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What We Left Out

What other affordances might social annotation tools offer?

#audience, #word-Choice, #ethos, #structure, and #style

As you share your thinking and begin to participate in marginal conversa-tions, you may find yourself wanting a way to sort and organize the notes.Enter hashtags

Of course, just like in class, you don’t need an extended monologuethat leaves no room for anyone to respond

If you’ve ever annotated a paperback book, you’ve probably found yourselfshort on space to write notes

As a writer, you can use this annotation to reflect on when andhow you might choose to use technical vocabulary to make your own writ-ing more accessible for a wider audience

Shared annotations can also help us to understand theresponses readers might have to an authors’ writing choices.

Have you ever wondered about the inspiration for the lyrics to yourfavorite song?

Community is an important aspect of social annotation.

It got me thinking more and now I’m reading it once again just tosee what the author meant by that term

Many of my students that find it difficult to speak up in whole-classdiscussions

Whether written into the margins of texts, integratedinto the print, or digitally superimposed, in what contexts have you encoun-tered annotations written by another person? In what ways have you sharedyour annotations with other readers?

Whether you are an annotation expert or novice, I invite you to makeand share your own annotations on this chapter.

Annotation has been practiced for thousands of years as a way to improvereading.

You might also be interested in seeing how annotators have con-tributed to historical documents in Speculative Annotation hosted by theLibrary of Congress (https://labs.loc.gov/work/experiments/annotation) orliterary texts like Frankenstein (https://www.frankenbook.org).

Through socialannotation, you can contribute to conversations about reading and writingto enrich learning in the course, much like when you participate in classdiscussions.

Thank You for

What Happens Next

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Pattern types

Intent Classification

Process-linked

Platform documentation - Built-in FlowX.AI knowledge

Model selection - Choose the LLM for processing Temperature - Control creativity vs consistency Max tokens - Limit output length

Custom Agent node allows you to create agents with advanced capabilities using MCP tools.

AI-assisted building The Agent Builder includes AI assistance for creating agents:

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Go forth and annotate!

When social media companies like Facebook hire moderators, they often hire teams in countries where they can pay workers less. The moderators then are given sets of content to moderate and have to make quick decisions about each item before looking at the next one. They have to get through many posts during their time, and given the nature of the content (e.g., hateful content, child porn, videos of murder, etc.), this can be traumatizing for the moderators:

When social media companies like Facebook hire moderators, they often hire teams in countries where they can pay workers less. The moderators then are given sets of content to moderate and have to make quick decisions about each item before looking at the next one. They have to get through many posts during their time, and given the nature of the content (e.g., hateful content, child porn, videos of murder, etc.), this can be traumatizing for the moderators: Facebook Is Ignoring Moderators’ Trauma: ‘They Suggest Karaoke and Painting’ In addition to the trauma, by finding places where they can pay workers less and get them to do undesirable work, they are exploiting current inequalities to increase their profits. So, for example, “[Colombia’s Ministry of Labor has launched an investigation into TikTok subcontractor Teleperformance [for content moderators], relating to alleged union-busting, traumatic working conditions and low pay]”(https://time.com/6231625/tiktok-teleperformance-colombia-investigation/)

undesirable work, they are exploiting current inequalities to increase their profits.

Feelings are weather. Logs are coordinates.

God keeps a book of remembrance. If Heaven records, you should too.

The mind is a processor, not a hard drive.

p.s. Want the visual map? You'll find a full FieldNote Sketch Summary of this inside the 'hidden' layer. Click this highlight to see the synthesis, share it with someone you know needs it and save a copy for yourself.

Some browsers expose an interface for querying the approximate amount of storage that your origin is using, along with the upper limit, via navigator.storage.estimate().

Social media sites also might run into legal concerns with allowing some content to be left up on their sites, such as copyrighted material (like movie clips) or child pornography. So most social media sites will often have rules about content moderation, and at least put on the appearance of trying to stop illegal content (though a few will try to move to countries that won’t get them in trouble, like 8kun is getting hosted in Russia). With copyrighted content, the platform YouTube is very aggressive in allowing movie studios to get videos taken down, so many content creators on YouTube have had their videos taken down erroneously.

In order to make social media sites usable and interesting to users, they may ban different types of content such as advertisements, disinformation, or off-topic posts. Almost all social media sites (even the ones that claim “free speech”) block spam, mass-produced unsolicited messages, generally advertisements, scams, or trolling.

Another category is content that users or advertisers might find offensive. If users see things that offend them too often, they might leave the site, and if advertisers see their ads next to too much offensive content, they might stop paying for ads on the site. So platforms might put limits on language (e.g., racial slurs), violence, sex, and nudity. Sometimes different users or advertisers have different opinions on what should be allowed or not. For example, “The porn ban of 2018 was a defining event for Tumblr that led to a 30 percent drop in traffic and a mass exodus of users that blindsided the company.”

Another concern is for the safety of the users on the social media platform (or at least the users that the platform cares about). Users who don’t feel safe will leave the platform, so social media companies are incentivized to help their users feel safe. So this often means moderation to stop trolling and harassment.

To solve problems, researchers may employ a range of methods. Each discipline has its own methods for making or vetting knowledge claims. In Psychology, for example, experimentation with human subjects is quite common, but it is less common in Mathematics. Part of becoming a skilled researcher is learning the epistemology of one’s discipline. Say a mathematician was trying to solve an equation that had not yet been solved. If the approach was to put twenty people in a room and watch how they solved it, other scholars in the discipline would not take the results seriously, but if something similar were done by a psychologist, the results could be quite important (see Research

Now imagine that you are doing academic work or professional research. You are a member of a discipline or profession and you have a good idea of the foundational texts for your research topic. A bit of reading you have done has caught your attention: perhaps a text, newspaper article, or journal article. You begin to question how this reading fits in with what you know about your discipline. First you search to see if scholars have been writing about this question (textual research). They may have answered it, but most likely, they have not yet come to a firm conclusion. You decide to do some research on your own to try to answer the question.

Thus, as they engage in inquiry, researchers will choose methods based on the values of the Communities of Practitioners in their disciplines. They may sift through research publications across disciplines with hopes of synthesizing published information in a new way; test past research claims in a lab; or interview people.

On the other hand, doing research for other reasons than to answer a question can be half-hearted or sloppy.

People (and research communities) are constantly revising research questions.

the Research as Inquiry Framework

Now imagine that you are doing academic work or professional research

You are a member of a discipline or profession and you have a good idea of the foundational texts for your research topic

They may have answered it, but most likely, they have not yet come to a firm conclusion. You decide to do some research on your own to try to answer the question.

You begin to question how this reading fits in with what you know about your discipline

p.s. Want the visual map? You'll find a full FieldNote Sketch Summary of this inside the 'hidden' layer. Click this highlight to see the synthesis, share it with someone you know needs it and save a copy for yourself.

He is the source of rest. Root your identity in Sonship.

Diagnosis: Systemic Oscillation.

The Lie is not a moral failing. It is the story your nervous system learned to survive.

Before using a particular transitional word or phrase, be sure you completely understand its meaning and usage. For example, if you use a word or phrase that indicates addition (“moreover,” “in addition,” “further”), you must actually be introducing a new idea or piece of evidence. A common mistake with transitions is using such a word without actually adding an idea to the discussion. That confuses readers and puts them back on rickety footing, wondering if they missed something.

For a period of time, most news organizations allowed comments on their articles, but around 2013 many of these sites simply removed the possibility of leaving comments, as they felt allowing comments did more harm than good.

14.3.1. 4chan/8chan (minimal moderation)# Sites like 4chan and 8chan bill themselves as sites that support free-speech, in the sense that they don’t ban trolling and hateful speech, though they may remove some illegal content, like child pornography. One thing these sites do ban though, is spam. While much of spam is certainly legal, and a form of speech, this speech is restricted on these sites. If the chat boards filled up with spam, the users would find it boring and leave, so for practical reasons, these sites still moderate for spam (though they may allow some uses of ironic spam, copypasta). 14.3.2. Reddit (subreddits with volunteer moderators)# Reddit is composed of many smaller discussion boards, called subreddits. These subreddits range from friendly to very toxic, with different moderators in charge of each subreddit. Reddit as a larger platform decided to ban and remove some of its most toxic and hateful subreddits, including r/c***town (note: I censored out a racial slur for Black people), and r/fatpeoplehate. In a study of what happened after this ban: Post-ban, hate speech by the same users was reduced by as much as 80-90 percent. […] “Members of banned communities left Reddit at significantly higher rates than control groups. […] Migration was common, both to similar subreddits (i.e. overtly racist ones) and tangentially related ones (r/The_Donald). […] However, within those communities, hate speech did not reliably increase, although there were slight bumps as the invaders encountered and tested new rules and moderators. 14.3.3. Facebook (hired moderators)# Facebook uses hired moderators to handle content moderation on the platform at large (though Facebook groups are moderated by users). When users (or computer programs) flag content, the hired moderators will look at it and decide what to do. Facebook also discovered in internal research that, “the more likely a post is to violate Facebook’s community standards, the more user engagement it receives, because the algorithms that maximize engagement reward inflammatory content.” 14.3.4. Removing the option of feedback# For a period of time, most news organizations allowed comments on their articles, but around 2013 many of these sites simply removed the possibility of leaving comments, as they felt allowing comments did more harm than good. 14.3.5. Public Figure Exception# Twitter, Facebook, and other platforms had an exception to their normal moderation policies for political leaders, where they wouldn’t ban them even if they violated site policies (most notably applied to Donald Trump). After the January 6th insurrection at the US Capital, Donald Trump was banned first from Twitter, then from Facebook, and Facebook announced an end to special treatment for politicians. 14.4. Government Censorship# Governments might also have rules about content moderation and censorship, such as laws in the US against Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM). China additionally censors various news stories in their country, like stories about protests. In addition to banning news on their platforms, in late 2022 China took advantage of Elon Musk having fired almost all Twitter content moderators to hide news of protests by flooding Twitter with spam and porn.

14.3.1. 4chan/8chan (minimal moderation)# Sites like 4chan and 8chan bill themselves as sites that support free-speech, in the sense that they don’t ban trolling and hateful speech, though they may remove some illegal content, like child pornography. One thing these sites do ban though, is spam. While much of spam is certainly legal, and a form of speech, this speech is restricted on these sites. If the chat boards filled up with spam, the users would find it boring and leave, so for practical reasons, these sites still moderate for spam (though they may allow some uses of ironic spam, copypasta).

Governments might also have rules about content moderation and censorship, such as laws in the US against Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM). China additionally censors various news stories in their country, like stories about protests. In addition to banning news on their platforms, in late 2022 China took advantage of Elon Musk having fired almost all Twitter content moderators to hide news of protests by flooding Twitter with spam and porn.

Post-ban, hate speech by the same users was reduced by as much as 80-90 percent

14.3.2. Reddit (subreddits with volunteer moderators)# Reddit is composed of many smaller discussion boards, called subreddits. These subreddits range from friendly to very toxic, with different moderators in charge of each subreddit. Reddit as a larger platform decided to ban and remove some of its most toxic and hateful subreddits, including r/c***town (note: I censored out a racial slur for Black people), and r/fatpeoplehate. In a study of what happened after this ban: Post-ban, hate speech by the same users was reduced by as much as 80-90 percent. […] “Members of banned communities left Reddit at significantly higher rates than control groups. […] Migration was common, both to similar subreddits (i.e. overtly racist ones) and tangentially related ones (r/The_Donald). […] However, within those communities, hate speech did not reliably increase, although there were slight bumps as the invaders encountered and tested new rules and moderators. 14.3.3. Facebook (hired moderators)

Examples of Appropriate Thesis Statements The societal and personal struggles of Troy Maxon in the play “Fences” symbolize the challenge of black males who lived through segregation and integration in the United States. Shakespeare’s use of dramatic irony in Romeo and Juliet spoils the outcome for the audience and weakens the plot. J. D. Salinger’s character in Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield, is a confused rebel who voices his disgust with phonies, yet in an effort to protect himself, he acts like a phony on many occasions. Compared to an absolute divorce, no-fault divorce is less expensive, promotes fairer settlements, and reflects a more realistic view of the causes for marital breakdown. Exposing children from an early age to the dangers of drug abuse is a sure method of preventing future drug addicts. In a crumbling job market, a high school diploma is not significant enough education to land a stable, lucrative job.

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Jack Goldberger

Your Excellency---it may scarcely appear necessary to lay before Your Excellency any lengthened details of what has taken place between the Orange Free State and myself.

15.2. Example Moderator Set-ups# Let’s look in more detail at some specific examples of moderator set-ups: 15.2.1. Reddit# Reddit is divided into subreddits which are often about a specific topic. Each subreddit is moderated by volunteers who have special permissions, who Reddit forbids from making any money: Reddit is valued at more than ten billion dollars, yet it is extremely dependent on mods who work for absolutely nothing. Should they be paid, and does this lead to power-tripping mods? A post starting a discussion thread on reddit about reddit In addition to the subreddit moderators, all Reddit users can upvote or downvote comments and posts. The reddit recommendation algorithm promotes posts based on the upvotes and downvotes, and comments that get too many downvotes get automatically hidden. Finally, Reddit itself does some moderation as a platform in determining which subreddits can exist and has on occasion shut down some. Reflection Question:# What is your take on the ethical trade-offs of unpaid Reddit moderators? What do you think Reddit should do? 15.2.2. Wikipedia# Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia that is crowdsourced by volunteer editors. You can go right now and change a Wikipedia page’s content if you want (as long as the page isn’t locked)! You can edit anonymously, or you can create an account. The Wikipedia community gives some editors administrator access, so they can perform more moderation tasks like blocking users or locking pages. Editors and administrators are generally not, paid, though they can be paid by other groups if they disclose and fill out forms Wikipedia exists in multiple languages (each governed somewhat independently). When looking at the demographics of who writes the English Wikipedia articles, editors of Wikipedia skew heavily male (around 80% or 90%), and presumably administrators skew heavily male as well. This can produce bias in how things are moderated. For example, Donna Strickland had no Wikipedia page before her Nobel. Her male collaborator did: “Articles on Strickland had been drafted on the online encyclopedia before in May 2018 — but the draft was rejected by moderators. ‘This submission’s references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article,’ the moderators wrote, despite the fact that the original author linked to a page that showed Strickland was once president of the Optical Society, a major physics professional organization and publisher of some of the field’s top journals.” Reflection Question:# How should Wikipedia handle their editor/administrator demographics? 15.2.3. Facebook# While Facebook groups and individual pages can be moderated by users, for the platform as a while, Facebook has paid moderation teams to make moderation decisions (whether on content flagged by bots, or content flagged by users). As Facebook has grown, it has sought users from all over the globe, but as of 2019: Facebook had menus and prompts in 111 different languages, which were deemed to be “officially supported” Facebook’s “Community standards” rules were only translated into 41 of those languages Facebook’s content moderators know about 50 languages (though they say they hire professional translators when needed) Automated tools for identifying hate speech only work in about 30 languages

The Detriments of British Rule: In the Cause of Humanity: Nothing. Everything, therefore, is in your favor under this heading.

15.1.1. No Moderators# Some systems have no moderators. For example, a personal website that can only be edited by the owner of the website doesn’t need any moderator set up (besides the person who makes their website). If a website does let others contribute in some way, and is small, no one may be checking and moderating it. But as soon as the wrong people (or spam bots) discover it, it can get flooded with spam, or have illegal content put up (which could put the owner of the site in legal jeopardy). 15.1.2. Untrained Staff# If you are running your own site and suddenly realize you have a moderation problem you might have some of your current staff (possibly just yourself) start handling moderation. As moderation is a very complicated and tricky thing to do effectively, untrained moderators are likely to make decisions they (or other users) regret. 15.1.3. Dedicated Moderation Teams# After a company starts working on moderation, they might decide to invest in teams specifically dedicated to content moderation. These teams of content moderators could be considered human computers hired to evaluate examples against the content moderation policy of the platform they are working for. 15.1.4. Individuals moderating their own spaces# You can also have people moderate their own spaces. For example: when you text on the phone, you are in charge of blocking numbers if you want to (though the phone company might warn you of potential spam or scams) When you make posts on Facebook or upload videos to YouTube, you can delete comments and replies Also in some of these systems, you can allow friends access to your spaces to let them help you moderate them. 15.1.5. Volunteer Moderation# Letting individuals moderate their own spaces is expecting individuals to put in their own time and labor. You can do the same thing with larger groups and have volunteers moderate them. Reddit does something similar where subreddits are moderated by volunteers, and Wikipedia moderators (and editors) are also volunteers. 15.1.6. Automated Moderators (bots)# Another strategy for content moderation is using bots, that is computer programs that look through posts or other content and try to automatically detect problems. These bots might remove content, or they might flag things for human moderators to review.

Letting individuals moderate their own spaces is expecting individuals to put in their own time and labor. You can do the same thing with larger groups and have volunteers moderate them. Reddit does something similar where subreddits are moderated by volunteers, and Wikipedia moderators (and editors) are also volunteers.

These teams of content moderators could be considered human computers hired to evaluate examples against the content moderation policy of the platform they are working for.

Three traits of professions are especially noteworthy

The Social Control of Medicine

When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d, And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night, I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.

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Rawls proposed a famous thought experiment. Imagine we were going to redesign America. A huge lottery was done to gather people from all walks of life into a committee to decide how the society should be structured and how it should function. Naturally, they will all have their own interests in mind, so Rawls proposed that they all be hidden behind a “veil of ignorance”, making it so that while they are on the committee, the people have no idea who they are, or what sort of life they will have once the new design is implemented. (The veil of ignorance is not a real thing, and it is extremely unclear how such an obscuring could be accomplished, although science fiction writers have had fun trying to imagine it.) Rawls’s thought was that if you don’t know whether you will be in one of society’s more powerful roles or more disadvantaged roles, then you will have the motivation to make sure you will be okay, whatever role you get in the end. Therefore, the committee members would design a just and fair society, so that they would be okay no matter where they end up. The design the committee agrees to forms the basis of a new “social contract”, or agreement about how society works.

How about changing “The 12th day of the month of April” to “April 12th?” As you revise, look for overly-complicated sentences and substitute simpler ones for clarity.

Then, share the paper with someone who fits the description of the audience for whom the document is intended

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Conflict occurs between two opposing sides in a story, usually centering on characters' values, needs, or interests.

dynamic.

describe the strategies that an author uses to present and develop the characters in a narrative.

whether it is to identify, empathise, or sympathise with them; to dislike or disapprove of them; or to pass judgement on their actions, behaviour and values.

Through a process guided by principles of consensus building, 21 the IPC working group members grouped the list of evidence-based enablers by frequency and theme. This yielded 29 key enablers that were vetted for organizational relevance and alignment against hospital strategic plans. The key enablers underwent a second thematic grouping by the IPC working group who selected and synthesized the set of enablers based on their diverse expertise, knowledge, and experience to construct six core competencies.

A 10-member IPC working group comprised of representatives from interprofessional education, professional practice, and organizational development and leadership was established. The IPC working group executed each step of the development process and led the stakeholder consultation process. A larger stakeholder consultation group was established which included clinical and non-clinical staff representing a variety of roles and expertise. The stakeholder consultation process included distribution of materials for review and feedback to directors of operation, patient care managers, nurse practitioners, health professions leaders, advanced practice nurses, clinical educators, and patient and student representation, as well as the Interprofessional Education Committee and the Education Advisory Committee.

The development of core competencies for interprofessional collaboration at Sunnybrook was part of a wider IPC strategy to become a system-wide leader in advancing a culture of interprofessionalism and foster the highest quality, compassionate and person-centred care. 20 A collaborative bottom-up approach was taken to the development and implementation of the framework to optimize acceptance and adoption of the competencies by the various clinical and non-clinical teams

The framework was developed using a comprehensive literature search and consensus building by a multi-stakeholder working group and supported by a broad consultation process that included patient representation, organizational development and leadership, and human resources.

Many organizations have adopted existing interprofessional frameworks that define the competencies of individual health professionals that are required to meet practice standards and advance interprofessional goals.

https://doi.org/10.1177/00169862221128299Gifted Child Quarterly 1 –22© 2022 National Association forGifted ChildrenArticle reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissionsDOI: 10.1177/00169862221128299journals.sagepub.com/home/gcqFeature ArticleAddressing racial and ethnic underrepresentation in the sci-ence, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce is a national priority (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine [NASEM], 2011; National Science Foundation [NSF], 2021).

En la neblina del amanecer, cuando aún no se oía el zumbar de las moscas ni crujido alguno, Lope solía despertar, con la techumbre de barro encima de los ojos

Veeam Data Cloud Vault

User Authentication. Veeam Data Cloud Vault integrates with several authentication mechanisms, for example Microsoft Entra ID or SAML-based Single Sign-On (SSO).Permissions Model. Access control is managed using basic user roles and permissions. Note that Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) is not available.

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trophies, the effect of these mechan-ics becoming so solidly integrated into videogame culture is that theirgravitational pull changes how games are played and interpreted. Lea-derboards are a clear place where players are compared with one an-other. A former highly competitive Madden NFL player writes thatleaderboards are “a devilish feature,” as they transform “Madden froman escapist pastime into another stage on which to prove your self-worth.”36 Gamerscore is a measure that turns abstract effort in a gameinto concrete results that are intelligible to others at a mere glimpse.

And data are never neutral; they are always the biased output of unequalsocial, historical, and economic conditions: this is the matrix of domination onceagain.

This is the privilege hazard: the phenomenon that makes those who occupy the mostprivileged positions among us—those with good educations, respected credentials, andprofessional accolades—so poorly equipped to recognize instances of oppression in theworld

“What we choose to measure is a statement of what we value inhealth,” he explains.

Basic Orienting Facts-Lets the reader know who, when, where, and what is happening. Organization-The reason you order your content the way you do. Structure-The order in which you choose to present your events to your reader Scene-Vivid descriptions of the setting and what you said in order to feel immersed in a story. Scene is the opposite of summary. Use scene sparingly when you want to slow down and focus on an important part of the story. Summary– A way to manage time. When you tell the reader what used to happen in your family, for example, you could explain, “My mother used to cook Sunday dinner for the family. She often made a roast.” You are summarizing what used to happen in the past. If you were to write about a specific Sunday, and you fleshed out what happened in scene with dialogue, included details about the sound of vegetables being chopped, described the smells in the kitchen, and told the reader what your mother was wearing, and reflected on the conversation you had, that would be a scene. Summary condenses information in both academic and creative writing, but in creative writing, summary is linked to time management. Persona– The character of you that you construct. It’s not literally you, because you are not words on the page, right? You are flesh and bone and you have a rich inner life. Use that rich inner life to develop your persona. Persona comes from the Latin word for mask. It’s the version of you that you would like to illustrate for the reader in your memoir. This is a complicated concept. One way to think of your persona is you in relationship to the situation or people in the story. The persona can also be shaped by time: who and what you were like when you were twelve, for example. It can be shaped by relationship to your topic: who and what you are like in relationship to your mother or third grade teacher or your sergeant in boot camp. Readers Trust in You-Readers won’t automatically question your credibility as a narrator on the page, but if you seem very infallible or somehow superhuman while everyone else in the story is tragically flawed, then the reader will wonder about the truthfulness of your own self-depiction. You are accountable to telling the story to your reader as truthfully as you can, while using craft elements to engage the reader. It’s a daunting task. Also, readers like protagonists who are flawed, so be truthful about your mistakes. Setting-Where and when the story takes place. Mood-The emotional weight or atmosphere of a story, created through details, description, and other craft features, for example, sometimes setting can help create a mood. Imagery-An image in a story, or in a poem, is a description that appeals to one of the five senses. An image should also convey additional meaning, either emotional and/or intellectual. It’s not an image to say green gelatin. Green gelatin is meaningless until the reader injects the gelatin with meaning. You can, however, create an image if you were to write, “The Frog Eye Salad recipe that my beloved grandmother used to make for Sunday picnics.” The latter description is specific and contains emotional content. Reflection-The sense and interpretation that you make of the events that transpired in your memoir and how you feel and/or think about them. You can also reflect on the story and relate the events to the universal meaning or theme you would like to include in the story.

Plot – The events as they unfold in sequence Characters -The people who inhabit the story and move it forward. Typically, there are minor characters and main characters. The minor characters generally play supporting roles to the main character, or the protagonist. Characters are fleshed out not only through how the author describes them, but also through their actions, dialogue, and thoughts. Conflict -The primary problem or obstacle that unfolds in the plot that the protagonist must solve or overcome by the end of the narrative. The way in which the protagonist resolves the conflict of the plot results in the theme of the narrative Theme – The ultimate message the narrative is trying to express; it can be either explicit or implicit. The theme of a story is also what makes it significant. If the story has lasting meaning to you, it will be meaningful to your readers.

How a character behaves, both alone and in response to actions from other characters, is a critical aspect of characterization.

The words that come out of a character's mouth, in dia-logue, are a very powerful means of characterization.

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Counting and classification can be powerful parts of the process of creating knowledge.But they’re also tools of power in themselves.

Lurk-ing under the surface of so many classification systems are false binaries and impliedhierarchies, such as the artificial distinctions between men and women, reason andemotion, nature and culture, and body and world.

“What gets counted counts,” feminist geographer Joni Seager has asserted, andMunir is one person who understands that.

On the 27th, we bought two more horses, and two miles upstream from the mouth of the Oualla-Oualla, we encountered a band of Indians camped there for the night. This river is 180 feet wide and rises in the same mountains as the Oumatalla; beavers, otters, and deer frequent its vicinity. The nation that gives it its name lives near its confluence with the Columbia; these Indians are quite gentle, but do not know the art of hunting fur-bearing animals; their number is 200. The inhabitants of these townships have, compared to those near the falls, few means of subsistence, because their land is poorly endowed with suitable fishing grounds, and fishing is not plentiful there. They are therefore forced to subsist, for most of the year, on a small quantity of game and roots, which they have great difficulty obtaining; so that those who find this way of life too arduous hasten to the falls. It is with scoundrels of this kind that the most famous fishing spots are populated; and, for this reason, they can be called, like our large cities, the capitals of depravity (17 m.).

Emotions are also useful for creative tasks, because positive individuals tend to be more creative and open to new ideas. In addition to helping with employee creativity, companies such as Microsoft Corporation often want to understand which features of their products produce not just high ratings for usability but also high emotional ratings. Individuals with strong positive emotional reactions are more likely to use their product and recommend it to others (Weler, 2008). This is something Apple Inc. has been known for doing well, as their products tend to evoke strong positive emotions and loyalty from their users. Figure 7.4.10: By creating products that users feel an emotional reaction to, Apple has revolutionized the way music is experienced. Wikimedia Commons – CC BY-SA 3.0. Negative emotions such as anger, fear, and sadness can result from undesired events. In the workplace, these events may include not having your opinions heard, a lack of control over your day-to-day environment, and unpleasant interactions with colleagues, customers, and superiors. Negative emotions play a role in the

or they do not harmonise with the rest of collective experience and do not fit in with its organising forms, for example, with the chain of causality”

Varroa destructor

Information literacy is a life skill that will help you apply critical thinking and reflection to locate, evaluate, and use quality information.

Find ways to reduce distractions. Some things that can help include muting phone notifications, using time management apps, and finding quiet places to study.

Time management is frequently a problem for most individuals at one point or another. For students, feeling overwhelmed with college studies, illness, and/or personal issues are all common factors that may lead to missing deadlines.

The Institute for Student Research and Creative Activity (ISRCA) coordinates research, scholarship & creative activity opportunities for students. The institute facilitates programming to support faculty-student collaborative scholarly work and funds students’ research opportunities.

In arts integration, teachers generally use two strategies for establishing performance criteria: checklists or rubrics. These are the same strategies used in any performance assessment.4 (As students become familiar with the criteria, they also are able to play a role in assessing their progress.)

Making the Formative Assessment Process visible and exploring its connection to the creative process helps us to reflect on how we use formative assessment during arts integration.

Turn the cards over for a set of questions that will help you apply these concepts.

Outside of class, you consume and create content for social media, seek answers to questions, and read about issues that impact you directly.

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Arguing that “anyinvestment made in terminal elevators . . . would be a waste of the people’s money as well as a humiliatingdisappointment to the people of the state,” the committee came out “strongly against the expenditure by thestate of any money for the erection of new terminal elevators.”

Townley grew up on a farm.

he wasn’t like the city socialists. He saw more from thefarmer’s standpoint.

mitt itu

sträng

lättnad

skakade

stilla

åstadkom

panna

rörde

dimmiga

kraft

Böjlig

kusliga

pil

svänga