This is a big worry for me as well. In another assignment we were tasked with finding out who is behind communication and journalist companies. For most businesses it comes down to the bottom line. If social media leans towards one political party, it has the power to sway public opinion in government.

The term fake news has been thrown around lightly by people today and it is our responsibility to know its formal definition or what it entails. Among the many contexts it is used to today, it has assumed a political cloak wherein it is used to incite emotions rather than provide facts, and provide biased reports. This is misleading because it is more related to information disorders like misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation as the term 'fake news' is not limited to only news but to information in general. It has only taken on the form of mainstream media that is why people are mistaken of the term in general.

這就是andy field 在演講中談到的，誤解統計的新聞報導例子。他用改的寫的方式來修正這篇的內容。 資料來源：這裡

We must check online content for its accuracy and where it originated. The Internet is filled with inaccuracies and biased opinions. A public speaker must validate that the information used in a speech is true and be aware of opposing views that may invalidate a chosen source.

In regards to literation literacy information literacy has evolved from what it was to what it is now, back then they would use references and sources to get information. Now it says in order for you to talk about news you just have to be equipped with the ability to recognize the information to report on. Fake news now today can be just a lot of made up things to make an individual look bad and people would believe it even if it is not even true or real facts.

Existe t-il des expériences similaires en France? Ailleurs?

Does media literacy generate outcomes other than helping with fake news?

Google's parent company now includes information disorder as a factor in its profitability and success.

I assume Mike is connecting this to his thinking about how we need effective news filters in order to shoulder a large part of the responsibility for factchecking because we all don't usually have the time or the expertise.

This is a test comment ... ok, i think this is a lie

Summary: I really like this source because it provides amore in-depth analysis of Fake News Stories than my first article does. This source, just like the other ones I am showing for my annotated bibliography are all educational. (I think going over this again is not imperative.) Assessment: Everything I highlighted in yellow is something I believe might be more tricky to teach/talk to students with Disabilities about. This does not mean they are bad (they are actually great ideas to take in) I just have to think about how one can teach that information. What I highlighted in blue are tips the author said that I really appreciated and believe that a lot of people do not think about. I think people who are educated in a way about the fact that Fake News is out there would like this source. I see people who activley share Fake News everyday and there is no way this source would get them to see that all the news they know of is Fake. They would get really angry. That is why me educating my students about Fake News is so important! I think tis source seems less biased because in "Does teh story attach a generic enemy?" it includes the both the Liberal and Conservative side. Being liberal myself, I have been awre of mostly only Conservative Fake News that attacks liberals. Reflection: This source is a great addition for me because it gives me a more detailed lense through which to examine Fake News. It talks about points that rely on one's emotion as well as the actual writing. It gets to points that may are really important and go beyond the surface of a Fake News article.

This happened in Bangladesh. But the this news article is portraying that it happened in West Bengal.

https://www.altnews.in/bjp-asansol-incharge-postcard-news-spreading-fake-video-order-create-communal-discord-bengal/

Pew Center report.

Why today, digital/web literacy is more important than plain old info/news literacy.

Considering this for my tombstone.

Yes, in the end it doesn't matter if Trump has the overt intention of eroding the value of facts if his actions have that effect.

This is a core issue: not just disagreeing about facts, but disagreeing that facts even exist, locating "the truth" in the understanding of "you and I", the "common people", despite that there's no guarantee that our understandings are accurate.

Both Vectors

Fake news was spread by both people who believed it and people who thought it was funny. Interestingly, it was spread on both vectors simultaneously.

Poe’s law also played a prominent role in Facebook’s fake news problem, particularly in the spread of articles written with the cynical intention of duping Trump supporters through fabrication and misinformation. Readers may have passed these articles along as gospel because they really did believe, for example, that an FBI agent investigating Hillary Clinton’s private email server died mysteriously. Or maybe they didn’t believe it but wanted to perpetuate the falsehood for a laugh, out of boredom, or simply to watch the world burn. Each motive equally possible, each equally unverifiable, and each normalizing and incentivizing the spread of outright lies.

For some purposes it doesn't actually matter whether people believed it or not -- and this is where it gets interesting. The spreading of lies as hoaxes or lies as disinformation both undermine the idea of truth, and, as the author states, the "normalizing and incentivizing of outright lies.

Poe's law states that on the internet satirical expressions of extremism are not distinguishable from real expressions of extremism. A good example of this is how fake news (hoaxes) led to fake news (disinformation).

Poe's Law is also why categorizing disinformation as disinfomation is hard. We actually don't know the intent. We just know it is not true, manufactured out of whole cloth.

This is false. See http://www.snopes.com/wsj-different-trump-headlines/