Sakal
🧠 VOCABULARY UPLOAD: Sakal (Hebrew): Often translated as "success," but more accurately means "prudent, circumspect, wise insight." It is the opposite of "Hustle." Hustle is blind speed. Sakal is looking at the map, understanding the terrain, and taking the right step, not just the fast one.
biobanks
EN - Meaning: Collections that store biological samples (like blood, tissue) and associated data for research. - Key idea: Biobanks support medical research but require strong policies for consent, privacy, and data security.
中文 - 含义：生物样本库：保存血液、组织等样本及相关数据，用于科研的收集与存储系统。 - 关键点：有助于医学研究，但需要完善的知情同意、隐私与数据安全制度。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=biobank - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=biobank
genetic information
EN - Meaning: Information encoded in DNA that can influence traits and health. - Key idea: Genetic information raises privacy and ownership questions (e.g., data storage, sharing, and consent).
中文 - 含义：遗传信息：DNA 中编码的信息，会影响性状与健康。 - 关键点：会引发隐私与所有权问题（如存储、共享与知情同意）。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=genetic%20information%20privacy - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=genetic%20testing%20privacy
Asian gypsy moth
EN - Meaning: A moth species whose caterpillars can defoliate many tree species; considered invasive in some regions. - Key idea: Defoliation weakens trees and can disrupt forest ecosystems.
中文 - 含义：亚洲舞毒蛾：幼虫能大量取食树叶，影响多种树种；在一些地区被视为入侵害虫。 - 关键点：取食导致落叶会削弱树木并扰乱森林生态。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=Asian%20gypsy%20moth - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=Asian%20gypsy%20moth
Dutch elm disease
EN - Meaning: A serious disease of elm trees caused by fungi and spread by bark beetles. - Key idea: It has killed many elm trees in North America and Europe.
中文 - 含义：荷兰榆树病：由真菌引起并通过树皮甲虫传播的榆树严重病害。 - 关键点：在北美与欧洲造成大量榆树死亡。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=Dutch%20elm%20disease - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=Dutch%20elm%20disease
in vitro fertilization (IVF)
EN - Meaning: Fertilization that occurs outside the body (in a lab), followed by embryo transfer to the uterus. - Key idea: IVF can help couples conceive when natural fertilization is difficult.
中文 - 含义：体外受精（IVF）：在体外（实验室）完成受精，形成胚胎后再移植入子宫。 - 关键点：可帮助自然受精困难的夫妇实现怀孕。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=in%20vitro%20fertilization - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=in%20vitro%20fertilization
invasive species
EN - Meaning: A non-native species that spreads and causes harm to ecosystems, economies, or health. - Key idea: Invasive species can outcompete native species and reduce biodiversity.
中文 - 含义：入侵物种：外来物种扩散并对生态系统、经济或健康造成危害。 - 关键点：可能与本地物种竞争并降低生物多样性。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=invasive%20species - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=invasive%20species
differentiate
EN - Meaning: To develop into a specialized cell type with a specific structure and function. - Key idea: Differentiation explains how the same DNA can produce many different cell types.
中文 - 含义：分化：细胞发育成为具有特定结构与功能的专门细胞类型。 - 关键点：分化说明同一套 DNA 如何形成不同类型的细胞。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=cell%20differentiation - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=cell%20differentiation
adult stem cells
EN - Meaning: Stem cells found in adult tissues (e.g., bone marrow) that can produce certain specialized cells. - Key idea: Adult stem cells are often used clinically (e.g., blood stem cell transplants) and raise fewer ethical concerns than embryonic stem cells.
中文 - 含义：成体干细胞：存在于成人组织（如骨髓）中的干细胞，可产生特定类型的专门细胞。 - 关键点：临床应用较常见（如造血干细胞移植），伦理争议通常小于胚胎干细胞。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=adult%20stem%20cell - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=adult%20stem%20cell
artificial insemination
EN - Meaning: A reproductive technology where sperm are placed into the female reproductive tract without sexual intercourse. - Key idea: Can help when there are fertility challenges; used in humans and animal breeding.
中文 - 含义：人工授精：不通过性交，而将精子置入女性生殖道以实现受孕的技术。 - 关键点：可帮助不孕不育情况，也广泛用于动物繁殖。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=artificial%20insemination - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=artificial%20insemination
stem cells
EN - Meaning: Cells that can self-renew and can differentiate into specialized cell types. - Key idea: Stem cells are important for development and can be used in regenerative medicine research.
中文 - 含义：干细胞：能自我更新，并可分化为多种专门细胞类型的细胞。 - 关键点：对发育很重要，也用于再生医学研究。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=stem%20cell - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=stem%20cell
DNA fingerprinting
EN - Meaning: Identifying an individual using DNA patterns (genetic markers). - Key idea: Used in forensics, paternity testing, and identification; not the same as sequencing the entire genome.
中文 - 含义：DNA 指纹鉴定：利用 DNA 的特征性片段/标记来识别个体。 - 关键点：用于法医、亲子鉴定与身份识别；并不等同于测完整基因组。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=DNA%20fingerprinting - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=DNA%20fingerprinting
superweeds
EN - Meaning: Weeds that become difficult to control, often due to herbicide resistance. - Key idea: Repeated use of the same herbicide can select for resistant weed populations.
中文 - 含义：超级杂草：难以控制的杂草，常与除草剂抗性有关。 - 关键点：长期反复使用同一种除草剂可能筛选出抗性杂草种群。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=herbicide%20resistance%20weeds - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=herbicide%20resistance%20weeds
gene therapy
EN - Meaning: Treating a disease by adding, replacing, or altering genes in a patient’s cells. - Key idea: Often uses a vector (frequently a virus) to deliver a functional gene.
中文 - 含义：基因治疗：通过向患者细胞中添加/替换/改变基因来治疗疾病。 - 关键点：常用载体（常见为病毒）把正常基因送入细胞。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=gene%20therapy - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=gene%20therapy
herbicide-resistant plants
EN - Meaning: Crop plants engineered to survive a herbicide that would normally kill them. - Key idea: Enables weed control by spraying, but can lead to selection for herbicide-resistant weeds.
中文 - 含义：耐除草剂作物：被改造后能耐受本应杀死它们的除草剂。 - 关键点：便于喷洒除草剂控草，但可能促使杂草选择出耐药性。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=herbicide-resistant%20crop - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=herbicide-resistant%20crop
vitamin A deficiencies
EN - Meaning: A lack of vitamin A, which is important for vision, immune function, and development. - Key idea: Vitamin A deficiency can increase health risks; some GM crops aim to improve nutrition.
中文 - 含义：维生素 A 缺乏：维生素 A 不足，会影响视力、免疫与生长发育。 - 关键点：缺乏会增加健康风险；一些转基因作物用于提高营养。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=vitamin%20A%20deficiency - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=vitamin%20A%20deficiency
BT corn
EN - Meaning: Corn genetically engineered to produce Bt toxin (from Bacillus thuringiensis) that kills certain insect pests. - Key idea: Can reduce insect damage, but may raise concerns about resistance and ecological effects.
中文 - 含义：Bt 玉米：转基因玉米，可产生 Bt 毒素（来源于苏云金芽孢杆菌），用来杀死特定害虫。 - 关键点：可减少虫害，但也可能引发抗性与生态影响等问题。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=Bt%20corn - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=Bt%20corn
Golden Rice
EN - Meaning: A genetically modified rice designed to produce provitamin A (β-carotene) in the grain. - Key idea: Intended to reduce vitamin A deficiency where rice is a staple food.
中文 - 含义：黄金大米：一种转基因水稻，使稻米籽粒产生前体维生素 A（β-胡萝卜素）。 - 关键点：目标是帮助减少以大米为主食地区的维生素 A 缺乏。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=Golden%20Rice - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=Golden%20Rice
β-carotene
EN - Meaning: A pigment that the body can convert into vitamin A (a “provitamin A”). - Key idea: Increasing β-carotene in foods can help address vitamin A deficiency.
中文 - 含义：β-胡萝卜素：一种色素，人体可将其转化为维生素 A（维生素 A 前体）。 - 关键点：提高食物中的 β-胡萝卜素含量可帮助缓解维生素 A 缺乏。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=beta-carotene - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=beta-carotene
genetically modified organisms
EN - Meaning: Organisms whose genetic material has been modified using biotechnology. - Key idea: “Genetically modified” includes transgenic changes (adding foreign DNA) and other DNA sequence changes.
中文 - 含义：基因改造生物：遗传物质经生物技术改动的生物体。 - 关键点：既包括转基因（导入外源 DNA），也包括其他 DNA 序列改变。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=genetically%20modified%20organism - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=genetically%20modified%20organism
GMOs
EN - Meaning: Genetically modified organisms; organisms whose DNA has been altered using biotechnology. - Key idea: GMOs can be used in medicine and agriculture, but they can also raise environmental and health concerns.
中文 - 含义：GMO（基因改造生物）：通过生物技术改变过 DNA 的生物体。 - 关键点：在医药与农业中有应用，但也可能引发环境与健康方面的担忧。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=genetically%20modified%20organism - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=genetically%20modified%20organism
transgenic organism
EN - Meaning: An organism that has a gene inserted from another species. - Key idea: Transgenic organisms are one type of genetically modified organism (GMO).
中文 - 含义：转基因生物：基因组中导入了来自其他物种基因的生物体。 - 关键点：转基因生物是 GMO（基因改造生物）的一种。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=transgenic%20organism - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=transgenic%20organism
genetic engineering
EN - Meaning: Directly changing an organism’s genetic material in a targeted way. - Key idea: Genetic engineering can include inserting genes, editing DNA sequences, or changing gene expression.
中文 - 含义：基因工程：以定向方式直接改变生物体的遗传物质。 - 关键点：可包括导入基因、编辑 DNA 序列或调控基因表达。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=genetic%20engineering - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=genetic%20engineering
transformation
EN - Meaning: A process where a cell (often bacteria) takes up foreign DNA. - Key idea: Transformation allows bacteria to receive recombinant DNA plasmids and copy the inserted gene.
中文 - 含义：转化：细胞（常指细菌）摄取外源 DNA 的过程。 - 关键点：细菌摄取重组质粒后，可复制插入的基因。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=bacterial%20transformation - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=bacterial%20transformation
plasmid
EN - Meaning: A small circular DNA molecule in bacteria, separate from the main chromosome. - Key idea: Plasmids are commonly used as vectors for gene cloning.
中文 - 含义：质粒：细菌中独立于染色体的小型环状 DNA。 - 关键点：常被用作基因克隆的载体。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=plasmid - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=plasmid
vector
EN - Meaning: A carrier DNA molecule used to transfer a gene into a host cell. - Key idea: Plasmids and viruses can act as vectors depending on the application.
中文 - 含义：载体：用于把目标基因带入宿主细胞的 DNA 载体分子。 - 关键点：质粒与病毒都可作为载体（取决于用途）。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=genetic%20vector - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=genetic%20vector
recombinant DNA
EN - Meaning: DNA formed by joining genetic material from different sources. - Key idea: Recombinant DNA is central to gene cloning and many GM techniques.
中文 - 含义：重组 DNA：把来自不同来源的遗传物质连接在一起形成的 DNA。 - 关键点：是基因克隆与许多转基因技术的核心概念。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=recombinant%20DNA - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=recombinant%20DNA
biotechnology
EN - Meaning: Using living organisms, cells, or biological molecules to make products or solve problems. - Key idea: Biotechnology includes techniques like cloning, genetic engineering, and gene therapy.
中文 - 含义：生物技术：利用生物体、细胞或生物分子来制造产品或解决问题。 - 关键点：包括克隆、基因工程、基因治疗等技术。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=biotechnology - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=biotechnology
cloning
EN - Meaning: Producing genetically identical copies of DNA, cells, or organisms. - Key idea: Cloning can refer to copying a gene (gene cloning) or making a whole organism copy.
中文 - 含义：克隆：复制出遗传信息相同的 DNA、细胞或个体。 - 关键点：既可以指基因的复制，也可以指细胞/个体层面的复制。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=cloning - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=cloning
gene cloning
EN - Meaning: Making many copies of a specific gene or DNA fragment. - Key idea: A gene is inserted into a vector (often a plasmid) and copied inside a host cell such as bacteria.
中文 - 含义：基因克隆：把某个特定基因/ DNA 片段复制出许多拷贝。 - 关键点：常将基因插入载体（如质粒），再进入宿主细胞（如细菌）中复制。
Images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=gene%20cloning - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=gene%20cloning
I choose to think of it as the pre-chorus now typically the pre-chorus comes after the verse and before the chorus here there is no chorus that follows it it just goes straight into verse two but that's not totally unheard of in pop music and rock and things like that and the next time the pre-chorus happens it does lead into the chorus so I justify that
pre-chorus 前副歌
通常銜接副歌，但此處第一次出現後，又立即回到主歌。這在流行曲和搖滾樂並不少見。
so so far the whole tune has been an unnatural minor but in that verse Paul McCartney switches from a natural minor to e Dorian mode and the two scales are a little bit different so here's a Dorian mode it's identical to E natural minor except for this this sixth scale degree so an e natural minor it's C natural you need Dorian it's C sharp and that's a subtle change but it does change the mood quite a bit
mode 調式
Dorian 多利安調式，最接近 Aeolian/自然小調，但是較不全盤悲傷憂鬱，因為有那一個突出的升高半音的第六音。
想想 Scarborough Fair 的第二個樂句，本來以爲是自然小調，但聽到 35653#423 -> 應換成多利安來思考，於是變成 61216756 （不再有臨時升降記號）。全曲應該改成多利安調式的思考：第一樂句於是從自然小調 663337176 變成 226663432。很妙吧！
that one all of a sudden instead of falling on the downbeat falls on beat three right in the middle of the bar
（四四拍小節）第三拍：不能稱爲 downbeat（只能指第一拍），這是「次強拍」。
so far in the tune all of the chord changes have happened on down beats
downbeat: 每一小節（這裡是四四拍）的第一拍
misbegotten
badly conceived, designed, or planned.
impetus
that force that makes something happen or happen quickly.
eri-‘sively
expressing contempt or ridicule
etymologically
relating to the origin and history of words.
dichotomous
characterized by the complete contrast of two things
pervaded
To be present and apparent throughout.
egalitarianism
The belief that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
a term of art
copper light
coprolite 糞化石
he official daily record, or wardiary (Kriegstagebuch),
"Barbarossa decree,"
actions of German soldiers against Russian civilians would not be judged by military law, in practice a license to shoot Russian Jews
Kommissarbefehl, or "commissar order,"
all Communist functionaries in the army as well as those in the civil administration suspected of being in any way anti-German-were to be denied prisoner of war status and executed
Reinhard Heydrich were thenotorious Secret State Police (Geheime Staatspolizei, or Gestapo), to combat the regime's political enemies, and the Criminal Police (Kriminalpolizei, or Kripo), which was basically adetective force for nonpolitical crimes.
counterrevolutionaryparamilitary units known as the Freikorps
the OrderPolice (Ordnungspolizei, or Orpo) and on its role in the Nazipolicy of murdering the Jews of Europe
It was with an uncomplicated sense of superi-ority that even ordinary Landser (as German soldiers called them-selves) regarded themselves in the first two years of the war.
Landser - german soldier
recisely becauseGermans had begun to think in terms of Feindbilder, or “visions ofthe enemy,” Goebbels regarded exhibitions such as these a “fantas-tic success.”
feindbilder - an idea of an enemy, a created image
Setapart from the familiar social contexts of family, work, and school,the closed camp was designed to break down identifications withsocial milieus and to promote Entbürgerlichung (purging bourgeoiselements) and Verkameradshaftung (comradeship) as part of theprocess of Volkwerdung, “the making of the people,” as the pecu-liar idiom of National Socialism put it.
entbürgerlichung - purging bourgeois elements
verkameradshaftung - comradeship
volkwerdung - the making of the people
Sühneleistung, or “atonement fine,” which a ministerial conferenceset at one billion marks. Jewish taxpayers were required to handover 20 percent of their total assets in four installments ending inAugust 1939.
sühneleistung- atonement fine
Run largely alongside the state justice and penal system, concen-tration camps became a dumping ground for Gemeinschaftsfremde,“enemies of the community,” who were to spend the rest of theirlives thrown away.
gemeinschaftsfremde - enemies of the community
“In the language used by both the Nazis and the sci-entists, this policy was called ‘Aufartung durch Ausmerzung,’”improvement through exclusion.
Aufartung durch Ausmerzung - improvement through exclusion.
Nazi pedagogues extolled das Lager, “the camp,”as the privileged place where the “new generation was finding itsform.”
das lager - the training community camps for german children
a domestic-sounding vocabulary; a rhetoric of “cleaning,” “sweeping clean,”“housecleaning” strengthened the tendency to see politics in thedrastic terms of friends and foes
“glitterwords” such as “normal,” “gene,” and “alien,” passed into ev-eryday speech
interesting to note how nazi regime and vocabulary/popular culture very closely tied, the use of nazi-aligned vocab normalized the presence of these discriminatory policies
With the cheerful slices of German life they broadcastand the national audience they pulled together, radio plays recrea-ted the people’s community. It produced the effect of being unteruns, “just us.”
unter uns - only us, (us referring to ethnic germans, the feeling of inclusion in a special group)
On these occasions, friends and neighbors knew they wouldfind one another in front of the radio and could later share im-pressions—in this sense, Gemeinschaftsempfang, collective recep-tion, had been achieved.
gemeinschaftsempfang - communal listening, the understanding that everything you hear is what everyone else is also hearing and the sense of solidarity you gain from it
A jumble of Nazi acronyms (WHW, DAF, RAD, HJ), workadayabbreviations (Bomber, Laster), and a thoroughly militarized vo-cabulary, including words like Einsatz, Sturm, and Kampf
interesting to note-- normalization of military vocab, nazis make their mark on german society and make germans feel scared but prepared, reliant on nazis
a“Machbarkeitswahn,” modernity’s heady sense of the possible thatepitomized National Socialism as it charged into the future.
machbarkeitswahn - the possibility of achieving something / making change
Coordination, or Gleichschaltung, hit working-class as-sociational life especially hard.
gleichschaltung - coordination, in this context the systematic takeover of nazi ideology in social groups
the Nazis recognized only Volkskameraden, people’s com-rades, and Volksfeinde, enemies of the people, whom they sub-jected to deliberate and refined cruelties in a “willful transgressionof norms.
volkskameraden - people's comrades
volksfeinde - enemies of the people
The enduring popularity of the Nazis rested on the idea of theVolksgemeinschaft, or people’s community.
volksgemeinschaft - people's community
an Umwälzung, a sudden, unexpected overthrow, in which many ofhis neighbors underwent a rapid Umstellung, an adjustment or con-version, to Nazism.
umwälzung - sudden overthrow
umstellung - sudden adjustment
lowdown
細節
fully featured
功能齊全的
jostled
擠在一塊
Chromostereopsis
n. 色立體現象 /kroU moU stI rI "Qp sIs/
Don't specialize, hybridize October 31, 2022 · 2 minute read Specialization is too heavily encouraged as a career path. Becoming a generalist is one alternative, but there is another path less discussed: become a hybrid. The hybrid path means developing expertise in two or more distinct areas. Having several specialities allows you to see patterns that no one else can see, and make contributions that no one else would think of. The world needs more hybrid people. Specialization is attractive. Many famous people you know are specialists. Specialization feels like the only way to pick the high-hanging fruit in fields where the low branches are bare. Specialization feels like a more predictable and measurable path. The world needs more hybrid people because the world is getting more complex. Specialists are important because they help us push the limits in each field. But we also need people who can see the big picture, find unexpected connections, and guide the world’s efforts.
hybridize 培養多重專技
權利感（entitlements）
雖可複數，我會說sense of entitlement。 這是一種概念，使用單數的場合遠大於多數。
動物死後分成三階段，亦即 (1)死後硬直(rigor mortis)、 (2)自家消化 (autolysis)、 (3)腐敗(putrefaction)
快手（低配版的抖音）
低配（低級配備） low-end
抖音的美國版：TikTok
不能培養英語思考力的雙語教育是失敗的
EMI (English as the medium of Instruction) 全英語教育
avenue
avenue 管道，方法, not "venue"
front-loaded
I'm actually not sure what this means.
It added it was committed to delivering the safest possible service.
官腔 perfunctory bureaucratese/officialese
Yuen-Hsien Tseng「During the pre-training phase, GPT predicts missing words in sentences based on the surrounding context.」預測句子中缺失的單詞來學習上下文的關係，是BERT，不是GPT。
BERT?
《The Tech Contracts Handbook 》(暫譯：科技合約口袋書)
handbook 口袋書
最近第二次看到handbook翻作「口袋書」，其實也挺好的，更對應的詞是pocketbook。handbook意指可以拿在手上翻閱，但不見得都袖珍到能放入口袋。
楣樑(柱頂楣構) Note: 主要用於古典建築物，是古典柱頭頂部三大主要部份中位置最低的一個，擱在圓柱頂板上，包含以過樑方式橫跨圓柱或角柱的水平橫樑。古典柱頭頂部的另外兩個部份為挑檐和檐壁。環繞門或窗，類似柱頂過樑的鑄模框架，稱為「楣樑飾邊」。環繞拱門外部弧線的裝飾板條，則稱「拱門緣飾」。
example of meta/hypothesis-on-glasp annotation
entablature 楣樑；柱頂楣構
order: 古典建築柱式(style, rule) e.g. Doric order
楣樑(柱頂楣構) Note: 主要用於古典建築物，是古典柱頭頂部三大主要部份中位置最低的一個，擱在圓柱頂板上，包含以過樑方式橫跨圓柱或角柱的水平橫樑。古典柱頭頂部的另外兩個部份為挑檐和檐壁。環繞門或窗，類似柱頂過樑的鑄模框架，稱為「楣樑飾邊」。環繞拱門外部弧線的裝飾板條，則稱「拱門緣飾」。
entablature 楣樑；柱頂楣構
order: 古典建築柱式(style, rule) e.g. Doric order
Ancient builders developed several Orders, or rules, for the design and proportion of buildings, including the columns. Doric is one of the earliest and most simple of the Classical Orders set down in ancient Greece. An Order includes the vertical column and the horizontal entablature.
order
cf wiki : Doric order
The Doric order was one of the three orders of ancient Greek and later Roman architecture; the other two canonical orders were the Ionic and the Corinthian. The Doric is most easily recognized by the simple circular capitals at the top of columns. Originating in the western Doric region of Greece, it is the earliest and, in its essence, the simplest of the orders, though still with complex details in the entablature above.
後備箱
tw: 行李箱 cn: 後備箱 US: trunk UK: boot
NO TRADITION IS sacred—not even trick-or-treating. In recent Halloween festivities, many Americans switched to trunk-or-treating. Instead of going door-to-door on neighbourhood streets, children shuffled between cars in parking lots and collected candy from their open boots, which were bedecked by giant spiders and terrible ghouls. It was the latest demonstration of something that has long been true: cars have a remarkably tight grip on American life. America is far more car-reliant than any other big country, averaging roughly two vehicles per household. This, in turn, is linked to many ills: obesity, pollution, suburban sprawl and so on.沒有什麼傳統是神聖不可改變的，就連“不給糖就搗蛋”也不例外。在最近的萬聖節活動中，許多美國人把它改成了“後備箱討糖”。孩子們不再在街區里挨家挨戶地敲門，而是在停車場的汽車之間穿梭，從裝飾着巨型蜘蛛和可怕鬼怪的敞開的後備箱裡收集糖果。這再次反映了長期以來的一個事實：汽車在美國人的生活中擁有驚人的支配力。美國對汽車的依賴遠遠超過任何其他大國，平均每個家庭大約擁有兩輛車。而這又與許多弊病相關聯：肥胖、污染、郊區無序擴張等。
urban/suburban sprawl 郊區無序擴張 （wiki: 城市/郊區蔓延)
可達性（accessibility）
Nice. I recently learned of 可及性 from a court interpreter colleague.
natural
a noun, not an adjective
forgo a lifetime of job security
forgo, not forego
Apple Watch supports a VO2 max range of 14-65 mL/kg/min that is validated for users 20 years or older
validation 驗證爲有效
見論文解釋
Verification, analytical validation, and clinical validation (V3): the foundation of determining fit-for-purpose for Biometric Monitoring Technologies (BioMeTs)
驗證、分析驗證和臨床驗證（V3）：確定生物測量技術（BioMeTs）是否合適用途的基礎。 #gpt
這裡，GPT 把verification、validation 都翻做「驗證」。我覺得verification是初步驗證、確認安全，validation是在verification基礎上，確立該方法一定的有效度。也許，臨時起意的話，validate我會翻「驗證/確立/確證/證明 有效」。
另外，會起意查詢validate這個特別用法，是因爲iOS Health app中，出現如「<某某測量/方法/app> is validated for <age group>」的說明。見官網。
Is Downloading Videos from YouTube and Other Sites LegalAnother common concern about 4K Video Downloader is whether it is legal to download videos from YouTube and other sites. The answer is yes, but with some caveats. According to the Fair Use Doctrine, it is legal to download videos for personal use, such as watching them offline or creating a backup copy. However, it is illegal to distribute or share downloaded videos without the consent of the copyright owner.
Fair Use Doctrine 公平使用原則
Because peak means the top, the maximum, it's possible to understand how people, even professional writers, confuse it with pique, as in the following examples: Revealing this new information to the police peaks their interest and now paints Shaw as a person of interest in Sophie's disappearance. (Washington Times) Sharon said he comes across many people who don't think opera is for them, but he hopes hearing about these kinds of "audacious experiments" will peak their interest. (Time)
If Washington Times and Time writers got it wrong, it's no wonder a transciptionist for Amanpour and Company did too:
Gen Alpha Is Here. Can You Understand Their Slang?
Gen Alpha 「阿法時代」「A世代」 2010-2020中期出生者：頂多14歲
槽點
槽點也就是現實中或作品中的某個人設、場景、行為等，令人想要吐槽道一些突出特徵、特點。（尤其是與一些梗有關聯時）當有讓人想要一吐為快的梗出現時,便可以說出"槽點滿滿的啊!"
Guess I have to pa the "Apple Tax" for full functionality
Apple Tax :-)
著名的恐怖谷理論描述，人類面對與人形越相近的物體好感度就越高，但是當物體與人高度相似，卻又帶有一絲非人的氣息，好感度則會突然下降轉為排斥。同樣的現象是否也出現在文字？當我們從資訊類文本移動到表達類文本，也代表文風越貼近人性，但在展現人性的關鍵時刻，AI文字卻有種莫名的突兀感。
恐怖谷/詭異谷 uncanny valley
the apocryphal frog in the slowly boiling pot of water
apocrypha. The story is said to be false: the frog is smarter than staying and getting boiled to death.
Measures of heart rate variability index language knowledge
index: 動詞，反映 #terp；掛鉤（A值隨B值變動、調整）
Writ of certiorari An order issued by the U.S. Supreme Court directing the lower court to transmit records for a case which it will hear on appeal.
abbreviated "cert" e.g. The supreme court has granted cert on the controversial case.
Abbot
a man who is the head of an abbey of monks. 男修道院長
strife
"an act of contention" 爭吵
bewail
"to express deep sorrow for usually by wailing and lamentation" 悲嘆
repented
"to feel regret or contrition" 懺悔
indignant
"feeling or showing anger because of something unjust or unworthy" 憤慨
temperance
"moderation in action, thought, or feeling" 節制
zeal
"eagerness and ardent interest in pursuit of something" 熱誠
avarice
"excessive or insatiable desire for wealth or gain : GREEDINESS, CUPIDITY" 貪心、貪婪
stoop
"to bend the body or a part of the body forward and downward sometimes simultaneously bending the knees" 彎腰
conjure
"to charge or entreat earnestly or solemnly" 懇求
toil
"long strenuous fatiguing labor" 勞苦
jurisdiction
"the authority of a sovereign power to govern or legislate"; 管轄範圍
drachm’
"a unit of weight formerly used by apothecaries, equivalent to 60 grains or one eighth of an ounce." 德拉克馬
vengeance
"punishment inflicted in retaliation for an injury or offense" 報仇
rejoice
"to feel joy or great delight" 開心
woe
"a condition of deep suffering from misfortune, affliction, or grief" 悲痛
endorse
"to approve openly" 認可
vicar
"an ecclesiastical agent: such as: a Church of England incumbent receiving a stipend but not the tithes of a parish" 牧師
hail
"precipitation in the form of small balls or lumps usually consisting of concentric layers of clear ice and compact snow" 冰雹
flax
"any of a genus (Linum of the family Linaceae, the flax family) of herbs especially : a slender erect annual (L. usitatissimum) with blue flowers commonly cultivated for its bast fiber and seed" 亞麻
ample
"generous or more than adequate in size, scope, or capacity" 寬闊
brethren
"plural of BROTHER" 弟兄們
boon
"a timely benefit" 福利
quenched
"to put out the light or fire of" 熄滅
motionless
"not moving; stationary" 不動
assailed
"to attack violently" 攻擊
dew
"moisture condensed upon the surfaces of cool bodies especially at night" 露水
perforates
"to make a hole through"; 穿過
tares
"the seed of a vetch" 稗子
slough
"a place of deep mud or mire" 泥沼
negligence
"the quality or state of being negligent" 忽略、忽視
laggard
"lagging or tending to lag : slow especially compared to others of the same kind" 遲緩的、落後的
courtesy
"behavior marked by polished manners or respect for others"; 禮節、禮儀
benignity
"showing kindness and gentleness" 良性
outrage
"an act of violence or brutality" 暴行
treachery
"violation of allegiance or of faith and confidence"; 叛變
desist
"to cease to proceed or act" 斷念
headlong
"without pause or delay"; 猛然地
astonishment
"a feeling of great surprise and wonder" 驚愕
pilgrim
"one who travels to a shrine or holy place as a devotee" 朝聖
brows
"eyebrow" 眉毛
unwonted
"being out of the ordinary : RARE, UNUSUAL" 非習常的
agile
"marked by ready ability to move with quick easy grace" 俐落
scorn
"open dislike and disrespect or mockery often mixed with indignation" 鄙視、蔑視
bend
"to constrain or strain to tension by curving" 彎曲
enswathes
"to enfold or enclose with or as if with a covering"; 包裹住
lingering
"to move slowly" 逗、留
reproach
"an expression of rebuke or disapproval"; 批評的話語
vermilion
"a vivid reddish orange" 珠
slopes
"to lie or fall in a slant : INCLINE" 傾斜
meridian circle
"an astronomical transit instrument having its vertical circle very accurately graduated for precise measurements of declination" 經絡圈
forebode
"to have an inward conviction of (something, such as a coming ill or misfortune)"; 預示、預感
fangs.
“a long sharp tooth”; 獠牙
hinders
"to make slow or difficult the progress of";妨礙
stain
"to suffuse with color" 弄髒
vanquish
"to overcome in battle : subdue completely" 擊敗、征服
ooze
"a soft deposit (as of mud, slime, or shells) on the bottom of a body of water" 爛泥
infamy
“evil reputation brought about by something grossly criminal, shocking, or brutal”; 醜惡的、聲名狼藉的
nape
"the back of the neck";頸背
demographics
demograpics = statistical information about people or groups of people
transcend
transcend = go beyond
immersive
pervasive = spread widely or surrounding almost completely
paradigms
paradigm ("pair-uh-dime") = way of thinking.
components
Components = parts; pieces
pervasive
Pervasive = everywhere
static
Static = not moving; stationary
Evaluation isthe worth of an argument.
Evaluation def
Whilethepreviouspitfallfocusestoomuchonanimaginedaudience,thethirdpitfalleauthor'sintent.
Describing authors intent def
describing the effect of the original argument. In thissituation, the writer describes how the argument (or a part of it) might affect an audience.
describing the effect def
Analyzinganargumentiscommonlycalledrhetoricalanalysis
Rhetorical analysis def
analysis seeks to make claims of fact rather thanclaims of value.
Analysis def 2
nalysis is the act of investigating how something works.
Analysis def
Appeals to value make a connection between the topic and a shared value or principle (such as fairness, equality, honor, kindness, selflessness, duty, responsibility, profit, or practicality).
appeals to value def
subject and a basic human need (such as intimacy, self-realization,
Appeal to need def
Appeals to emotion draw on the emotions (f s, hopes, sympathies, yearnings) of the audience.
Appeal to emotion def
Appeals to character draw attention to the arguer’s (writer/speaker’s) personal nature, integrity, experience, wisdom, or personality.
Appeals to character def
Golden age fallacies characterize the past as broadly and inherently better.
Golden age def
reductio ad Hitlerum.
reductio ad Hitlerum
Association fallacies claim that two people or things share a quality just because they are somehow associated, connected, or related.
Association def
Bandwagon fallacies claim that because everyone else is doing it, you should, too,
Bandwagon def
ed herring fallacies are deliberate attempts to change the subject. Instead of deal- ing with the actual argument, the arguer introduces irrelevant points to distract the audience.
Red herring def
Begging the Question (also called circular reasoning and, in Latin, petitio principii) involves supporting a claim by restating (in different words) the claim itself.
Begging the q def
Slippery slope fallacies claim that a certain way of thinking or acting will necessar- | ily lead to more of the same—that once you begin sliding down a slippery slope, you | will keep sliding.
Slippery slope def
on sequitur (Latin for it does not follow) skips or confuses logical steps. The conclu- sion cannot logically be arrived at through the premises.
Non sequitur def
Hasty generalizations draw conclusions based on too little evidence.
Hasty g def
Either/or fallacies oversimplify an issue by claiming that only two options exist when there are more options to choose from.
Either/or def
Post hoc, ergo propter hoc (or faulty cause-effect) fallacies claim that if one thing happened before another, then the first thing must have caused the second.
Post hoc ergo propter hoc def
Strawperson fallacies involve misrepresenting a position and then dismissing it as wrong.
Strawperson def
Ad hominem (Latin for to the person) fallacies are personal attacks. Instead of responding to the ideas someone has put forth,
Ad hominem def
A fallacy is a false- hood, so a logical fallacy is a logical falsehood that makes no sense within a given situation.
Fallacy def
Analogical reasoning depends on comparisons (or analogies).
Analogical reasoning def
enthymeme, which is a line of reasoning that contains an unstated premise. The unstated premise is so widely accepted that it goes unmentioned.
Enthymeme def
warrant, which is the link between a claim and its grounds (the claim's supporting reason). The warrant (which is sometimes stated, sometimes unstated) expresses why a person would accept a claim based on the grounds.
Warrant def
Inductive reasoning builds from specific premises and leads to a general claim.
Inductive reasoning def
Deductive reasoning builds a conclusion from accepted premises or general principles.
Deductive reasoning definition
ppeals are a major form of support in argumentation. They call on the reader's sense it of logic, character, emotion, need, or value,
Appeal def
SCENARIOS are fictional or hypothetical examples.
Scenarios def
ILLUSTRATIONS are graphic descriptions or representations of an idea.
Illustrations def
mples are specific occurrences of a p
Examples def
vidence is a type of support that already exists, unlike appeals, which are created by a writer,
Evidence def