unconscious motivations have not been eradicated by rational analysis.

to the success of Christianity’s victory over paganism, which hadtraditionally championed the pursuit of happiness and denouncedpain as evil. The triumph of suffering over pleasure had its mostextreme expression in the early monasteries.

How can we minimize the cost of textbooks?

the taskforce recommended extending the program to allnonprofit groups, which means placing more empha-sis on museums, cultural institutions, and second-ary education institutions (none of which were in-cluded in the task force).

The Boston city government initiatedcommunication with a nonprofit with the objective ofreaching a PILOT agreement when it expanded itsreal estate holdings, particularly when it acquiredtaxable property and applied for tax exemption, orwhen it embarked on a construction project

What motivates the characters or the author? What are they seeking? What is their purpose? Here’s how Kurt Vonnegut described the importance of incentives in books: “When I used to teach creative writing, I would tell the students to make their characters want something right away—even if it’s only a glass of water. Characters paralyzed by the meaninglessness of modern life still have to drink water from time to time.”

What motivated my newsletter reading habits normally? In large part, affection and light voyeurism. I subscribed to the newsletters of people I knew, who treated the form the way they had once treated personal blogs. I skimmed the dadlike suggestions of Sam Sifton in the New York Times’ Cooking newsletter (skillet chicken and Lana Del Rey’s “Chemtrails Over the Country Club” — sure, okay). I subscribed briefly to Alison Roman’s recipe newsletter before deciding that the ratio of Alison Roman to recipes was much too high. On a colleague’s recommendation, I subscribed to Emily Atkin’s climate newsletter and soon felt guilty because it was so long and came so often that I let it pile up unread. But in order to write about newsletters, I binged. I went about subscribing in a way no sentient reader was likely to do — omnivorously, promiscuously, heedless of redundancy, completely open to hate-reading. I had not expected to like everything I received. Still, as the flood continued, I experienced a response I did not expect. I was bored.

I want to have ways to show learners that I chose the texts for them, as I’m convinced that empathy is motivating.

Motivation

Without question, much of the growth of the hospital-ist movement has been generated by hospitals anxious tocut inpatient costs. However, the Davis study’s findingsregarding the diverse motivations for these programs aretypical. For example, in the Mississippi hospital, the mo-tivations included a desire to improve outpatient effi-ciency (and ambulatory care efficiency did increase by56%), a motivation shared by many other large multispe-cialty groups. The availability of primary care providersto their outpatients probably improved as well (althoughthese results were not reported). Freese (14) found that asimilar desire to make certain that primary care providerswere predictably available to their office patients was amajor driver of the hospitalist program at the Park Nicol-let clinic, and the program did lead to improved outpa-tient satisfaction. Other common motivations includethe desire to improve physician availability to inpatients,to have hospitalists care for unassigned patients admittedthrough the emergency department, to invest physiciansin hospital quality improvement activities, and to allowprimary care practitioners to have more predictable life-styles (15)

under-motivated or differently motivated students

The innate qualities of intellectual pr operty, however, in combination with INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: POLICY FOR INNOVATION 15   strong economic motivations have led U.S. intellectual property policy to operate according to rights - based, non - utilitarian theory, possibly as a result of lobbying (capture theory).