ahead of their due-dates, study for upcoming exams, and attend all lectures even if I'm "too tired" after work

These are all key details and proven benefits from sociology and how it helps us in the workplace and real life situations.

It is quite the interesting topic I never was interested in the study of society until I learned more about it, gives us the big picture like Lili said above. Its a unique tool to have.

Patterns are a key detail to search for in human interaction with one on one situations to see how a person interacts with everyone in their day to day life.

This brings in Karl Marx and how he believed in the macro perspective of rich and working class comparisons. An example is an old money new money thing, a man whose worked hard and have had generations of money built up rather than a man who just wins a lottery ticket and gets rich instantly.

Like in 1.3 society is studied over the way people are influenced on beliefs, money, power, etc. Durkheim explains that there are complex parts of society with independent factors but all bind in together in the ways we live.

This is such a wide topic as well there is so many great subjects as well as when it narrows down to the details of sociology and its past.

this is a good thing that they used it as fuel rather than something to knock them down.

the patterns we use in life are big things sociologists study because eventually it will change and then they go into detail on why it changed and what for. they also would explore what says the stop and frisk policy and it goes over everyday communication.

This is a study that the households being occupied by unmarried people, same sex couples, and single parents are increasing over time.

There is culture all around us in everything we see from religious things to peoples daily living items that are just parts of our society as a whole that we consider our culture.

Sociology is a wide range of the study of people and our daily lives.

This study can go onto other aspects rather than just a commuter station but almost every situation in the world thats why sociology is such a drastic subject.

Theres so many variables in our situations that can effect so many things with just one simple change in routine.

This shows we can stick around with that same person every day going to this certain place around this time then eventually splitting off into our daily lives.

It seems at first that theres just a lot of random people going in random directions going to random places but the more we dive into this we will discover the details behind our everyday sights.

Example: 37 Kelvin. NOT 37 degrees K!

Most centimeter rulers only have graduations down to mm, so a measurement would go to 2 decimal places (cm . mm + one uncertain digit).

Good story, case.

If you can see chunks or settling, it’s a suspension, not a colloid

The smaller the particle size, the more stable the mixture.

the vapor pressure of a solution equals the mole fraction of solvent times the vapor pressure of the pure solvent, so adding a nonvolatile solute lowers vapor pressure.

These 3 types help with the global postioning system and are 3 parts that are importnant for thier own reasons