10,000 Matching Annotations
  1. Apr 2026
    1. O human child!

      Why didn't the faeries simply say child? The specification of human implies that the child's humanity is what they were seeking. perhaps it was something they themselves did not possess.

    2. For the world's more full of weeping than you can understand

      The repetition of "the world's more full of weeping than you can understand is ambiguous because it can be interpretated as saving, but the title "The Stolen Child suggests the child was captured or lured.

    1. Overall, BIPOC audiologists and SLPs shared that although they may have experienced challenges such as social differences and questionable biases and discrimination, it didn’t change their commitment to continuing in CSD. But they said if graduate programs want to attract more BIPOC students to the professions, they need to step up efforts to be inclusive. In my conversations, four themes emerged: awareness, relationships, finances, and representation.

      right now there is two many things pushing BIPOC(Black, Indigenous and people of color) away from the field. they dealt with biases and discrimination that affected their relationships, finance and representation which causes them to move out of an industry they may really like, but the oppresion isnt worth it.

    2. The statistics clearly indicate that far fewer people who identify as Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) are drawn to the field than those who are White: In the 2021 ASHA Member and Affiliate Profile, 8.7% of speech-language pathologists and audiologists self-identified as a racial/ethnic minority; 3.6% as Black/African-American; 3.1% as Asian; 1.5% as multiracial; and less than 1% each as American Indian/Alaska Native or Pacific islander. (Not every respondent chose to self-identify.)

      I consider this still a big issue, Less and less students are studing communication, the individuals with dialectical differences are hard to teach General american english especially if you haven't mastered it. most of the individuals who grow up learning this way cant change their voice and or dialect.

    1. at 56 seconds, I really like when people pay a trick to prove their point and that's what he did here. He sort of bored everyone with something they would normally hear but instead it was made by AI. He really gets peoples attention and the viewers attention espesially when he mentions how a robot could replicate something only a human should. he describes the song saying "an old man singing straight from the soul" just for it to be AI.

    1. calcite is easily dissolved in acid and thus effervesces in dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl).

      The fact that calcite reacts with acid makes it easier to identify compared to other minerals. I think this is interesting because such a simple test can be very useful for geologists in the field.

    2. Calcite crystals show an interesting property called birefringence, meaning they polarize light into two wave components vibrating at right angles to each other. As the two light waves pass through the crystal, they travel at different velocities and are separated by refraction into two different travel paths. In other words, the crystal produces a double image of objects viewed through it. Because they polarize light, calcite crystals are used in special petrographic microscopes for studying minerals and rocks

      This property kind of reminds me of the refraction illusion that I was taught in middle school. Where you put a pencil in a cup of water, you could see the pencil "bending," but the light was making this illusion happen. In this case the light is traveling differently, giving us the illusion that light is "bending."

    3. Many non-silicate minerals are referred to as salts. The term salts used here refers to compounds made by replacing the hydrogen in natural acids. The most abundant natural acid is carbonic acid that forms by the solution of carbon dioxide in water. Carbonate minerals are salts built around the carbonate ion (CO3-2) where calcium and/or magnesium replace the hydrogen in carbonic acid (H2CO3).

      I quoted this section because the passage clearly explains the process of salt minerals when hydrogen in an acid is replaced by a metal. This helps me understand the creation of carbonate minerals, identifying their chemical structure.

    1. Upon death, their hard parts accumulate on the ocean floor as sediments and eventually may become the sedimentary rock limestone.

      The process of shells accumulating and eventually forming limestone shows how materials from living organisms can become part of the rock cycle over time. I think this is interesting because it connects past life directly to the formation of Earth’s surface.

    2. Heat is energy that causes atoms in substances to vibrate. Temperature is a measure of the intensity of the vibration. If the vibrations are violent enough, chemical bonds are broken and the crystals melt releasing the ions into the melt. Magma is molten rock with freely moving ions. When magma is emplaced at depth or extruded onto the surface (then called lava), it starts to cool and mineral crystals can form.

      Out of the 3 precipitations, the magma one is my favorite because this process can form crystal minerals from intense heat. This shows how nature has been doing its own thing for millions of years and will continue by using heat to create something we find amazing.

    1. During the attacks and exploits phase, the penetration tester attempts to exploitvulnerabilities discovered during information gathering. This may involvetechniques such as social engineering attacks, system-level exploitation, or webapplication attacks. The objective here is to achieve initial access in a controlledand documented manner

      Needs a lot of attention

    Annotators

    1. Ionic bonds, also called electron-transfer bonds, are formed by the electrostatic attraction between atoms having opposite charges.

      Ionic bonding is important because it shows how minerals are formed through the attraction of opposite charges. This makes it easier to understand how compounds like salt or calcite are created in nature.

    2. Isotopes are forms of an element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

      I think this is interesting because it shows how small changes in neutrons can affect measurements used in science.

    3. Most minerals are also compounds of more than one element. The common mineral calcite has the chemical formula CaCOA3 indicating the molecule consists of one calcium, one carbon, and three oxygen atoms. In calcite, one carbon and three oxygen atoms are held together by covalent bonds to form a molecular ion, called carbonate, which has a negative charge.

      I highlighted this section because the text clearly explains that minerals are made of multiple elements from the periodic table. This section helps me understand the building blocks of mineral formation, even providing an example of the chemical formula for calcite.

  2. social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
    1. Gender Pay Gap Bot [@PayGapApp]. Gender Pay Gap Bot (@PayGapApp). March 2023. URL: https://twitter.com/PayGapApp (visited on 2023-12-02).

      The gender pay gap bot essentially replies to tweets that have tagged their account with a statement if women's and mens pay is equal at that company. If accurate, I think that this could be a good way to gauge the surface level of industries that have a gender wage gap or not. One thing that I thought was interesting was how all the posts that this bot replied to were from International Women's Day.

    2. Sean Cole. Inside the weird, shady world of click farms. January 2024. URL: https://www.huckmag.com/article/inside-the-weird-shady-world-of-click-farms (visited on 2024-03-07).

      This article explains how these dystopian looking click farms use large numbers of phones and accounts to artificially boost likes, follows, and engagement on social media. This tricks the algorithm into promoting content and makes it seem more popular than it really is. It highlights how this can spread misinformation and influence what people believe and see on the internet and ultimately cheat the system to get visibility online.

    1. CompTIA PenTest+ PT0-003 Certification Exam: Exam Objectives Version 3.0Copyright © 2023 CompTIA, Inc. All rights reserved.Explain the components of a penetration test report

      !!! MISSED QUESTIONS HERE !!!

    Annotators

    1. aber sie erreicht keine Privatpersonen.

      Earlier in the article, the opposite is argued: That private buyers actually do benefit from this, indirectly. Would change the phrasing here a bit to account for that

    2. Hat der Förderstopp überall in Europa den gleichen Effekt wie in Deutschland? Was haben Länder ohne Einbruch anders gemacht? Was können wir aus dem Vergleich lernen?

      Again, wouldn't need the questions here

    3. Das sind 74 % unter dem Ziel.

      this number seems wrong, isn't it ca. 50 %? I would delete the sentence in any case because the prior sentence makes the point clear already

    4. bevorzugen 50 % der Autokäufer weiterhin einen Verbrenner

      What exactly is the paradox? If 50% prefer a combustion engine, that means that 50% prefer a BEV or such? Do the actual numbers show "the opposite" as the next sentence claims? This needs to cleared up

    5. Laut einer Studie des Center Automotive Research (CAR) betrug der durchschnittliche Mehrpreis eines E-Autos gegenüber einem vergleichbaren Verbrenner Anfang 2026 nur noch 1.340 Euro, nach 7.300 Euro ein Jahr zuvor.

      Is this true for the German market or globally? I'm a bit surprised the number is supposed to be that low in Germany

    6. Wie entwickelt sich der Gebrauchtmarkt für E-Autos? Warum überholen Gebrauchtkäufe die privaten Neuzulassungen? Was bedeutet der Wertverlust für Käufer und Verkäufer?

      as above, I personally wouldn't need these questions here and if anything, would prefer them as sub-headlines for the single section within this chapter

    7. erreicht der gewerbliche Anteil seinen Höhepunkt bei über 75 %.

      After this, it first turned around because private buyers made use of the Umweltbonus before it ran out in December 2023. This should be acknowledged

    8. batterieelektrischer Fahrzeuge (BEV)

      use this the first time "BEV" is mentioned in the article so it is clear from the beginning what BEV stands for. after that you can also only use the abbreviation

    9. Wie hat sich der E-Auto-Markt seit dem Förderstopp entwickelt? Wie viele E-Autos gibt es aktuell in Deutschland? Ist die Erholung 2025 nachhaltig oder nur ein Strohfeuer?

      Maybe that's just me but I find don't need this questions. They feel a bit much after just reading 8 chapter headlines in the content overview.

    10. Was keine Prämie geschafft hat, schafft jetzt der Gebrauchtmarkt

      The word "E-Autos" should be included in the headline, I think. For example: "E-Autos: Was keine Prämie geschafft hat, schafft jetzt der Gebrauchtwagenmarkt". That's solid. Also, try to find version that is a bit snappier and straighter to the point.

    1. The figure shows the minerals associated with specific hardness values, together with some common items readily available for use in field testing and mineral identification. The hardness values run from 1 to 10, with 10 being the hardest; however, the scale is not linear. Diamond defines a hardness of 10 and is actually about four times harder than corundum, which is 9. A steel pocketknife blade, which has a hardness value of 5.5, separates between hard and soft minerals on many mineral identification keys.

      This paragraph explains how the Mohs Hardness Scale works and gives examples of the type of items that have different hardness values. This is another way of figuring out what type of mineral we may find. This method is not new but rather recently looked into.

    1. The chemical formula is (Fe,Mg)2SiO4. As previously described, the comma between iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) indicates these two elements occur in a solid solution. Not to be confused with a liquid solution, a solid solution occurs when two or more elements have similar properties and can freely substitute for each other in the same location in the crystal structure.

      I found this part interesting because two or more elements with similar properties within the crystal structure can substitute each other to create one mineral.

    2. Silicate minerals form the largest group of minerals on Earth, comprising the vast majority of the Earth’s mantle and crust. Of the nearly four thousand known minerals on Earth, most are rare. There are only a few that make up most of the rocks likely to be encountered by surface dwelling creatures like us.

      I chose to quote this section because it shows that even though the Earth contains thousands of rare minerals, a huge portion of them that we’ve seen are part of the silicate family. This helps me distinguish between common and uncommon minerals that make up most of the Earth.

    1. Is this a large part of why white supremacy is so prevalent? Because of a recognized tendency to step out of the social norms of monogamy and commitment while people of color tend to value long-term monogamy more fundamentally?

    2. I find it quite plausible that despite carrying the facade of impeccable purity, many in this era were likely quite obsessed and quite deviant from what they deemed "acceptable" sexual behavior. Sexual exploration is fundamental to the human experience.

    3. As a recognized significant source of inequality, why has there been so little movement culturally towards a more equitable society here within the US?

    4. Having studied quite a bit about the feminist and gay movements and how they ramped up greatly during the 60's, I very much appreciate how the authors credited these events as important elements of how and why this article was written.

    1. So what are the ethical questions facing the designers and programmers of social media platforms? Are they responsible for designing their platforms around this accessibility issue, or is it the responsibility of users uploading image data to make their content accessible by using alt-text?

      Programmers of social media platforms that intentionally design their systems and interfaces allowing for negative impacts are responsibly even though in a way it is their job and money maker. It connects with my 2.2.3 comment about means. In a vise-versa perspective, should companies be held responsible for designing social interactions that cause damage to society for a living? Users are the pawns but the developers are the players in this structure.

    1. The ends justify the means.

      I find throughout life that character and intention may not align completely with the consequence. Humans are complicated individuals and unless you are the one who is responsible of the action, thought, or intent, you won't understand to the full capacity of all the information you need to make a fully-educated justification. I do not agree with the idea that the ends justify the means. It might be meant for a positive end, but that is basically the backbone of any tragic villain arc. On the flip side, what are the morals behind a bad intent done with good, or legal means? Can we kill a bunch of people for the greater good? Or cheat the system unfairly without breaking any laws?

    1. Oftentimes, we have found that people who lack an understanding of MLs and have a deficit perspective of them have not spent any amount of time in their communities. We have noticed through our own experience that a significant increase in the number of ML families present in a community may provoke feelings of panic and resentment from some community members. Some community members—especially those who have not spent time in a culture other than their own—may fear that ML families will take away resources and jobs from the community, will decrease home values, and will lessen their school’s academics.

      This selection reminds me of the times when segregation in schools was slowly changed into integration and many students of different ethnic and cultural background started joining white americans in schools. Because there was sadly a lot of controversy and fear back that that the african american, hispanic, muslim, etc. would affect the school's academics, decrease home values in white neighborhoods, and take away jobs. Even still to this day there are still some community members that are so set in that older systemic social construct because it was all they knew growing up. And it was because they never took the time to get to know those families and their culture.

    2. We all love to hear a good story, and MLs sharing their own stories is one way we can build bridges and help foster connections with ML students. Teachers of younger MLs can first model the task of students drawing a personal narrative storyboard or series of images, then have students write a response to the sentence prompt of their choice, such as “What’s your least favorite part of school? Why?” or “Share a favorite memory you have with a family member.” Teachers can ask older newcomer students to write a personal narrative and then share it with colleagues and school administrators

      This to me, would be a great thing to do during the first week of school. In my EDU 280 class we covered the importance of the first week of school because of the first impressions teachers and students make and how important introductions are to start building connections between teacher and students as well as students building connections with each other. And I think sharing a good story like this could be a good ice breaker or integrated into a fun activity to get to know one another. Of course that doesn't mean the story sharing idea couldn't also be used when a student transfers later on in the school year. The transfer student could still draw a personal narrative storyboard or write response to sentence promp of their choice even if its past the first week of school.

    3. Engaging in an assets-based approach with MLs requires a shift in our thinking from what we believe is lacking in our students to the many strengths and assets that they and their families already possess. To do this, we must take time to learn about our MLs’ and their families’ invaluable personal, cultural, social, and world experiences and draw from these strengths-based understandings to create instructional opportunities that are meaningful, purposeful, and appealing to our students. Not only will our MLs benefit, but native English-speaking students will learn from their ML peers and see them in a new light.

      As I started reading this selection, I started to think about how I recently learned about the importance of looking at our students strengths, weaknesses and learning about their families could help us be effective teachers. And reading about how doing the same for our ML students seemed to be an interesting expansion to what I've learned in that other course. I agree that drawing from that knowledge and implementing it in our lesson plans is an interesting idea, so that our native english-speaking students can learn from their ML peers and the ML students can likewise learn from their native-english speaking peers at the same time.

    4. Once we know more information about our students’ personal histories as well as academic backgrounds, MLs’ home language use and literacy practices should be used as rich resources in designing effective instruction. Educators can incorporate instructional practices into their lessons that provide students the opportunity to build on their knowledge and skills in their home language or languages (August et al., 2009).

      I think that its interesting idea for teachers to incorporate instructional practices into their lessons for students to build on their knowledge and skills in their home language or languages so that they don't have to lose that proficiency in their home language. I got to observe a DL math class during one of my EDU 280 classes and the teacher spoke through the entire lesson in spanish and encouraged her students to answer or ask questions in spanish so that they can improve on their math skills and keep up their spanish language skills at the same time. Especially since they were already taking some classes in english to learn english language as well.

    1. he League of Nations to stop German, Italian, and Japanese aggres

      The League of nations was fundamental in stoping the aggression of the violent countries trying to have power over other countries.

    2. , the Army Air Force (AAF) sent hundreds (and eventually thousands) of bombers to England in preparation for a massive strategic bombing campaign against Germany.

      The Army Air Force was helping in bombing Germany.

    3. It was the Soviet Union that broke Hitler’s army. Twenty-five million Soviet soldiers and civilians died during the

      The Soviet Union had recruited enough soldiers to broke down Hitler's army.

    4. . It split into three pieces and stood at the gates of Moscow, Stalingrad, and Leningrad, but supply lines now stretched thousands of miles, Soviet infrastructure had been destroyed, partisans harried German lines, and the brutal Russian winter arrived. Germany had won massive gains but the winter found Germany exhausted and overextended.

      Germany its obsessed to win territories. This is so sad. Its destroying a lot of lives and stability.

    5. Children were sent far into the countryside to live with strangers to shield them from the bombings.

      that is so sad because parents are being separated from their children. The worst fact... sending them with strangers.

    6. Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia and began to make demands on Poland. Britain and France promised war. And war came.

      Britain and France also joined the war

    7. The Japanese military was armed with modern rifles, artillery, armor, and aircraft. By 1940, the Japanese navy was the third-largest and among the most technologically advanced in the world.

      The Japanese military was really strong. It was the third-largest military most advanced.

    8. but the United States lacked both the will and the military power to oppose the Japanese invasion

      The United States couldn't help China because they didnt have much power as Japanese.

    9. Between 250,000 and 300,000 people were killed, and tens of thousands of women were raped, when the Japanese besieged and then sacked Nanjing.

      The Japanese launched invasion to China, which killed less than 400 hundred million of people and women were raped.

    10. The military took over Japanese policy. And in the military’s eyes, the conquest of China would not only provide for Japan’s industrial needs, it would secure Japanese supremacy in East Asia.

      What did the military did in China?

    11. Japanese military triumphed over the more moderate civilian government. Japan committed itself to aggressive military expansion.

      Japan did not only become the country who was taking territory of other countries, he also become a country to aggressive military expansion.

    12. war that would last thirteen years and claim the lives of over thirty-five million people.

      So because of the September 18 Incident and the Manchurian Incident, it lead to a war of 13 years?

    13. And when it ended, the United States found itself alone as the world’s greatest superpower. Armed with the world’s greatest economy, it looked forward to the fruits of a prosperous consumers’ economy

      From what I am understanding, at the end of the World War II, the United States had the greatest economy?

    14. The 1930s and 1940s were trying times. A global economic crisis gave way to a global war that became the deadliest and most destructive in human history. Perhaps eighty million individuals lost their lives during World War II.

      World War II, it was due to a global crisis, which millions of people died.

    1. Can you find any pairs where the analogy doesn't work?

      sock, feet glove, hand

      is an exception - in general might not be a super interpretable in the embedded space

    1. Claude: Resources page shortening suggestions:

      1. Remove duplicate tool cards — the Dashboard + Learn page cards are identical to what's on the About page. Replace with a compact one-liner: 'Interactive tools: Dashboard · How CM is Made · TEA Comparison · Technical Docs'

      2. Add TEA Comparison link — the new compare.html page systematically compares Pasitka, Humbird, CE Delft, GFI, and Goodwin. This is directly relevant to the reading list context.

      3. Keep the Shared Reading Collection — it serves a unique purpose (downloadable PDFs) not available elsewhere.

      4. Keep the PQ Database section — it's the canonical link set.

    1. Claude: Workshop page shortening suggestions:

      1. Remove the 'Suggested Reading' fold (lines 103-124) — this duplicates the reading list on resources.html. Replace with: 'See our Resources page for suggested reading and key papers.'

      2. Tighten crux card descriptions — now that the dashboard has a dedicated TEA Comparison page, the crux cards can be 1-2 sentences shorter. Link to compare.html for detail.

      3. Add compare.qmd to the tool cards alongside Dashboard and Learn page.

      Estimated savings: ~40 lines, plus reduced reader burden from not seeing the same reading list twice.

    1. Does gene editing regulation affect growth factor costs?

      Claude: Suggest moving this entire discussion to the workshop site. This is a workshop-specific topic about how to frame CM_01, not dashboard educational content.

      Replace with a one-line link: 'Regulatory implications for growth factor costs and how they affect CM_01 framing are discussed at our workshop site.'

      Same applies to the 'Which market?' section further down. Together these save ~40 visible lines and reduce cross-site duplication.

    2. The Serum-Free Challenge

      Claude: Suggest collapsing this entire FBS subsection into a single fold titled 'Historical note: Why the industry moved to serum-free media.'

      One visible sentence: 'All commercial cultured meat uses serum-free media — here's why the industry moved away from fetal bovine serum.'

      The detailed explanation (what FBS is, why it can't scale, ethical issues) is educational but no longer reflects current practice. Nobody uses FBS. Folding saves ~25 visible lines and keeps the page focused on current cost drivers.

    3. Claude: Content trimming plan for this page (1,147 lines → ~700 target)

      Proposed changes in priority order: 1. Fold FBS/serum-free section — historical context, no longer reflects current practice. One visible sentence + collapsed detail. 2. Move jurisdiction & 'Which market?' discussions to workshop — these are workshop topics, not dashboard content. Replace with one-line links. 3. Fold GF signaling diagram — educational but not cost-relevant. Keep the price/solutions tables visible. 4. Bold audit — reduce bold to headings + key numbers only (addresses multiple reviewer comments). 5. Trim Further Resources — link to workshop resources page for full list. 6. CSS fixes — larger diagrams, less whitespace around SVGs.

      Optional: fold 2-3 SVG diagrams (cell banking, seed train) to reduce scroll length — the text already explains these steps.

      Full plan at .private/content_trimming_plan.md. Feedback welcome here or in chat.

    1. AI often provides vague, abstract examples, where you needconcrete (that is tangible, verifiable examples; something I can find myself if needed). Abstractexamples will not be accepted as valid evidence in the essays. For example, if you are analyzingpublic surveillance, and write, “surveillance companies that collect and analyze public data oftenbreach legal and ethical parameters”, this will not suffice.

      Need to fully explain where information is being gathered. Expect reader knows nothing about the outside world.

    Annotators

    1. We DO NOT provide pre-built indices for download. ganon can build databases very efficiently. This way, you will always have up-to-date reference sequences and get most out of your data. See examples below for commonly used sub-sets and the respective commands.

      Isn't there a tradeoff on reproducibility here with Refseq updates etc.? - I will need to ship off the ganon DB I built for someone to reproduce my results. But I guess that's ok dropping this in the supplementary data?

    1. It was Christian, he went on, because of itshistory, but still more because it communicated the purpose of the building in its architecture

      SLAYY

    2. Strikingly, by 1849 even the evangelical, Nonconformist Eclectic Reviewwas signing up to the symbolic supremacy of neo-medievalism. ‘In studying Gothic,’ it declared, ‘we studyarchitecture in the fullest development of its most essential primary conditions of being

      Interesting?

    3. In short, the rst generation of Victorians articulated a new conception ofarchitecture as a sort of text.

      Interesting? Would definitely say this fits with burges and bute, but not so much the churches

    4. ignicantly, Gothic styles were oftenpreferred for these new churches: partly because they were believed to be inexpensive; partly, as the Builder’sMagazine had suggested, because they were believed to be typologically appropriate; but—above all—becausethey enabled established churches to articulate a sense of continuity and thus assert their claims to be thenational church.

      SLAYYYY

    5. Thus, although it is nowimpossible to argue that the Gothic Revival of the nineteenth century completely replaced one style withanother, it is possible to argue that a Gothic revival of the nineteenth century helped change conceptions ofecclesiastical architecture most profoundly

      SLAYYYY

    6. Instead of seeing neo-medievalism as an essentially Anglican or Roman Catholic affair, they have pointed to the importance of adistinctive ‘Dissenting Gothic’.

      SLAYYYY

    Annotators

    1. But a sceptical public is necessary to compensatefor the proliferation of exaggerated claims, hype and ‘bullshit’ on high-tech ideasand products

      People now accept science and think it can provide "real" solutions to worldly problems. The problem of acceptance has been solved and now the focus is not to just believe science can help, but to understand the extent to which it cannot. It's dangerous to go from disregarding science as nothing important to holding it as the solution to everything without any skepticism.

    2. Reciprocally, the abundance and flourishingof science communication models and practices, directly interacting, stimulate thisvital dialogue between the community of researchers and civil society

      the greater advancements in science, the more willing the public is to learn about what is being experimented on/published. The more interested the masses are in science, the more support scientists receive to continue their experiments

    3. market signals

      when people hear that something is backed with "science", they are more likely to believe it. science is a foreign concept to most people but interpreted to be indisputable, so no one will think critically about what the statement is actually saying

    4. ‘knowledge is co-constructed’ in the act of marketing andnetworking; and the only bottom line is ‘profit = income exceeds costs’ at the endof day.

      Instead of science being studied for the matters of increasing intelligence, its become a bargaining chip in the business world. Focus is taken off of individual interests or more complex phenomena around the world.

    5. Commercialization of science boostsknowledge production, but also redirects research in favour of short-term projectswith immediate pay-offs;

      As more businesses sponsor experiments, the subjects of those experiments turn more towards business profits and marketable solutions (ex: anti-aging creams) for consumers rather than focusing on more long term questions

    6. The ever closer association of markets and scientific research is likely to lead toa clash of ethos

      the more science is being commercialized to increase marketing, the substance behind research is predicted to fall from curiosity into money-grubbing. The purpose of scientific research to expand the human understanding of the world will be undermined by profit

    7. Perhaps, in all modesty, those attempting the difficult art of science com-munication and popularization aspire to participate more in an evolution than a revo-lution of opinions, by enriching the democratic debate and developing the culture

      not necessarily done to make everyone into a science thinker, but to broaden their worldview into being able to recognize certain important scientific ideas

    8. The bullshitter is cynical tothe extent that they have given up any belief in truth as a regulatory social idea

      worse than simply telling something untrue, it is the process of removing oneself from the thinking process of deciding what is truth and the resulting decisions are made completely of their own interest with disregard for anything else. lying is intentional. bullshitting is meaningless speech or purpose

    9. two autonomous spheres, distinct from one another,and with one prevailing over the other; second, only a mastery of techniques andcommunication enable a rapprochement and the regaining of equilibrium

      we still face the problem of viewing the science world and social world as two different things which control their own little area, not a combination

    10. Was this a case of an isolated individual failing? Or is there systemic pressureat work to take risks and fake data because the gains are very high, whereasthe likelihood of being detected is very low

      Another instance of scientific integrity and discovery being undermined by the chance at profit

    11. Many researchers still feel that promoting science commu-nication should enhance the public’s scientific knowledge and lead to more gener-ous budgets for research. The industrial promoters and research managers generallyfeel that knowledge invites development support

      if people understand what scientists are trying to accomplish, they'd be more likely to funnel funds towards them to advance their research.

    12. Thesedata streams suggest that, in contrast to a cycle from initial disgust to everydayacceptance, nowadays the initial hype is followed by controversy and more soberpublic attitudes

      as more new discoveries take place, the process of absorbing the information is changing in society. its changed from (rejection, re-evaluation, acceptance) to (extreme interest, controversy, lower expectations of success). The public is now more interested in scientific discoveries than in the past but new problems have also come to replace the old ones

    13. And finally, economists conclude that ‘science is too important toleave to the scientists’

      what actual statement is this

      As humanity as a species advances, the world recognizes taht we are giving up things such as morals and materials for the sake of constant innovation. Pushback is being placed onto scientists because of a difficulty balancing past values with future ones.

    14. ‘Would you eat wormy sweet corn?’,while the GM variety was labelled ‘Here’s what went into producing qualitysweet corn’

      Certain language and terms are used to sway public opinion. Plain statements don't work well in capitalistic marketing

    15. we create an index of the scientific ‘ideology’that is normally distributed: the omnipotence of science, the control of sideeffects, the provision of a complete world picture, and the rejection of anyconstraints

      important for us to see how critical of science people truly are. Not that science is bad or harmful, they just think through a more skeptical lens where their thoughts can help challenge the community (good)

    16. First, the actors: scientists were reproached for remaining enclosed within auniverse of concepts and formalisms that kept them distant from the concerns ofsociety—which, paradoxically, was being transformed by the discoveries of thosesame researchers

      science was meant to stay out of the lives of people in terms of politics and other culture wars to remain in a neutral state. however, what people discovered had an impact on those communities so crossover was inevitable.

    17. people who are generally more knowledgeable and the older popu-lation. Those who are very interested in science tend to be less sceptical

      people who "know" science vs those who "believe" in it

    Annotators

    1. [Morten] Bay found that 50.9% of people tweeting negatively about “The Last Jedi” were “politically motivated or not even human,” with a number of these users appearing to be Russian trolls. The overall backlash against the film wasn’t even that great, with only 21.9% of tweets analyzed about the movie being negative in the first place. https://www.indiewire.com/2018/10/star-wars-last-jedi-backlash-study-russian-trolls-rian-johnson-1202008645/ [c11]

      This specific statistic about the backlash to "The Last Jedi" was really surprising to me, especially where over half the negative tweets weren't even from real people. I think this anecdote made me rethink about how I interpret online reactions, especially the fact it could be fake. Personally, this also made me realize how it easy it is to assume what we see on social media is definitive and real public opinion, when it can be heavily manipulated by fake data. It makes me question how often I've formed opinions based on something that wasn't representative of real people. I'm thankful that this was an eye-opening reminder to myself that I shouldn't be too critical of myself because it might not be real.

    1. they, too, must be viewed as the experiencing subjects of a life with inherent valueof their own

      main point on animals, we are all subjects of life, and thus have inherent value

    2. Only by ignoringsuch features, Rawls believes, can we insurethat the principles of justice contractors wouldagree upon are not based on bias or prejudice.

      These features aren't ignored. For example, POC argue that "colorblind" viewpoints are harmful to their causes as well, because it ignores parts of them that are important to their experiences and identities.

    3. there is nothing incontractarianism of the sort we are discussingthat guarantees or requires that everyone willhave a chance to participate equitably in framing the rules of morality

      Exactly, the justice point I though of earlier. If getting rid of a hospital reduces city noise, and that reduction of city noise supposedly has a greater collective benefit than keeping the hospital does, then contractarianism argues we should get rid of it. Is that really just? Is it really just cause deep suffering in our most vulnerable people, only to eliminate a mild inconvenience for the not-so-vulnerable majority?

    4. what duties we have grow weakerand weaker, perhaps to the vanishing point.The pain and death they endure, though real,are not wrong if no one cares about them

      Precisely. Why should we take on this way of thinking, that we have no duties to the beings different than us? It's a slippery slope, because they we narrow down who we do have duties to (so from living things, to animals, to humans, to perhaps only your race, or gender, or your country, speakers of your language, your family members, maybe only you and nothing outside you, you may end up narrowing down what "you" are to something ever smaller).

    5. contractarianism.Here, very crudely, is the root idea: moralityconsists of a set of rules that individuals voluntarily agree to abide by—as we do when we signa contract (hence the name: contractarianism).Those who understand and accept the terms ofthe contract are covered directly—have rightscreated by, and recognized and protected in.the contract. And these contractors can alsohave protection spelled out for others who,though they lack the ability to understandmorality and so cannot sign the contract themselves, are loved or cherished by those who can.

      Yep, this is exactly what was in Baxter's "The Case for Optimal Pollution." If you can't understand the contract, you don't get a say, but it's not detrimental because maybe someone who can understand does care about you.

      The advantage to that disgusting thought pattern is that at least we narrow down the information that may inform our decisions to something we can comprehend.

    6. Pain is pain wheresoever it occurs

      Pain is an interesting concept. There is a great deal of pain in the world, and ideally we would reduce it, but also, pain is biologically generated. So... if the goal is to reduce all pain in the world, then we could simply eliminate all forms of life that feel pain and/or suffer and that would do the trick. This is obviously a strange solution, so I believe there is something other than minimizing pain we are actually striving for.

    7. Л veal calf killed to beeaten after living in close confinement is viewedand treated in this way: but so, too, is anotherwho is raised (as they say) “more humanely."

      Yes, in the end of it all, no matter how the animal is treated in life, the treatment is simply in servitude of your own human preferences, and ends up in death.

      Compare the veal calf to a dog. If someone's dog was pampered and treated like royalty during life, and I ask to eat it after it has died, it is wrong because you don't view the dog as a resource, but somehow it's okay to perceive it that way for cows, pigs, and chickens?

    8. what harms them really doesn't matter—ormatters only if it starts to bother us

      This is how I reacted when I read "The Case for Optimal Pollution." Is all that matters really just what makes us feel bad, nothing more?

    Annotators

    1. this proposition seems to me unassailable butso general and abstract as to be unhelpful—at leastunadministerable in the form stated. It assumes wecan measure in some way the incremental units ofhuman satisfaction yielded by very different types ofgoods.

      Exactly! This logical/philosophical argument is structured in such a way that there is basically no way to argue against it, or even apply it in its truest form realistically.

      If I ever try to make an argument against it, suddenly it's "but you are human and that thing actually contributes to your well-being because you're arguing against it, which totally fulfills the criteria here." And if you're on board, how do you even measure these distant things? How do we anticipate how an action will even impact the well-being of humans, especially if the action has never been done before or is potentially irreversible?

      Philosophical arguments like this are simply useless as anything but a thought exercise because we can't even apply it as it states it.

    Annotators

    1. arlyle’s hope, as he describes it in Past and Present, was thatchivalric customs would be replicated in the modern industrial world to become ‘chivalry of work’: duty andobligation would become implanted in the soul of each worker

      slayyyy, this buidling of chivalry would alter attitudes

    Annotators

    1. We leave readers with a brief, yet we believe profound provocation to ponder on, which has (and will continue to) radiate in our own hearts and spirits. It's evident from our pláticas, that in our past work, we've felt a sense of urgency to change early childhood and bilingual education – but in this moment, we feel like there is an opening that didn't exist before. So we ponder, and invite all to reflect upon our roles in moving forward. With a building urgency for change, and the momentum and transformative possibilities this offers, weeks, months, and years from now, what will the collective ‘we’ choose to remember?

      Ending article with provocation, a question meant to make readers think about their role in shaping future of early childhood and bilingual education.

    2. We know not all white bilingual people have had the privilege of traveling abroad and learning a second language as an adult. Some grew up in neighborhoods of color or attended predominantly Latinx schools.

      It is important to not stereotype someone by their skin color. Their childhood could have been similar to yours.

    3. The profound injustice of slavery has been erased in our educational system in the US (Leonardo, 2013). The lynching of Black and Mexican peoples has been erased. Not enough people talk about it – especially with young children. They are very capable of having conversations about racialized violence, injustice, and inequities (Boutte, 2008; Doucet & Adair, 2013). What will education that centers these struggles and empowerment of BIPOC communities do to engage children in a way that compassion then exists for the Other, and just as importantly, a strong and actionable desire to not repeat history?I view this moment as a sort of metaphorical fork in the road. If we decide to go in a direction that we've always gone, where we completely erase and ignore violence against Black and Indigenous people, for instance, in our world and in our country – if we decide to go this route of erasure, we are merely repeating the past. In erasing or ‘forgetting,’ we are making a conscious decision in education to perpetuate structural racism, everyday racism, and anti-Blackness. We have a choice. If we choose to continue to engage in historical amnesia (Cordis, 2019), I won't be surprised if we wake up 20 years from now, or even sooner, and we have another Trump in power, because when you erase the lived realities of the oppressed, these are the consequences. The 74 million who voted for Trump are the consequences of our long standing white supremacist educational system. I view our job right now as continuing in the struggle, which we have always engaged in, but that we must continue to persist in.

      Michelle warns about the risk of erasing history in education and highlights the importance of teaching children about racialized injustice.

    4. : I agree, and I think, as well, that we're in a moment where there seems to be a heightened understanding about injustice. Some who haven't had this understanding or lived experience prior to Covid-19, are able to finally see the inequities that have surfaced to become more visible in the world (even though they've been there all along). So this could be a moment to hone, to say we're in this together. And knowing this, how do we, as you've talked about Paty, acknowledge and transform the colonial and racist ways that we have created and have lived in the world, including what we've done to our planet. So, in some ways, there are gifts in this moment, to be able to reconnect with each other, to have new ways of understanding that those with privilege might not have acknowledged before. This should inform how we move forward.

      Covid 19 has made injustices more visible, offering a chance for adults to learn and act together. Explaining how this moment is an opportunity to build empathy and understanding among people with privilege.

    5. In this final plática, we offer insights into possibilities for what the future might hold based on the foundations of early childhood and bilingual education, and what has transpired in the US and across the globe due to Covid-19 and a reckoning with anti-Blackness and racialized oppression.

      The authors are looking forward, considering how early childhood and bilingual education can grow after covid19. The future of education is tied to current global events like the pandemic and social reckonings with racism.

    6. It sounds like both bilingual education and early childhood education have applied theories (and created forms of measurement based on these theories) that have positioned children of color as deficit. This is what's so disheartening. From pre-birth and into the early years, Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) are talked about as being ‘at-risk’ because our/their ways of knowing and being differ from the universalized whitewashed standard that's been created (Brown, 2016)

      Michelle is pointing out how early childhood and bilingual education have historically treated BIPOC children as "deficient" because their ways of learning dont match white, middle - class standards.

    7. In bilingual education, we have a similar historical grounding as ECE, especially since much of the research has been conducted in the earlier years of life. Importantly, there is a difference in the research on bilingual education in the United States versus other countries because of distinct socio-political contexts (Bialystock, 2018). Also, many decisions made in bilingual education, dual language, and second language acquisition are based on constructs developed with sequential bilinguals – those learning a second language after six years of age (Escamilla & Hopewell, 2010; Baker, 2011). Only recently has there been a shift in paradigms with research done with simultaneous bilinguals – children learning or exposed to two or more languages from birth until they enter K-12 schooling (Escamilla & Hopewell, 2010).

      Paty explains that bilingual education has a history similar to early childhood education, shaped by research biases and that understanding this history is crucial.

    8. Some provocations that guided us in these initial pláticas were unpacking the whitewashing of these fields and deficit constructions of minoritized young children, especially those who identify as BIPOC

      Early platicas focused on examining whitewashing and deficit views in early childhood and bilingual education.

    9. Our pláticas on early childhood and bilingual education came about from weekly gatherings over the course of three months, in which we learned more about each other and built trust and rapport. As the pandemic of 2020 progressed and physical distancing became more important, we utilized Zoom to record and transcribe our on-going virtual pláticas. Using women of color feminisms to guide us and find points of connection, we discussed and reworked the transcribed text in order to share our pláticas with you – the reader – on past, current, and future visions of early childhood and bilingual education. In the forthcoming, we present these wonderings and provocations.

      The authors explain how they conducted their platicas over several months, including using Zoom during the pandemic, and how they organized their conversations for the reader.

    10. pláticas can result in a spectrum of sentiments, from the disheartening to the over joyous, through which learning and consejos happen. As such, through pláticas, Chicana/Latina scholars reclaim and legitimize not only knowledges from our communities, but also methods and approaches to educational studies

      Platicas are basically home-style conversations where people share knowledge, stories, and advice. They use platicas as a research method to honor Latino ways of learning and knowing.

    11. Turtle Island continues to permeate the legacies of colonialism, denying First Nations’ rights and invisibilizing the strength, fortitude, and empowerment of Indigenous Peoples

      Shows that the work is grounded in social justice and anti-colonial thinking. Shows that the work is grounded in social justice and anti-colonial thinking.

    1. Translanguaging does not demarcate children’s languages; instead, translanguaging maintains children’s active negotiation of language resources and practices on a continuum in order to express themselves in particular contexts.

      I find this description of translanguaging to be a very good one because translanguaging does not limit or isolate language and rather it sees it as a collection of linguistic abilities that can be used in unison to express meaning and feeling. Being worded as an "active negotiation of language" is such an interesting way to put it because as somebody who translanguages every single day, it sounds like a good way to express the idea that the two languages aren't competing, but are instead flowing in our brains and bargaining depending on the situation or circumstance that we find ourselves in.

    1. this type of “snowball effect,” where prior policy adoptionat lower levels of government increases the likelihood of adop-tion at higher levels, tends to dominate a potential “pressure valve”effect—whereby lower-level adoption relieves pressure for policyadoption at the higher level

      Lower uncertainty

    2. find that state policy decisions in the area ofelectronic commerce have only minor effects on national represen-tation in Congress that diminish over the course of the legislativeprocess

      Maybe not strong enough policy area

    3. Marijuana legaliza-tion allowed for the growth of a new industry that, once devel-oped, could sway gardner’s re-election bid

      Also have to think this is so issue dependent

    4. that is, members learn about policy innovationsadopted in the states they represent, and as a result are more likelyto sponsor and vote for similar policies nationally

      Educational place, maybe something like a testing ground

    5. has gained leverage in Colorado politics, compel-ling even conservative politicians like gardner to support industrydemands

      So less about the public and more about the private powers at work

    6. instrumental variables analysis indicates le-galization influenced pro-marijuana bill sponsorship and roll calls in the 116thCongress.

      Makes sense, basically senators are responsive to district opinion/state legislation can make them look bad

    Annotators

    1. issenting buildings and worship are described in Watts’ volumes,mentioned above (pp. 361, 367), and in a variety of essays by ClydeBinfield: in addition to the chapter on ‘Dissenting Gothic’ in So Downto Prayers (Dent, 1977),

      SLAYY???

    1. The deficit view of bilingual talk, which includes code-switching and other forms of language alternation, became increasingly challenged with the rise of discourse-oriented approaches to bilingualism, most notably interactional sociolinguistics and conversation analysis. Rejecting the reductionist conceptualisation of bilingualism as, above all, a mental faculty, scholars began to record and analyse actual, naturally occurring samples of talk where more than one language were being used

      Modern research views bilingual conversations as highly organized and socially meaningful.

    2. bilingual conversations were minutely ordered and instances of code-switching often proved highly functional for the participants.

      Shows social and functional benefits of bilingualism. Could support real-world examples in classrooms and homes.

    3. Before research on code-switching took shape around the late 1970s, such ‘mixed’ forms of language use were generally treated with much scepticism, chiefly because they were at odds with the normative, monolingually infused conception of the ideal bilingual person. In the case of bilingual children, code-switching was even seen as evidence of insufficient bilingual competence

      Early views saw code-switching as a deficit. Now it's understood as functional. Important research on identity negotiation and bilingual competence.

    4. Thus, the idea that premature bilingual development may lead to semilingualism (a state of not reaching sufficient proficiency in either language) does not hold up in current research.

      Challenges the myth that early bilingualism harms language development.

    5. research on bilingualism has been persistently informed by a monolingual perspective, where theoretical conceptualisations and analytical interpretations begin with the idea that humans are born with a hard-wired mental device for acquiring a first language.

      There's no single definition of bilingualism. Research has historically been based on a monolingual perspective.

    1. The purpose of this study is to show that the presidentialuse of rhetoric is consistent with his motivation for managerial control of thepublic bureaucracy

      I wonder if this is true at state and local levels too

    2. Aggregated across the 89 districts, this reveals a sub-stantial impact by presidential statements at the case-processing level

      More what I'm taking away from this article is that the national shift, including the pres, towards war on drugs also increased the likelihood they were taken up

    3. Reader’s Guide to Periodical Liter-ature (extended to cover our time span). If media changes affect the Attorneys,we expect that the drug composition increases as mentions rise.

      Skeptical of this proxy

    4. We test the hypothesis thatthe U.S. Attorneys’ agenda is positively influenced by congressional attentivenessto drug policy issues.

      Which also may be in turn influenced by the president

    5. We expectthat the Attorneys’ offices’ attention to drug cases will be positively influencedby the degree of presidential rhetorical emphasis on drug policy.

      I think reading this more for a history might be beneficial

    6. U.S. Attorneys’ prosecution of drug crimes: as the composi-tion of presidential statements regarding narcotics increased, the narcotics com-position of the U.S. Attorneys’ caseloads also increased.

      I can think of many cofounders, for one maybe the number of cases just increased. Or public opinion.

    7. We address the president’s ability toaffect the attention patterns of public agencies by sending policy priority signalsthrough public rhetoric.

      Arguing that this is casual is crazy though

    8. shows that presidential atten-tion drives public concern in economic, foreign, and civil rights policy

      Ok so it would also do so on drugs, interested to see the empirical evidence

    1. It usually occurs at the site of contact with the allergenand in the immediate vicinity.

      genellikle alerjenle temas edilen bölgede ve hemen çevresinde ortaya çıkar.

    2. The keratin layer is very small or absent compared to the skin. Allergenicsubstances are stored in the keratin layer

      Keratin tabakası deriye kıyasla çok azdır veya yoktur. Alerjen maddeler keratin tabakasında depolanır.

    3. The mucosa has little or no fat layer. Allergenic substances are removedfrom the environment more quickly.

      Mukozada yağ tabakası çok azdır veya hiç yoktur. Alerjen maddeler çevreden daha hızlı uzaklaştırılır.

    4. Lesions may appear only on the oral mucosa or may bepart of skin lesions.

      Lezyonlar yalnızca oral mukozada görülebilir veya deri lezyonlarının bir parçası olabilir

    5. Although the skin is most commonly affected by sideeffects of medicines, sometimes the oral mucosa can alsobe affected.

      İlaçların yan etkilerinden en sık cilt etkilenmesine rağmen, bazen oral mukoza da etkilenebilir.

    Annotators

    1. coverage is automatic.

      I can see how in writting this can be seen as a great thing to have especially for those that truly need it and can't afford the costs. However, realistically, as someone who has lived in Mexico, there are different factors that play a part for it to apply, but also it's realisticly impossible to see this actually take affect.

    2. economic factors

      Great factor to consider since this, along with other factors, it can defer greatly how the community looks like and the health of those civilians that live in the community.

    3. However, many experts believe that COVID-19 did more to reveal existing problems in nursing homes than to cause them.

      This makes sense, given that we had to bring out more hospitals and provide more care than ever before because of the pandemic and the demands. It goes to show that we were not prepared for such a big healthcare demand for a pandemic, but also showcased the issues with the healthcare system that may have been necessary during the pandemic.

    4. identified concerns

      I have heard many concerns when it comes to nursing homes. We hear a lot of the negatives that come from nursing homes that many people simply choose to opt out of them and not use them. One of the biggest concerns is neglect and abuse. We see this showcased on the news and everywhere.

    5. Errors happen in medicine as they do everywhere.

      This has always been interesting to me. I feel like medical care is an area where no mistakes should be made, however, we are all human and make mistakes. Some of the errors listed are very interesting and suprising. If I were there, I would triple check a lot of things before making a move.

    6. demands of the COVID-19 pandemic

      If we have these now in place and had them during the pandemic. I wonder what it would look like for future pandemics. Are we going to be under or over prepared?

    1. the general rule is that if there is any element of research in an activity, that activity should undergo review for the protection of human subjects.

      Does that review consider the difference principle (to the greatest good of the least-advantaged members of society)?

    2. For the most part, the term "practice" refers to interventions that are designed solely to enhance the wellbeing of an individual patient or client and that have a reasonable expectation of success. The purpose of medical or behavioral practice is to provide diagnosis, preventive treatment or therapy to particular individuals 2.

      Rawlsian justice is predicated on idealism as it relates to justice within a society. Behind The Veil of Ignorance many of our social identities are not known to us. One must then wonder how something like "practice" based on what works for the individual fits into a Rawlsian approach to justice or care.

    1. He also criticized UM for ending its partnership with the PhD Project—which helps universities recruit diverse candidates from underrepresented backgrounds—while seeking to set up a lab in Ypsilanti Township, a “historically marginalized community.”

      ONE HUNDRED PERCENT!!!!

    2. ownship attorney Doug Winters accused UM representatives of arrogance and of misleading elected officials about the location of the site and failing to communicate with the board. He alleged in a letter to township officials that UM is trying to become “an active participant” in the Trump administration’s “war machine.”

      wow!

    1. Details are where you store the ‘data’ of your plan.

      If the details of your plan are in this section of every email, then finding out the current status of the project is as easy as finding this section of the latest email in the thread, right?