substitutional and interstitial.

陰イオンと陽イオンは互いに電気的に引き合い、イオン結合する[13]。ただし共有結合の場合とは異なり、通常の状態では陰イオンと陽イオン一組で明確な形の分子を構成することはなく、大量の陰イオンと陽イオンが結び付き合ってイオン結晶を形成する[13]。

DNA simply does not replicate like a crystal you have to have a living organism to enable it to do so

Remember, a writer writes, always.

I also don’t think we’ll be seeing any serious production services running on Deno or Crystal any time soon.

if count > 1 if count < 4 && c != '{' count.times { into << c } else into << '{' << c << count << '}' end elsif c == '{' into << "{{1}" else into << c end end

Inner Core A solid, crystallised iron structure

In 1978, she became one of the first women ever to write and direct a comedy feature–Rabbit Test, a cult classic about a man (Billy Crystal) becoming pregnant.

To me, Ruby with explicit, static typing would be like a salad with a scoop of ice cream. They just don't go together.

that the most important thing about printing is that it conveys thought, ideas, images, from one mind to other minds.

That is, the first thing he asked of this particular object was not “How should it look?” but “What must it do?” and to that extent all good typography is modernist.

connoisseur

maudlin experiments

impudent

When a goblet has a base that looks too small for security, it does not matter how cleverly it is weighted; you feel nervous lest it should tip over. There are ways of setting lines of type that may work well enough, and yet keep the reader subconsciously worried by the fear of “doubling” lines, reading three words as one, and so forth.

Crystal meth and ecstasy are the drugs of choice for these “instant parties” because of their psychotropic effects, and in the case of crystal meth, their ability to help people stay awake well into the night and prevent ejaculation during sex.

In style as in grammar, he shuns pre-scriptivism.

He cautions against reading-pronunciation (e.g., pronouncing "often" with the "t")

So a major challengefor future research is to investigate the use of task analysis techniques in context, assessing theefficiency and effectiveness of these techniques for particular tasks, situations, design problems and organizational structures

Empirical evidence is crucial here, but this research is still nascent, as many techniques have been proposed with littleempirical evaluation.

Usability engineers already rely on simple techniques such as cognitive walkthroughs andheuristic evaluation,but these approaches sacrifice the richness of true task analysis

toolittle is beingsaid about the use of cognitive task analysis products in discussions of cognitive task analysis

For task analysis to realize itspotential, researchers must improve its usabilityand degree ofintegration.

HCI research has evolvedover the past fifty years from focusingon technical (ergonomic) aspects, to conceptual (information-processing) models, towork-process (contextual) models (Kuutti and Bannon, 1991; Grudin, 1990).

Activity theory anticipates and can help to model contemporary ecological approaches to cognitive psychology, such asdistributed cognition(Hollan et al., 2000)

ctivities are not seen in isolation. They are under continuous development, so their historyaccumulates and serves to inform their evolution. This is possible because of the presence of artifacts. Artifacts carry culturein the form of “historical residue,” delivering the lessonsof the past to the future, mediatingbetween different elements of an activity, and enabling the coordinationof complex actions.

Compared toHTA or cognitive modeling,CTA has increasedunderstanding of many important cognitive aspects ofmodern task environments. However, it is unclear how effective CTA techniques are in representing these aspects in a systematic and usefulway (Shepherd, 2001).

CTA requires “making explicit theimplicit knowledge and cognitive-processing requirements ofjobs” (Dubois and Shalin, 2000:42)

GOMS analysis produces a descriptionof a task, often in the form of a hierarchical plan similar to those produced byHTA. However,while HTA generally describes high-level activity, GOMS typically works at the keystroke level. This low-levelfocus arises fromthe requirement that the lowest-level operators in a taskhaverigorousestimates of execution time.

HTA recognizes the responsibility of the operator (user) to planthe use of available resources to attain a given goal, but ittreats the operator’s cognitive processes as a black box: “howbehavior is actually organized is a question for cognitive psychology” (Shepherd 2001:16).

The strengths and weaknesses of HTA flow from its strong system-centric stance

HTAbreaks tasks into subtasks and operationsor actions

Task analysis nowincludes a range of techniques aimed at obtaining descriptions of what people do, representing those descriptions, predictingdifficulties, and evaluatingsystems against functional requirements(Jordan, 1998)

failed to fully integrate technology with user needs to improve the tasks being performed

analyzing the movement of individuals or material, theinteraction between human and machine, and body movement

oncluded that performance was influencedmore strongly by the attention givento workers during the studies thanbyenvironmental effects such as lighting