Overwhelmed at the last, Job finally places his hand upon his mouth and succumbs to Authority, and is re:.

[14] With kings and counsellers of the earth, which built desolate places for themselves;

[15] Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him: but I will maintain mine own ways before him.

A theory, in short, is some-thing a practitioner consults when he wishes to perform correctly, withthe term "correctly" here understood as meaning independently of hispreconceptions, biases, or personal preferences.

The conceptual vocabulary of the law, Felix Cohen, lawyer and legal realist,  complained, refers not to items in the world, but to items within its own lexicon;  the vocabulary (and therefore the law) is entirely self-enclosed, and as a result its  terms are not truly explanatory because they never come into contact with the so-  cial realities they purport to order.

, constraint

In  what I earlier named a bounded-argument space these controls do not have to be  imposed by will because they are built into the structure of the discursive situation.  In a bounded-argument space, the things one is obliged to say and the things one  is forbidden to say are known in advance, either because they are set down in a list  of rules or because they are part of the tacit knowledge internalized by every  competent practitioner.

deshabille

Ginger Nut

Spitzenbergs

potations

obstreperousness

execrable

pantaloons

a dun,

blazonry

anthracite.

cannel coal

deficient in what landscape painters call "life."

But this is by the way.

Master in Chancery

not unemployed

John Jacob Astor

Imprimis

ch is what I would have preferred," Trump told reporters of the Kavanaugh confirmation vote.

If ever there were a newspaper headline custom-made for Jay Leno's monologue, this was it. Kids taking on McDonald's this week, suing the company for making them fat. Isn't that like middle-aged men suing Porsche for making them get speeding tickets? Whatever happened to personal responsibility?

THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN HAS BECOME, in two senses,an extraordinary preoccupation of the United States.

students moving from FYC into other writing sites use what they have learned in the FYC class to help them complete other writing tasks

Our research took place at Florida State University (FSU), a large, flag-ship, Research–1 institution in the Southeast US, had IRB approval and spanned two semesters totaling thirty-five weeks, over the fall of 2009 and the spring of 2010.

it was the language of the TFT course that pro-vided students with the passport to writing across multiple sites.

third,

second

irst, an Expressivis

we pursue this question by comparing the content taught in three different sections of first-year composition and explor-ing the efficacy of each in supporting students’ transfer of writing knowl-edge and practice.

we have yet to fully explore if or how the content in a first-year composition class influences the writing knowledge and practice students develop in such a setting, and thus the knowledge and practice they can use in other sites of writing

Abstract space is the product of a homogenizing power that as-pires to make space entirely transparent and legible, leaving no room for alternative voices.

ects is socially determined, and linguistic and socialprestige and stigma are intertwined. While linguists do not see these arguments asparticularly new or particularly provocative, the reaction from manyNew YorkTimesreaders appears to have been outrage.

They should be given every right in the world, and anybody who wants to hurt them is bad.

Because stand-up is a form and to subvert something, you have to do it perfectly first. I remember somebody showed me a talk show with “subversion” in it — the guy chainsawed his desk. It was so stupid. Why did you build a desk in the first place if you were only going to chainsaw it? Don’t have a fucking desk! You just want little drops of subversion. Letterman in the ‘80s would be 90 percent a great talk show and then 10 percent subversion. If you get to 30 percent subversion, you’re in Andy Kaufman land. If you get to 70 percent, you’re a guy on the streets screaming at people. What are you trying to subvert anyway? Entertaining people? It’s absurd.

At one point, Jane Fonda chides Macdonald. “I know you’ve done enough research to know [better],” she tells him, after he makes an intentional mistake about the role of a love interest in one of Fonda’s films. “I need no research to talk to you,” Macdonald responds, “because I’ve grown up with you. I’ve Jazzercised.” “That’s not what I did,” Fonda replies, referring to her workout videos, which were called Jane Fonda’s Workout. “Oh yeah, I know,” Macdonald says, “but they later called it ‘Jazzercise.’ They stole your idea.” Fonda nods, still slightly confused about what this conversation is about. It’s hard to blame her.

on

Because that’s just how we did it because we were men and this was our little terms of endearment. When I got mixed up with actors, I started doing that with them and they took it very personally because that’s not the way they operate. They’re more womanish, you know? So it wasn’t my fault! (l

Although the Phaedrus also criticizes the rhetoric of the day,4 it explains what an art of rhetoric would be: the speech of the true rhetorician is based on knowledge of the soul and its different forms and of the kinds of speeches appropriate to eac

e. Rhetoric is the counterpart of cookery, Socrates says, for just as cookery provides pleasure for the body with no regard for what truly benefits it, rhetoric gratifies the soul without considering its good. Consequently, rhetoric is ignoble flattery rather than art, both because it aims at the pleasant and also because it cannot give a rational account of its own activity.

He wants to learn, in other words, how to "make the weaker argument the stronger" (Clouds, 112-115

ut thousands of begatsare only written on air,and they remain unnamed,born forgotten,or wrongly remembere

Ishtar.

the Great Flood's blue-black

scripture and lore

And a river godfashioned woman from a man's ri

Euphrates

Tigris

Go to the temple and find the Woman of Red Sashes.Bid her to use her charmsagainst the wild manwho frolics with the dumb brutes.

till you are kneeling on the groundand gazing up at the sky.

dumb brutes of the forestand rejoice in their darkness

almost a man

our oldest law!

man-beast

deliberative, forensic, and epideictic.

tekmeria

persuasive in reference to some one

Now arguments that depend on examples are not less calculated to persuade, but those which depend upon enthymemes meet with greater approval.

Dialectic induction, in Rhetoric example; but when, certain things being posited, something different results by reason of them, alongside of them, from their being true, either universally or in most cases, such a conclusion in Dialectic is called a syllogism, in Rhetoric an enthymeme.

induction

but where there is no certainty and there is room for doubt, our confidence is absolute

in so far as it proves or seems to prove.

putting the hearer into a certain frame of mind

moral character of the speaker

Rhetoric then may be defined as the faculty of discovering the possible means of persuasion in reference to any subject whatever

the orator should be able to prove opposites, as in logical arguments; not that we should do both （for one ought not to persuade people to do what is wrong）, but that the real state of the case may not escape us, and that we ourselves may be able to counteract false arguments, if another makes an unfair use of them.

Nevertheless, Rhetoric is useful, because the true and the just are naturally superior to their opposites, so that, if decisions are improperly made, they must owe their defeat to their own advocates; which is reprehensible.

wherefore one who divines well in regard to the truth will also be able to divine well in regard to probabilities

forensic

deliberative

the artificial proofs,

therefore, it is proper that laws, properly enacted, should themselves define the issue of all cases as far as possible, and leave as little as possible to the discretion of the judges

Now, previous compilers of “Arts”4 of Rhetoric have provided us with only a small portion of this art, for proofs are the only things in it that come within the province of art; everything else is merely an accessory.

dicast

enthymemes

™invention∫

Perhaps epideictic rhetoric isbest regarded as any discourse that does not aim at a speciÆc action but isintended to inØuence the values and beliefs of the audience.

udicial, deliberative, epideictic

Homogeneous groups — whether they are united by ethnic background, gender or some other commonality like politics — tend to come to decisions too quickly. They settle early on a most-likely scenario and don’t question their assumptions, since everyone at the table seems to agree with the broad outline of the interpretation.A 2008 study led by the management professor Katherine Phillips using a similar investigative structure revealed an additional, seemingly counterintuitive finding: While the more diverse groups were better at reaching the truth, they were also far less confident in the decisions they made. They were both more likely to be right and, at the same time, more open to the idea that they might be wrong.

Utnapishtam

oblatum

videtur.

pertinebat

sedandam

optandum

maxime,

Quod

conentur,

“Woman to woman, I shared a connection with Omarosa as a friend and a campaign sister, and I am absolutely shocked and saddened by her betrayal and violation on a deeply personal level,” she said. “I hope it’s all worth it for you, Omarosa, because some things you just can’t put a price on.”

“diversity outreach,”

Thespace of politics is filled by dispute, contingency, inconsistency, unreason,and passion: here the arts of persuasion rule. Rhetoric is thus the key tountangling the legal and extralegal tensions shot through life in the com-munity, where the networks of identity that make up the civic self intersectand blur together

Cicero, always intensively studied for thelight his work sheds on the chaotic political developments of the 60sthrough the 40s BCEand on Hellenistic philosophy, has recently foundmore readers for his rhetorical and political theory.

Rhetorical discourse, I argue, directlyreflects and mediates the historical negotiation of power in the Romanrepublic among members of the elite senatorial order and between thatorder and the citizenry, a relation expressed in the well-known formulaSenatus Populusque Romanus.

Though it certainly seeks to discipline language and behavioraccording to standards imagined to embody elite norms, its appropriationof purportedly alien elements means that its prescriptions constructpolitical power in terms of communication—as fundamentally dialogicin nature—thus illuminating how authority, resistance, and consentachieve expression and interact with one another in the world

What is surprising, and what I seek to show, is how in its exposure ofpersuasive language’s power to sway, mislead, theatricalize, distract, anddelight, rhetorical discourse reveals unexpected (if often explicitly dis-avowed) points of resemblance between the reason and honorableauthority of free citizen men and the confusion and abjection that issupposed to be everyone else’s lot.

Cicero is not principally concerned inhis rhetorical writings with the ethical formation of the privateindividualbut with a civic ideal

If philosophy maybe “divided into three branches, natural philosophy, dialectic, andethics,” Cicero declares in his dialogue de Oratore (On the Orator), “letus relinquish the first two,” but, he continues, rhetoric must lay claim toethics, “which has always been the property of the orator; . . . this area,concerning human life and customs, he must master” (1.68).

Isocrates

we will also enrich our own politicalculture, I propose, if we examine Roman rhetoric’s contribution to idealsof civic identity—if we explore the meaning, in rhetorical discourse, ofdialogue, civility, and compromise, of the expression and the critique oftraditional authority, the limits of reason, and love of country

Above all, I concentrate on rhetoric’s representa-tion of the ideal orator, which I read as an exploration of the ethos of theideal citizen.

I treat rhetoric, especially the work ofCicero, as an extended engagement with the ideals and demands ofrepublican citizenship.

At the very same time, I go back to being completely convinced that these were legitimate I.D.F. special forces soldiers that had trained with these techniques or had actually used them.

The way it was explained to me is that there was a group of Israeli special forces soldiers that were going around the United States shooting a show for Israeli television about terrorism and how Americans defend themselves.

Nah, everyone goes birding with him.

Unlike the movement of the body, in scholarship we can—and often do—look at one piece of a system of communication without seeing its relationship to others.

US

as a force which connects us to the universe, and as a force which allows our body to make meaning from this connection. What we can understand from such a connection includes the distinction between our self and other selves, or our self and the rest of the world, but also, importantly, our relationship to the world, to other bodies in the world

Barbara Mahler,

Embodied rhetoric

"Aristotle is Not Our Father."

A cultural rhetorics orientation requires an investment in a methodological frame that values the relation among history, practice, and knowledge.

mainstream (and thus applicable to all peoples) or marginal

a practice that creates a decolonial space inside rhetoric studies. It is here, we believe, where we can forge necessary relations inside and outside of the university.

Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples

Linda Tuhiwai Smith

from an idea that the academy is apart from the "real" world to an understanding of the ways it's really an important part of systems that perpetuate oppression

how we do scholarship

that most of those people don't really care about what we do in the academy

The real danger is in ignoring content: if content has indeed changed the rhetorical game, composers who ignore it risk failing in their rhetorical attempts, and a field that ignores it risks marginalization and missed opportunities for growth.

Multimodal writing, a concept that has guided much of the field’s engagement with the digital, for example, typically construes digital composition in this way—as what Jodie Nicotra, in her discussion of networked writing, calls “the act of producing a discrete textual object” (261)

Additionally, as a number of popular writers have argued, networks value surplus over scarcity and, more arguably, democratic participation over hierarchy:

ent professions, both to better signal to employers that our students are prepared to do content work, and to offer students opportunities to engage directly with conten

n a multimodal writing class. Their work suggests that it is perhaps even possible to integrate approaches to writing-a

ng meets human needs—and exchange value—value based on profit—Trimbur points to the often-contradictory relationship between the two forms of value that is realized w

We might also consider creating courses that share language with the content professions, both to better signal to employers that our students are prepared to do content work, and to offer students opportunities to engage directly with content as a concept and set of practices.

Understanding how content travels and how to optimize it for successful rhetorical effect(s) in these travels is a key reason to attend to structure.

structure

about writing-as-content and content-related professional practices.

However, my argument is not that the writing metaphor should be erased or superseded, but rather that we should acknowledge writing’s unavoidable status as content, keeping the two metaphors simultaneously in mind both in individual rhetorical acts and in our under-standings of the field concerns of writing studies.

Can models of composition premised on stable rhetorical situations be deployed in a climate of what Jim Ridolfo and Danielle Nicole DeVoss call “rhetorical velocity”?

One of the greatest utilities of the content metaphor, I suggest, is that it moves us beyond a focus on the designed document and its digital equivalent, the text designed for screen display, and attendant concerns with modal affordances (i.e., what images do well, what words do well), concerns that have claimed an outsize proportion of our field’s attention in the early days of networked digital composition.

content is writing—or composed texts—also conceived of as digital assets, conditional in their shape and value, that are assembled within and pushed out to networks, where human and machine audiences will assess them, assign value to them, consume them, appropriate and repurpose them, extract from them, and push them into other networks.

Such commodification always happens to texts in circulation, says John Trimbur, in “Composition and the Circulation of Writing.”

Additionally, as a number of popular writers have argued, networks value surplus over scarcity and, more arguably, democratic participation over hierarchy: Clay Shirky’s Cognitive Surplus synthesizes both of these arguments.2Networks tolerate and, in fact, seem to want more content, from more people, than did pre-digital publication venues.

networked

When writing is content, then, we must imagine machine audiences, programmed to algorithmically manipulate any composed text—to mine, rank, process, match, reconfigure, and redistribute it—at many places in its rhetorical travels.

through structure and se-mantics,

Content has a core conditional quality, fluidity in terms of what shape it may take and where it may travel, and indeterminacy in terms of who may use it, to what ends, and how various uses may come to be valued.

text transformed into data”

also the values we must defend if content substitutes for writing in professional and other settings.

growth, merg-ing: the old thing, writing, is now also the new thing, content. The second implication is that of a change

I argue that the word content highlights important aspects of composing in the digital age that existing and popular language—such as digital writing or multimod-al—do not.

content is conditional, computable, networked, and commodified.

The first time I ever heard the word “content” used in its current context, I un-derstood that all my artist friends and I—henceforth, “content providers”—were essentially extinct.

Grabill

Common Places

studio

Etsi

cûra

Coe (2002), arguing against this dichotomy from a New Rhetoric (NR) perspective, pointed out that NR theorists view genre asa motivated, functional relationship between text type and rhetorical situation. That is to say, a genre is neither a text type nor a situation, but rather the functional relationship between a type of text and a type of situation. Genres survive because they work, because they respond effectively to recurring situations (p. 197).

It is in this sense that writing changes social reality and not only, as Lloyd Bitzer argues, in response to ex- igence.

Culler's conventions, Fish's strategies, are not present in the text; rather, they are part of the mental equipment of writers and readers, and only by examining this mental equipment can we explain how writers and readers communicate.

rhetorical reading

Instead, it aims to teach students “what’s going on with [their] writing and how writing works” (Wardle and Downs 2011, 1).

construct knowledge about

My emphasis in this chapter on teaching students how to learnto read rather than arguing for a particular reading approach, such as rhetorical or close reading, is modeled on Elizabeth Wardle and Doug Downs’ theory that rather than teaching students “how to write,” which suggests that there is such a thing as good writing across all contexts, we should teach them “‘how to learn’ to write” (Wardle and Downs 2010, 21).

77 percent of adults in a recent Monmouth poll said they think that TV news and newspapers at least occasionally regularly report fake stories. That number included 31 percent who said the news outlets report fake news “regularly” and 46 percent think they occasionally do. When asked to define the term “fake news,” 65 percent said it also applies to how news outlets make editorial decisions about what they chose to report, not just stories where the facts are wrong.

Forty percent of blacks in this survey said they live in suburban areas, and 19 percent said they live in rural areas. Often “inner-city” and “urban” are used to describe black people or black communities, but that perception is no longer accurate. (Census data shows that the majority of blacks do not live in cities.)

Impeachment is a dead end because the congressional jury pool is tainted

The New Folger Edition

“A threshold concept can be considered as akin to a portal, opening up a new and previously inaccessible way of thinking about something.” (p. 1)

They proposed the idea based on a round of interviews with economics faculty members.

Some prominent figures

t stage,the originsof“Pepe”,andthe supposedhijackingofPepebythe alt-right movement in a successfulattempt toturn it intoatwistedformofpropaganda tofurthertheircause.The underlyingquestion we willattempt toansweriswhether an int

younggirls,because those typesoffictionareoften theonlytypestoofferpositive,well-roundedfemale protagonists.When societyshamesyounggirlsfortheirinterests in these kindsofstories,girlsfindthemselvescutofffrompotentialrole models,fromrelatable stories,andfrom a widercommunityofgirlslike themselves.Representation matters,partic

By virtue of this, bullshit is a greater enemy of the truth thanlies are

The liar is inescapably concerned with truth-values. In order to invent a lieat all, he must think he knows what is true.

In fact, people do tend to be more tolerant of bullshit than of lies, perhapsbecause we are less inclined to take the former as a personal affront. We may seekto distance ourselves from bullshit, but we are more likely to turn away from itwith an impatient or irritated shrug than with the sense of violation or outrage thatlies often inspire. The problem of understanding why our attitude toward bullshitis generally more benign than our attitude toward lying is an important one, whichI shall leave as an exercise for the reader.

novel

Eric Ambler

Pascalís Wittgenstein

udwigWittgenstein

Longfellow

Nonetheless, I do notbelieve that it adequately or accurately grasps the essential character of bullshit

pleonastic

Max Black

7KH3UHYDOHQFHRI+XPEXJbyMax Black

My aim issimply to give a rough account of what bullshit is and how it differs from what itis not, or (putting it somewhat differently) to articulate, more or less sketchily, thestructure of its concept.

In other words

. In consequenc

Most people are rather confident oftheir ability to recognize bullshit and to avoid being taken in by it. So thephenomenon has not aroused much deliberate concern, or attracted muchsustained inquir

ne of the most salient features of our culture is that there is so muchbullshit

“These are unprecedented, brazen acts of censorship by a corporate monopoly that controls a primary channel of public communication,” said Nehlen, who’s running against Ryan in the GOP congressional primaries in Wisconsin. “It has severely compromised the integrity of our election processes, and Congress needs to hold public hearings and conduct a full investigation into these matters without delay.”

"First, we need to know more about how graduates with humanities degrees are doing in the workplace. Second, we need to know more about how the skills the humanities seek to impart -- critical thinking and communication skills, for instance -- actually matter in the workplace. And third, we need to be willing to adjust our views about which humanities aptitudes are significant (or not) in the extraordinarily dynamic workplace of the coming decades. Along the way, we’re also going to have to get a better grip on just how well we’re doing in fostering the capabilities we deem most relevant to work readiness and success."

“It’s part of our increasing tendency to value the conversation and the everyday over the experts and the formal,” she said.

mean- ing is relative to context

toxic waste, poison air, beach goo, eroded 215  roads draw nations together