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  1. Nov 2024
    1. both this circuit and its dopaminergic inputs are necessary for non-auditory vocal learning

      basal ganglia and dopaminergic inputs aer needed for non auditory vocal learnign

    2. reinforcement learning paradigm

      Recorded bird’s song for 3 days without interference/feedback Analyzed the pitch of each syllable during this to know its normal pitch range (distribution) Selected a target syllable with consistent and measurable pitch pattern Pitch threshold was set based on pitch distribution

  2. Oct 2024
    1. although the magnitude of electric current varied by a large amount across individual birds,

      a strength of the paper - adapted to the individual, standardized the effect or a limitation - not standardized shock magnitude

    2. target syllable

      target syllable = syllable 'd' Fig. 2C - qualitatively can see a shift downward in the fundamental frequency during washout you can see the bird returning to its normal habits

  3. Sep 2024
  4. Aug 2024