population was originally divided into several small kingdoms whose ruling families were connected through political marriages. Beginning in 221 BCE, the Chinese created an empire
This is very interesting to me how politics were still so important thousands of years ago. In todays world they seem to make or break friendships and so much more and apparently it did thousands of years ago to.
A young man named Zhu Yuanzhang, born during the plague years, watched his entire family die in famines that swept through southern China in the 1340s. After taking refuge in a Buddhist monastery, Zhu joined local rebels when the monastery was destroyed by Yuan forces trying to contain a local insurrection. Zhu joined forces with a rebel army called the Red Turbans and rose quickly through the ranks
Comparing this young man situation to the world we live in now, you can become anything you want to be with or without family support. Determination, commitment, and surrounding yourself with the right people can put you to where you want to be.
Along with exposure to foreign cultures, the Mongols’ reopening of the Silk Road brought foreign diseases to China. Bubonic Plague, the “Black Death” that killed a quarter of the European population in the 14th century, actually hit China firs
Leaders have to take into consideration the risk involved with exposure to other cultures. Exposing China to foreign cultures without the proper preparations brought in diseases, killing 25 million people.
The highest exam was administered by the emperor himself and passing it qualified a scholar for assignments in the imperial court. The exams were extremely difficult and at each level more people failed than passed. But the exams were also democratic in a wa
I believe China prosper, because educated and trained individuals were put into positions of governance. Leaders trained and worked hard for the positions they held.
But the exams were also democratic in a way: even a scholar from a poor family could take the exam if he could educate himself; success on the top exam was a ticket to the highest levels of imperial society.
Democracy and fairness goes a long way in any given society. The Confucian principle allowing anyone once qualified to hold a position of leadership regardless of their background is one of things that made China great.
Confucianism is not a perfect philosophy, since it accepted and even reinforced certain societal injustices. Confucius incorporated traditional Chinese ancestor-worship into his system, which implied a degree of sacredness for ancestral practices. For this reason, Confucian principles perpetuated and exacerbated the oppression of women, who had no standing in the male-dominated family structure. Girls were considered an expense to their birth families, since they only became valuable when they married and bore sons for their new families. Female infanticide has been a problem throughout Chinese history, as was, until the last century, the practice of foot-binding, which rendered generations of Chinese women crippled and semi-mobile for the sake of what amounted to a fetish of Chinese fashion.
Every rule or philosophy no matter how good it is has its down side. The Confucianism although serve the greater good of the people of China, oppressed women. Women were treated as nothing but a mare sons making machine for their husbands. The practice of girls foot binding left many women cripple for many generations.
China’s turning away from the ocean was a momentous decision in world history, opening the door for Southeast Asians, Muslims, and eventually Europeans to dominate the Indian Ocean and the Pacific.
It is so strange to think about how much control China had over the Indian and Pacific Ocean trade. They were such a powerhouse of an empire that there absence was a historic event that helped shape other future events of history. It also highlights just how much of a threat the Manchurians were, that China decided to dedicate time and resources to prepare for an invasion.
And unlike European kings, the Yongle emperor was not interested in evangelizing Confucianism or Buddhism to the rest of the world—the Spanish and Portuguese, in particular, wanted to convert the world to Catholic Christianity, which became not only a goal but a justification for conquest and colonization.
A big difference between the Eastern and Western train of thought is highlighted here in what they wanted to accomplish. China wanted to gain power for the sake of growing and supporting its large population of people. To becoming a center of international trade and making goods. They didn't concern themselves with what others believed in or making others do their work. Which is a stark contrast of the Europeans which wanted to make others like themselves. Rather then growing their own economy buy having their people work hard. They sought to enslave others and make them work to grow their power. Using religion as a way to enslave rather then connect with others. A sad reality of the world.
Ninety-five delegations from Southeast Asia and other more distant nations reached the Yongle Emperor’s court during his 22-year reign, and he established a College of Translators to handle all the correspondence he received from foreign contacts.
The fact that a whole college of translators was made to make the communication between the nations easier shows just how powerful China was. They were demanding tribute from places all over South Asia and Africa. So many people had to learn and translate important documents like contracts, treaties, and money transactions.
buying public speaking books
even if you were to be someone who is the voice of an audiobook, there is such attention to detail to emphasize certain parts in certain ways in order to convey a specific message. The pace that you are speaking at etc
expressing this effectively
i reflect on myself and i think this is going to be the thing most struggle with because sometimes i have a difficult time expressing all of my thoughts in a non confusing way. i hope that there are some tips that can help me place everything together.
if you don’t like something, be the force of change you’re looking for
this sentence demonstrates the energy that needs to be brought behind our speeches that we make to be a true leader
power of speech
even in the constitution it states that we the people have the right to "overthrow" the government with our freedom of speech. This just shows that its way more important than we realize
some anxiety when engaging in public speaking
i bet that even individuals who have to speak to the public a lot have signs of being nervous even after such a long time.
professional feedback will help you become a better overall communicator
even feedback from the audience is good as well, they can possibly have feedback that a professional might not have just because they are seeing the speech at face value and not over analyzing.
But after thinking and researching further
a good public speaker is a good planner and good at analyzing. you need to find and solve the problem before the audience can even think about the problem.
speaking in a ceremonial context
I wish i was able to see videos of old speeches that occured back when no technology was available so that we could compare and contrasts the details of both
speaking to an audience is to persuade others
i am curious to know the specific tactics that public speakers have discovered and used to be more persuasive in their speech to their audience
Teachers find themselves presenting to parents as well as to their students
a good example that some jobs although have to do repetitive public speaking to their students, there are times where your audience is a little bit different and you have to be able to navigate the best way to set up your speech so that the audience can absorb the material youre saying more.
report to a group of managers how your latest project is coming along
This is the most nerve wracking type of public speaking that i could be apart of. I wonder if for some this would be the easiest
Vital Speeches of the Day
Although social media can be seen as a bad thing, im glad that there are sites like this that can help is connect rather then distract us from the real meaning things of life
knowledge in the world will double every seventy-three days
I would have to say that she is most likely not wrong in her guess. there is a wave of uncontrollable high amounts of content.
Volume of a cube (V=l3)
Get side length from the density and geometry formulas to obtain the radius. Density to volume to edge length to radius
e cubic unit cell is the smallest repeating unit when all angles are 90o and all lengths are equal (figure 12.1.b) with each axis being defined by a Cartesian coordinate (x,y,z). Each cubic cell has 8 atoms in each corner of the cube, and that atom is shared with 8 neighboring cells. In the Body Centered Cubic Cell (BCC) there is an additional atom in the center of the cube, and in the face centered cubic cell, an atom is shared between two unit cells along the face. Please watch the YouTube video as this can help a lot.
explains the structure of cubic unit cells in crystallography. It describes the three types: simple cubic (atoms at each corner), body-centered cubic (BCC, with an extra atom in the center), and face-centered cubic (FCC, with atoms on each face). Each corner atom is shared among eight adjacent cells, and the structure helps define how atoms are arranged in a solid. @belfrob99
If you feel dumb—permanentlydumb—in an academic area, there is no good way tobounce back and be successful in the future
Everyone reacts differently when confronted with personal setbacks. The approach you take in dealing with these challenges plays a crucial role in shaping your success. As for me, I live by the motto: "Step out of your comfort zone."
You will also learn how praise can have a negativeeffect on students’ mindsets, harming their motivationto learn
It’s a really effective hook that drew me into the topic. At some point, each of us has experienced in failing, where praise from our parents or friends may have negatively impacted our mindset and learning
Now that AI is easily accessible and distributed, people are unsure what or who to believe. This is exacerbated by the rise in deepfakes in AI, muddling what was already a fragile social media landscape.Malicious actors can quickly put companies or executives on the back foot by repurposing speech into a false premise, leading to false narratives, exposing them to reputational harm, and causing PR teams to scramble.For real-life examples, look no further than the fake robocall from Biden or the AI generated “endorsement" from Taylor Swift during the 2024 US Presidential Elections campaign season.
AI generates fakes information that causes a serious threat to public relations. Deepfakes allow people with harmful intentions to create fall stories that appear real, using the likeness in the voice of actual company leaders. This changes Public Relations from a profession that shares positive stories to one that constantly defends against high tech truths.
At the same time I was seeing the world in paragraphs
This line is showing that since he opened the comic book he is starting to see things differently.
We were poor by most standards, butone of my parents usually managed to find some minimum-wage job or anothe
This shows the struggle that they went through.
could. I read the books my father brought homefrom the pawnshops and secondhand. I read the books I borrowed from the library. I read the backs of cereal boxes. I read the newspaper. I read the bulletinsposted on the walls of the school, the clinic, the tribal offices, the post office. I read junk mail. I read auto-repair manuals. I read magazines. I read anythingthat had words and paragraphs. I read with equal parts joy and desperation. I loved those books, but I also knew that love had only one purpose. I was tr
She uses repetition to show how hard she was trying to break the stereotype that Indian children were supposed to fail.
side. They struggled with basic reading in school but could remember how to singa few dozen powwow song
Although they were looked at as stupid, they could remember all the songs they were taught throughout their lives. This proves that they were not stupid, they just were not provided the same education as other children.
shops. Our house was filled with books.They were stacked in crazy piles in the bathroom, bedrooms and living r
This reminds me of my grandmas house growing up, having books everywhere I look.
They refuse and resist. "Books," I say to them. "Books," I say. I throw my weight against their locked doors. The door holds. I am smart. Iam arrogant. I am lucky. I am trying to save our lives.
This line stands out to me as the author emphasizes the statement, "I am trying to save our lives". This is because Alexie wants to be a role model to students so they don't have to suffer like their parents, who have sacrificed a lot for them to gain access to books or even a proper education.
The Indian kids crowd the classroom. Many are writing their own poems, short stories and novels. They have read my books. They have readmany other books. They look at me with bright eyes and arrogant wonder
This shows how Alexie becomes the mentor figure, giving others the opportunities he once fought for. Alexie wants people to fight for their education and save their lives.
I refused to fail. I was smart. I was arrogant. I was luck
This shows the author's determination, and I like how he used pride as a shield against failure and doubt. Also, this shows how the author has a great mindset, wanting to keep going and not letting failure stop him.
Step 1: 1/2 bond dissociation energy of Cl2(g) -Known (122 kJ/mol) Step 2: Enthalpy of sublimation of Na(s) - Known (107.3 kJ/mol) Step 3: Ionization energy of Na(g) - Known (496 kJ/mol) Step 4: Electron affinity of Cl(g) - Known (-349 kJ/mol) Step 5: Lattice formation energy of NaCl - Unkown Step 6: Enthalpy of formation of NaCl - Known (-411 kJ/mol)
this is specific to transition of NaCl but keep the steps in mind
That is, the energy difference between two states is independent of the energy used to transition between the states.
if the temperature and pressure is the same for two different moles of the same gas, the energy change from the phase transition is the same for both moles even if they were forced to change phases by different means
endothermic (breaking the bonds), and the other is exothermic (making the bonds).
higher stability=lower energy
energy change when a mole of an ionic compound is dissociated into its gaseous ions (an endothermic process with a positive value).
wouldn't dissociating an ionic compound result in the loss of some potential energy due to ions of like charges being farther apart therefore minimizing the repulsion between them? I know ultimately, transitioning to a gaseous phase is endothermic because the molecules gain kinetic energy, but is the loss of potential energy considered in the born haber cycle?
The first is that the smaller the ion, the greater the lattice energy.
is this because the smaller the ions, the closer an ion is to another ion of a like charge? or because periodic trends associated with smaller atoms?
form a lattice that minimizes repulsion between like charges while maximizing the attraction between opposite charges. Second, the anion and cation are different entities, and may have completely different volumes.
Enthalpy of hydration is negative because adding H2O within the lattice neutralizes the repulsion between ions with like charges. Neutralizing the repulsion decreases the potential energy withing the lattice and therefore results in a negative enthalpy.
I decided to quit trying so hard. Apparently—I told myself—the people grading the tests didn't have theslightest clue about what constituted good writing.
I think this line shows that she lost hope in the grading system and she blames them rather than herself.
After months of preparation and anxiety,the pressure was on
This shows how determined the writer is.
But I never again felt the same love of reading and w
After failing twice, he lost his passion to write because of the disappointment he felt after failing.
Surely I would pass the next time
This displays the author's hope and disappointment with the current state, and shows her belief in doing better the next time.
understanding your audience
i really need to hone on this aspect for my speech so that i can move my classmates in the correct way that will have the effect i want it to
many books written about public speaking are intended for very specific audiences
very interesting that even the ones publishing these books about public speaking are following the guidelines too! it makes sense but its nice to see that
it continues to be relevant even with the growth of technological means of communicatio
If anything it is more relevant now, its more of a rare thing to be able to have this ability and people are even more inspires by it then ever before
paid six thousand dollars per person
shows that public speaking has the potential to be a career
Figure 1
It would be easier to see the text if you enlarge this figure.
make do with
If you make do with something, you use or have it instead of something else that you do not have, although it is not as good.
We had seen many people coming to the seashore, but they fled when they saw us approaching; several times they stopped and turned around to look at us in great wonderment. We reassured them with various signs, and some of them came up, showing great delight at seeing us and marveling at our clothes, appearance, and our whiteness; they showed us by various signs where we could most easily secure the boat, and offered us some of their food.
Observation : The travelers stopped at land; they found people who helped them
Interpretation : The Europeans had anchored at an area of land; and they found native people living there who helped them anchor their boat and shared food as well
Connection : When someone comes to your house as a guest, you would most likely feed them and tend to them also
Context : The travelers who were European were stumbled across this piece of land while exploring and discovered North America
PROJECTS
It would be good to hyperlink the projects!
3x Sexton Schola
It would be good to tell the reader what criteria the awardee needs to meet to earn it! Justification: people outside of nova scotia does not know what a Sexton Scholar is
Fostered an inclusive environment by engaging with residents and building peer connections.
What was the measurable impact of fostering inclusivity? Include feedback or participation rates.
Created a user interface for quick and easy access enhancing user experience and system security.
Quantify the enhancement in user experience. Did it reduce access time or errors?
Performed thorough testing to ensure good player experience and proper functionality of game mechanics.
What were the results of this testing? Did it lead to fewer bugs or higher user satisfaction?
Designed and developed a 2D shooter game, following the software development lifecycle to ensure structured workflows.
Mention any player metrics or feedback received post-launch to demonstrate success.
Developed functionality using Java and Spring Boot to support core features like user management and game interactions.
What was the user impact of these features? Include user growth or engagement metrics.
Enhanced the UI and fixed critical bugs, resulting in positive client feedback and contributing to an A+ final grade.
Quantify 'positive client feedback.' How many users or stakeholders provided feedback?
Migrated the project to a self-hosted environment and repaired the CI/CD pipeline, restoring automated deployments.
Detail the benefits of the migration. Did it improve deployment speed or reliability?
Implemented an LLM chatbox for AI-assisted debugging, fulfilling the client's priority and enhancing the tool's functionality.
Quantify the enhancement. How much did functionality improve? Provide metrics if available.
Collaborated within a 6-person team in an Agile environment, delivering project milestones over 5 sprints and incorporating peer feedback through 360-degree reviews.
Specify the outcomes of the project milestones. What was the impact on the client or team?
Old habit: Just grab a standard benchmark (e.g., GLUE, ImageNet, MMLU) and test your method there. Problem today: Those benchmarks might not stress the thing your method is designed for. You’ll conclude your idea “doesn’t work,” when in fact you just used the wrong test.
important
the powerful arsenal of intellectual analyses, historical and expository information; allusions, references, metaphors; all of interiority, in fact. But isn’t that everything? you may ask. Why would a writer give up so much, in exchange for the unknown? Precisely because the theater is an adventure
O: As someone who loves more classical literature, all of those interior details sound like what fleshes out and makes a story great, but I also wouldn't have considered a play lacking of any important parts of storytelling. Therefore I appreciate Oate's description of how a play must instead force the writer to sacrifice devices of prose style to make way for a new style formed by a collaboration between many other artists (actors, directors, sets, etc.); in short an exciting, completely new experience with each performance.
We learn that the text of the play is not the play, still less is the written and published text of the play anything like the theatrical experience, which will vary considerably with individual productions, each production being a complex vision worked up into performance by an individual director-artist in company with individual actor-artists.
E：I think “the text of the play is not the play” means that reading a play is very different from seeing it performed. The performance depends on the director and actors, so the written words alone don’t show the full experience.
We learn that the text of the play is not the play, still less is the written and published text of the play anything like the theatrical experience, which will vary considerably with individual productions, each production being a complex vision worked up into performance by an individual director-artist in company with individual actor-artists.
O： Oates said the written play is not the same as seeing it performed. Each production is different because the director and actor bring their own ideas, so the play can feel new every time it is performed.
Your imagination is actively engaged. The silent reading of a play can be a “staging” that may in truth be more rewarding, and closer to the playwright’s intentions, than one or another actual production.
O: I find this connection to the mind of the readers fascinating, I never thought of the personal imagery.
analyzing how arguments play on emotion
Huge role in connecting with the audience
Then we use these notes to draw a visual map of an argument
Dissecting key components of the argument visually
gain the audience’s trust
IMPORTANT!
Some of us can sometimes think that these things aren't that close to home, but they are if we broaden our view, because a leaky faucet in our kitchen, broken radiator in our hallway, those parts of the house that we always say we're going to get to next week, they're devaluing our whole property.
I found the speaker’s analogy about a leaky faucet especially powerful. It illustrates how small, overlooked issues within our public education system can quietly devalue not just individual student outcomes but the overall health and potential of our society. Just as neglecting small repairs in a home can lower its property value, neglecting the foundational needs of our schools- such as adequate funding, mental health resources, and teacher compensation- undermines the value of public education as a whole. If we, as a nation and especially as educators, begin to advocate more fiercely for equitable resources, livable wages, and meaningful student support systems, we can start to reverse that decline and restore public education as the great equalizer it was always meant to be.
& birds about you what do you say to it
I observed the use of the phrase "birds about you". I am not immediately sure how to interpret this, but it stands out to me as an idiom which I've never heard before. I would presume that he's referring those present in the courtroom as "birds".
Do you think these suffer voluntary or involuntary
I observe that the person questioning the nurse asked her if she believes the alleged victims were suffering voluntarily or involuntarily. I interpret this as a rhetorical question, as when she states that she can't tell, the questioner states that "everyone can judge".
This a true account of the sume of her examination but by reason of geat noyses by the afflicted & many speakers, many things are pretermitted
I observe the statement that while the contents of this document describe true occurrences, there were certain minute details that were left out ("pretermitted") due to the nature of the examination in question. My interpretation of this is that it's meant to be a disclaimer for those reading the document, perhaps for legal purposes at the time.
Witchcraft
I observed the use of the word "Witchcraft", which sticks out as a very strong word choice. my interpretation is that it speaks to the time period, as this was a time when there was still widespread belief in witchcraft as well as witch trials going on in Europe.
Students engaged more withpositively evaluated annotated texts and disengaged from nega-tively annotated texts.
You can easily give constructive criticism and keep the moral of the write on a high note
Moreover, gi-ven the findings on self-esteem and assessment, there is no guar-antee the effects of annotation will be received positively.
Students can view annotations as a complete negative and it can effect their moral
Any written feedback processhowever, should be made with a view to transforming problemsto improve the situation for the next time
All annotations should be written to help the writer. It can be criticism but the goal needs to be to in the end help the student improve their writing.
to atextual interaction where ‘‘the annotator slips in between readerand text with a note”
annotations are like having a conversation between the writer and the annotator
A function offeedback is therefore to engage students fully in the formativestage, capture their enthusiasm, and reinforce good advice promot-ing learning and not failure
Annotating with very negative words or expression can cause students to not understand what the problem is. This helps no one.
Being able to decipher annotation is therefore key to good prac-tice, and success depends on its transparency so that students donot misinterpret intended meanings.
Being able to comprehend the annotations can greatly effect your grade positively
Marshall issuggesting that the dimension of interpretation lies between theinterstices of reading and writing, where value, tone, purposeful-ness and such like are translated into meaning.
Agree, sometimes it can be hard for the annotator to get how extreme or not so extreme a problem is within the writing.
Many annotations are telegraphic and incomplete. A high-lighted sentence, a cryptic marginal ‘‘No!” an unexplained link,a reading history, or a bookmark all poses interpretive difficul-ties for anyone other than the original annotator
Annotation can be confusing and cause problem, however if the problem is clearly stated them it can be helpful
formative assessment can guide students’ performance over timein multiple problem-solving situations and improve performanceprior to grading
This is what I am accustomed too. Constructive criticism on my writing and then make the adjustments required to improve the grade.
Students who receive evaluative annotations are more likely topay closer attention to feedback than are students who receivethe same material without annotation
I feel like it is easier to fix mistakes when highlighted by annotation because thee mistake is right beside the annotation
However, underliningstudent essays has no impact on the students’ perception of pooressay technique
Annotations create a clear adjustment, underlining has no production and can cause confusion
major impact on the way we read and reviewprimary texts – this practise has made its way into how student es-says are read – writing in the margins or using the comment tool inword-processing packages to feedback on students’ work is nowcommon practice.
I feel like annotating is a great editing tool. Suggesting minor updates to an essay is easy with annoitations.
What parent would sit on their hands and tell themself, “I want to give my child a better life, but oh well. If I don’t have the papers, I guess it would be wrong”?
The thought process and reasoning behind it is an example of sociological thinking. Put yourself into their shoes
profit: the greater the risks, the greater the potential for profit (or loss). Companies that take too conservative a stance may lose out to more nimble competitors who react quickly to the changing business environment.
I love that this article talks about how much risk is important in a successful business. I completely agree that if you play it too safely you will only get to safe results and will be less likely to "make it big" as most people say.
electricity. Today urban sprawl, pollution, and limited resources have raised questions about resource use. Conservationists, environmentalists, and government bodies are proposing laws to require land-use planning and resource conservation.
I am very interested as to what sprawl pollution is and how I can learn more about it especially since it may be a big environmental topic.
Historically, the devaluation of musical theater dance revealsracial and gender biases as well as an ideahzation of artisticindependence from audience desire or market forces thatfails upon inspection in concert dance, in which choreogra-phen collaborate, compromise, and contend with capitahsm,albeit not quite as exphcidy as in the for-profit world ofBroadway
This is the argument.
cholars critique those whopractice without learning the history of the form's roots inAfrican American culture or show a commitment to Blackhberation in the present
that's fair
hip-hop (popping, locking, etc.) with musical theater'sballet/tap/theatrical jazz tiifecta and contemporary commercial dance
as if the genre keeps borrowing and adding
In the next breath, however, he stated thathe wished he had the funds for trap doors for his own company - pointing to the fact that Broadway constraints can alsobe opportunities to expand creativity (Mattingly 1998)
The author shows many examples of criticism, that then turn into the norm as people get more used to certain ideas
An uncomfortable part of musical theater dance's history is how the AIDSepidemic, which decimated the Broadway community byclaiming thousands of gay men's lives in the 1980s and 1990s,resulted in an opening for women choreographers and directors.
This is an interesting revelation.
here's the Beat?" dancers portray a thinly veiled and mocking take on the Nicholas Brothen, portraying them as havinglost the Africanist core of tap's waist-down rhythms by adopting an acrobatic, ftdl-bodied "jazz tap"
There is a lot of critique of anything anyone does.
Black, but "masculine," a departure from the Hne oftap-dancing chorus girls in the musicals of yor
Intresting how it shows gender as well
social world
When I think about the social world, I think of school at Framingham State and how much it has done for me. I think of social media like Facebook and instagram. I want to know more about ways to fit into the world socially. I have been an introvert most of my life and I think it is my time to start branching out and manage work with play
All human thought is subject to errors in thinking and reasoning.
The good thing about this is that it doesn't have to be perfect. Even if I want it to be perfect, people will always find flaws in anything that I do. That has just been my experience. I can take when I know and apply it to my Research and hoepfully come out with more wisdom than what I know now.
what should be done in a given situation,
I once met a woman who told me to never use the word "should". I now know exactly what she meant that everyone has their own implemented bias and it is up to me to understand what that means
intuition
I think intuition has guided me my whole entire life. If i didn't have positive intuition I wouldn't have the ability to make the right decisions. In terms of research, picking a topic I am familiar with, intuitively, will spark innovative ideas within the class
You must actively contribute to the success of small group work and discussions, and to group presentations when assigned.
Although it is hard to stay motivated in an online setting when it comes to staying active in extensive discussions, there are also ways that us as students can advance our contribution to any discussion. In the end, demonstrating effective engagement in any discussion is helpful not just for your grade, but also for the sake of making discussions more academic and argumentative.
You must demonstrate curiosity about new subjects and perspectives andbe willing to exert time and energy to pursue that curiosity.
This is crucial in any Political Science/International Relations course you take. Demonstrating curiosity will help you stay motivated, but also allows you to be willing and able to research the content above and beyond normal expectations.
Our solution was to supply the barebones of the rituals andprovide step-by-step instruction in the necessary visualizations as they occur inthe ceremonies.
How to use the book
The power to confer asuccessful initiation comes from either having had it awakened internally byanother proficient initiator or, in the case of self-initiation, by undertaking a greatdeal of magical and meditative work
How to self-initiate & its aims
The grades of the GoldenDawn correspond to the Sephiroth on the Qabalistic Tree of Life.
The structure of GD initiation
there are two forms of initiation: astral and physical
On astral and physical initiation
Here we will refer to the current of theGolden Dawn as a specific stream of energy that has empowered the Western
On magical currents
by repeated performance of such rituals as the Opening byWatchtower and the Middle Pillar Exercise, the aspiring magician could effectivelybe considered an initiate of the G:. D:. current
On self-initiation
The goal of all magical processes is the purification of the naturalhuman being-that is, the extraction of the pure gold of spiritual Selfhood from thehusk of the outer personality.
The goal of magic
mem-orization of certain materials known collectively as "Knowledge Lectures" is veryimportant.
The relation between the Knowledge Lectures and magical praxis
This initial step is the enfolding of theDivine Light; the gentle nurturing of the spark of consciousness within the InnerSelf
The spirit of initiation
The very name of the Order-The Golden Dawn-alludes tothe shining brilliance of the Eternal and Divine Light, breaking through the con-fines of Darkness to herald the birth of a new day in the evolution of humankind.
Details about The Golden Dawn
It must grow out of the hardwork of ongoing dialogue and negotiationamong colleagues.
This seems like a crucial point for the remainder of this article. The authors are trying to articulate this vision for a culturally responsive teacher, but the idea is that, culturally responsive teachers both require other culturally responsive teachers and also have to engage in culturally responsive teaching - it's the chicken-egg stuff you get in Aristotle. I want to think more about what sort of teaching environment would be required to allow teachers to become culturally responsive. What does the administrative environment need to be like? Class size? Union? Salary? What are the material/professional conditions necessary for the emergence of SRT?
labels.csv contains the labels for the training images
There are not labels for the testing images?
Answer to Question 1.5: Pyrogens cause body temperature to rise by acting on the hypothalamus, which controls the body’s thermostat. They trigger:
Vasoconstriction – blood vessels narrow, reducing heat loss.
Shivering – muscles generate more heat.
Reduced sweating – less heat is lost through evaporation.
Together, these responses raise body temperature, producing a fever.
Answer to Question 1.6: Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.
Answer to Question 1.7:
Answer to Question 1.8:
Answer to Question 1.9: d
Answer to Question 1.10: c
Answer to Question 1.11: b
Answer to Question 1.12:
If secretion of a body chemical became too great: The negative feedback loop would attempt to reduce or stop secretion to bring levels back to normal. If the system fails, it could lead to imbalances or disease.
Answer to Question 1.13:
Here, value refers not tothe monetary value of records, but their value in attestingto the events from which they emerged, their value inrepresenting some important aspect of the past, and, in somestrands of archival thinking, their value for present andfuture users.
I thought this was a poignant reminder that archive means the past does not end, but provides an understanding of what to do, and what not to do, based on what was already done. It’s also a reminder that archivists are not burdened with the responsibility of their biased opinions as the determining factor of a collection, rather a skill set in valuing what’s best for the repository.
The first important observation is that state-of-the-art approaches,except CPM, fail to produce an embedding for the complete dataset (containing 100,000 cells),due to their reliance on pairwise distances for the computation of embeddings, which scalesquadratically in the number of cells
This doesn't feel quite fair, as UMAP and tSNE were designed to handle datasets of this size and have been widely used to generate embeddings for single-cell datasets of this size and larger. Also, I believe at least UMAP is sub-quadratic in the number of samples, as it uses an approximate kNN algorithm that is n log n.
Figure 3: Space and time complexity analysis.
Minor comment: using a log-log scale for these plots would be helpful, as it would prevent the reference methods (UMAP, tSNE, PHATE) from appearing as a flat line.
On synthetic trees with up to 5 generations and 34,000individuals, CPM cuts distortion by > 99%
It would be helpful to clarify what this claim is based on, as I can't see anything in Figure 2 that indicates a 99% change in any of the metrics between CPM and PM.
ʹŷӧ, ӧ+j ӧӧ 'ӧ#+,ӧ ӧ+ ] ӧ#+,ӧ +, ӧ ""ӧ +ӧ"
Brings together the idea that play is all around us
ӧ#4²ӧk ӧ*ӧ*ӧ ӧ)ӧvk ӧ= ӧ4 h Ÿ*ӧ>#4ӧ
This is more for the response for children. It is importantly for health benefits, not really for a joyful activity I think.
ӧ >4 *ӧ 4{ӧ > ӧ 4ӧ !>*ӧ k ӧ 4> *ӧ
I think it is more of the societal expectation that reject the word play for adults. Play does have very childish connotations. For example, instead of role play for kids, you have acting for actors. It’s the same thing, just a different label.
ӧ#4 ӧ4>ӧk ӧ)%ӧ (*ӧ ӧ.ō
It is because of the notion of responsibility. Adults have more of such, so they lose the value of play compared to children
ӧAμ<ú <ӧ T $ ӧ Bӧ < ӧ Èμ A _ӧ
Would you then say that play can make play in some way? Like in the game uno, your own unique rules can create a new form of play, or is it still the same?
yYƧ yƧ02ü
Is this more of the interactive side of media like when Dora asked a question to the audience expecting an answer, or just any kind
ӧƃ'j E ӧ,ӧ# ӧ02 Ƨ + ӧB.ӧӧ:+ ӧNӧj ӧj. ӧ,"" S
Could there be limits to their interpretation, like when some days don’t play around, does our mind shift to not seeing the moment as a game
Accordingly, flow today incorporates the very sys-tems that propel global capitalism and determine ourpositions within it. The consumption of mediated tex-tual sequences is important, but only one small aspectof this grand flow, which incorporates flows of energy,raw materials, labor, finance, and information across
Kompare argues that flow today goes past media and reflects global systems like capitalism. The "movement" of energy, resources, labor, and information shapes how media is produced and consumed. Media flow is just one part of this network, showing that our media habits are connected to economic and social dynamics.
audience, the proliferation of user-generated content,the multiple platforms through which media texts areconsumed, and the ongoing war between feminismand antifeminism are presenting new challenges andopportunities for further elaboration of feminist mediaanalysis to the ongoing, explosive changes in our digitalenvironment and how it too is now profoundly shap-ing gender identity, performance, relationships, and thestill elusive hope for gender equality
media is not just entertainment, it can actively influences ideas of gender and the fight for equality. It can also influence culture such as in the way of fashion, language, etc.
Speaking Native languages and practicing religious or familial customs were violently punished in these Boarding Schools (Lomawaima 2018).
In Boarding Schools, Native languages and cultural practices were often suppressed through violent and systematic methods (Lomawaima, 2018). Students were frequently punished for speaking their native languages, sometimes facing physical punishment, verbal abuse, or detention if they were caught using their Indigenous tongues. This policy aimed to erase Indigenous identities and assimilate students into Euro-American cultural norms, often forcing them to abandon their family traditions, spiritual practices, and ways of life. Religious and familial customs, which were central to Indigenous communities, were considered threatening to the colonial agenda of cultural domination, leading to their suppression through coercive measures. This violent suppression not only caused immediate harm to the students but also contributed to intergenerational trauma, loss of cultural knowledge, and the ongoing marginalization of Native identities.
Imru-Ul-Quais' poem centers on themes of loss, longing, and memory, as he recalls past loves and mourns the traces of abandoned camps while weaving his grief into vivid depictions of nature, desire, and the desolate world around him. I paused at the line, “Nay, the cure of my sorrow must come from gushing tears. Yet, is there any hope that this desolation can bring me solace?” because it complicates the usual idea of mourning as a release, suggesting instead that memory may intensify pain rather than ease it. What especially captured my imagination, however, was the elaborate description of his horse, whose speed, strength, and other features seem to embody both the poet’s vitality and the severe beauty of the desert. The horse appears tireless (“he did not even sweat so as to need washing” after outrunning wild game") and is compared to natural forces like torrents and fire, suggesting a kind of resistance to human limits that contrasts sharply with the poem’s opening images of loss and desolation. This blending of personal sorrow with natural and animal imagery makes me think about how pre-Islamic poetry connects human emotion to the environment/nature, which could be an area to explore further.
These artists succeed partly because they transcend the language barriers we identified—either through English dominance or, in K-pop's case, through production styles that work across languages. British, Canadian, and Australian artists benefit from the same English-language algorithmic advantage.
I suggest we replace the em dash with :
either
if we leave the em dash, we can remove 'either'
Yet it is a characteristic for which hardly any of our receivedmodes of observation and description prepare us. The reviewingof television programmes is of course of uneven quality, but inmost even of the best reviews there is a conventional persistencefrom earlier models. Reviewers pick out this play or that feature,this discussion programme or that documentary. I reviewed tele-vision once a month over four years, and I know how muchmore settling, more straightforward, it is to do that. For most ofthe items there are some received procedures, and the method,the vocabulary, for a specific kind of description and responseexists or can be adapted.
Williams says that most ways of reviewing TV come from older media like theatre, film, and books. Reviewers usually focus on one program at a time a play, a documentary, a discussion because that’s the normal way to write criticism
American television this development was different; the spon-sored programmes incorporated the advertising from the outset,from the initial conception, as part of the whole package. Butit is now obvious, in both British and American commercialtelevision, that the notion of ‘interruption’, while it has stillsome residual force from an older model, has becomeprogramming: distribution and flow90
In the U.S., shows were sponsored from the start, so ads were built in as part of the program. In Britain, ads were inserted later, breaking up the content
Meanwhile, sporting events, especially footballmatches, as they became increasingly important public occa-sions, included entertainment such as music or marching intheir intervals.
Williams points out that sports events like football games became big public gatherings, not just about the sport. This also shows how sports developed into a mix of different kinds of entertainment
From the late nine-teenth century this came to be reflected in formal layout,culminating in the characteristic jigsaw effect of the modernprogramming: distribution and flow 87
He points out that TV didn't invent this style of mixing, it came from earlier media like newspapers
a survey of 1,000 college studentsfound that nearly 90 percent of them had used the chatbot to help with homework assignments.
The rise of Chat in the past year has been such an impressive bit also a scary jump!
Its important for us to consider how students perceive the actions we take towards classroom management. We want to be careful not to make reinforcements seem bias or personal. Students process behaviors much differently than adults.
Our analysis of algorithmic influence shows how these feedback loops can amplify existing dominance patterns.
I added this to send home the message:
"Our analysis of algorithmic influence reveals how these feedback loops amplify existing dominance patterns, reinforcing the global reach of already-successful acts while limiting exposure for homegrown talent."
Of course, some artists from non-English-speaking countries record in English too — but the lack of a language barrier, combined with the sheer global reach of the American music industry, gives US acts a natural advantage in English-speaking markets like the UK.
Of course, some artists from non-English-speaking countries record in English, too. Still, the lack of a language barrier, combined with the sheer global reach of the American music industry, gives US acts a natural advantage in English-speaking markets like the UK.
British artists must compete not just locally, but against the full arsenal of American pop culture — from TikTok algorithms favoring US hits to the nonstop flood of US releases. In non-English speaking countries, language can act as a natural buffer for local talent. In the UK, that protection doesn't exist. Scholars like Robert Phillipson have long argued that the dominance of English reinforces cultural hierarchies — a dynamic clearly reflected in Britain's charts.
added (and removed) a few commas and hyphen
"British artists must compete not just locally but against the full arsenal of American pop culture — from TikTok algorithms favouring US hits to the nonstop flood of US releases. In non-English-speaking countries, language can act as a natural buffer for local talent. In the UK, that protection doesn't exist. Scholars like Robert Phillipson have long argued that the dominance of English reinforces cultural hierarchies — a dynamic clearly reflected in Britain's charts."
Nearly every major European country gives more chart presence to their domestic artists than the UK. Spain, with just 28% for local artists, comes closest to Britain's low levels. However, Spain imports most of its music from Puerto Rico (30%) rather than from the USA (7.5%), unlike Britain. Meanwhile, musical powerhouses like Sweden—home to ABBA and modern pop architects Max Martin—maintain a majority share for their domestic artists despite massive international success.
This brings more clarity:
"Nearly every major European country gives more chart presence to their domestic artists than the UK. With just 28% for local artists, Spain comes closest to Britain's low levels. However, unlike Britain, Spain imports most of its music from Puerto Rico (30%) rather than from the U.S. (7.5%). Meanwhile, musical powerhouses like Sweden—home to ABBA and modern pop architect Max Martin—maintain a majority share for their domestic artists despite massive international success."
Czech Republic
The formal name is the Czech Republic
Genre preferences trump geographic loyalty. Artists find their biggest audiences not necessarily where they're from, but where their sound resonates culturally. Country music thrives in country markets, hip-hop in hip-hop cities — regardless of the artist's hometown. California's dominance isn't just about having great artists; it's about having artists whose genres align with local tastes.
Overall, genre preferences trump geographic loyalty. Artists find their biggest audiences not necessarily where they are from, but where their sound resonates culturally. Country music thrives in country markets, while hip-hop prevails in hip-hop cities, regardless of the artist's hometown. California's musical dominance stems not just from having great artists but those whose genres align with local tastes.
Here's where the story gets surprising: While American artists capture 78.8% of national charts, most U.S. cities barely listen to their own state's artists at all. Chicago—home of Kanye, Chance the Rapper, and house music—gives just 0.2% of chart positions to Illinois artists. Detroit, which gave the world Motown and Eminem, matches that with 0.2% for Michigan artists. Even New Orleans, the birthplace of jazz, devotes only 0.4% to Louisiana talent. The stunning exception? California. Every single California city analyzed lands in the top 5 nationally, with Los Angeles streaming 28% California artists—that's 138 times more hometown loyalty than Chicago. The reason is simple: California doesn't just produce artists, it produces global megastars like Kendrick Lamar, Billie Eilish, and Tyler, The Creator who dominate both worldwide and at home. The chart below reveals which cities actually support their home-state artists—and which musical capitals have surprisingly abandoned their own:
Here's where the story gets surprising: While American artists capture 78.8% of national charts, most U.S. cities barely listen to their own state's artists.
Chicago—home to Kanye, Chance the Rapper, and house music—offers just 0.2% of chart positions to Illinois artists. Similarly, Detroit, which gave the world Motown and Eminem, matches that with 0.2% for Michigan artists. Even New Orleans, where jazz first took shape, devotes only 0.4% to Louisiana talent.
The notable exception? California. Every city analyzed from the Golden State ranks in the national top 5, with Los Angeles streaming 28% California artists—138 times more hometown loyalty than Chicago. The reason is clear: California doesn't just produce artists but global megastars like Kendrick Lamar, Billie Eilish, and Tyler, The Creator, who dominate both worldwide and at home.
The chart below reveals which cities actually support their home-state artists and which musical capitals have surprisingly abandoned their own:
Meanwhile, Chicago gives just 0.2% to Illinois artists, Detroit 0.2% to Michigan artists, and even New Orleans—birthplace of jazz—manages only 0.4% for Louisiana artists. That's a 138-fold difference between LA and Chicago.
Meanwhile, Chicago gives just 0.2% to Illinois artists, Detroit 0.2% to Michigan artists, and even New Orleans—the birthplace of jazz—manages only 0.4% for Louisiana artists. That’s a staggering 138-fold difference between LA and Chicago.
see what percentage
see the percentage
Canada dedicates 76% of its charts to U.S. music—almost as much as America itself. Australia and New Zealand hover near 70%, while the UK, despite its massive music industry, still gives 55% to American artists. These countries don't just share a language; they share a musical universe.
Canada dedicates 76% of its charts to U.S. music, almost as much as America itself. Australia and New Zealand hover near 70%, while the UK still gives 55% to American artists despite its massive music industry. These countries don't just share a language; they share a musical universe.
The reverse is equally telling. Missouri native Chappell Roan and St. Louis-born (but New Jersey-raised) SZA are actually more popular in Northeast and West Coast cities than in Missouri. In St. Louis, these two artists capture just 8% of chart presence combined — barely beating Tennessee's Morgan Wallen at 7%. A country superstar from another state nearly matches them in Missouri's biggest city.
The reverse is equally telling. Missouri native Chappell Roan and St. Louis-born SZA—raised in New Jersey—are more popular in Northeast and West Coast cities than in their home state. In St. Louis, these two artists capture just 8% of chart presence combined, barely beating Tennessee's Morgan Wallen at 7%. A country superstar from another state nearly matches their presence in Missouri's largest city.
This divide has everything to do with regional music tastes. Take Kendrick Lamar: The California rapper commands roughly 10% of streaming activity in his home state's cities. But he also dominates in places like Detroit, Portland, and Phoenix — cities far from California but culturally receptive to his West Coast sound. Meanwhile, he gets minimal play in Southern strongholds like Memphis and Nashville, where country music reigns.
This divide highlights the influence of regional music preferences. Take Kendrick Lamar, for example: the California rapper accounts for roughly 10% of streaming activity in his home state's cities. However, he also enjoys significant popularity in cities like Detroit, Portland, and Phoenix, far from home, where listeners embrace his West Coast sound. In contrast, he gets minimal play in Southern strongholds like Memphis and Nashville, where country music reigns.
Kendrick Lamar commands 10% of streaming (nearly equal to #1), with Travis Scott, Eminem, and Future all in the top 15
Kendrick Lamar commands 10% of streams—nearly matching the #1 pop artist—while Travis Scott, Eminem, and Future all secure spots in the top 15.
79% of U.S. charts feature American artists (#6 globally for local loyalty) California owns hometown pride: LA dedicates 28% to local artists vs Chicago's 0.2% Genre beats geography: Tennessee's Morgan Wallen (7%) nearly matches St. Louis natives Chappell Roan and SZA combined (8%) — in their own city American music conquers the Anglosphere: Canada gives 76% of chart positions to U.S. music, but India resists at just 2%
American listeners are fiercely loyal to their own talent. Based on our analysis of Spotify's weekly charts, U.S.-based artists captured 79% of chart positions within the country, placing the U.S. 6th out of 73 countries in local artist loyalty. The U.S. trails only countries like India, Italy, and Vietnam when it comes to favoring local artists, but dominates European markets where local artists capture just 29% in the UK, 48% in Germany, and 60% in France.
American listeners are fiercely loyal to their own talent. Based on our analysis of Spotify's weekly charts, U.S.-based artists captured 79% of chart positions within the country, placing the U.S. 6th out of 73 in local artist loyalty. The U.S. trails only countries like India, Italy, and Vietnam in favoring local artists more. Still, it dominates European markets, where local artists capture just 29% in the UK, 48% in Germany, and 60% in France.
“Make this like something in the New Yorker,” “do this in the style of John McPhee”
This matters because generating specific and precise outcomes requires a deep understanding and knowledge of heritage, history, as well as styles and languages, allowing for more effective and thoughtful outcomes.
Specific heat is the heat required to raise the temperature of one unit substance (e.g., gram) through a particular temperature interval (1oC, for example). The specific heat of water is 1 calorie/gram °C = 4.186 joule/gram °C which is higher than any other common substance on Earth.
specific heat is very importanant due to needing to raise temperature
"Sentimientos de impotencia, inmovilidad y congelación. Si la hiperactivación es el acelerador del sistema nervioso, una sensación de impotencia abrumadora es su freno. La impotencia que se experimenta en esos momentos no es la sensación ordinaria de impotencia que puede afectar a cualquiera de vez en cuando. Es la sensación de estar colapsado, inmovilizado y completamente indefenso. No es una percepción, creencia o un truco de la imaginación. Es real". ― Peter A. Levine, Sanando el trauma: un programa pionero para restaurar la sabiduría de su cuerpo
,
"He llegado a la conclusión de que los seres humanos nacen con una capacidad innata para triunfar sobre el trauma. Creo no solo que el trauma es curable, sino que el proceso de curación puede ser un catalizador para un despertar profundo, un portal que se abre a una transformación emocional y espiritual genuina. Tengo pocas dudas de que, como individuos, familias, comunidades e incluso naciones, tenemos la capacidad de aprender a sanar y prevenir gran parte del daño causado por el trauma. Al hacerlo, aumentaremos significativamente nuestra capacidad para lograr nuestros sueños individuales y colectivos". ― Peter A. Levine, Sanando el trauma: un programa pionero para restaurar la sabiduría de su cuerpo
.
Like I did just now to keep myself off of my phone to lock in on my work, I set a timer on an app called flora that "grows a tree" and will do damage to said tree if you close the app. I can also simply just set aside a time every day to sit down and focus on my school work weather that is with a friend or alone.
Juan: can cut down to working part time to give himself time to work, study, and spend time with his mom. Becky: Can set aside time to work on both her senior thesis and her community project. Sachito: When her husband wishes to spend time with his friends on the weekends, she can contact her sister and ask for help babysitting her kids. This way both her and her husband both get the time they need to themselves and their individual goals.
With the student who shows negative attitude about college would get distracted more easily and find any reason not to do their work. Whereas with the student with a positive attitude about college would lock in and focus on their school work.
Today: I want to get this half of the discussion done and take some time to myself to watch my show. This week: I want to get all my school work done and go out to the football game. This month: I want to focus on my school work while also focusing on balancing my social life.
For years, geographers have used aerial photographs to study the Earth’s surface
Shows how long ago this was with how much studying was done
uspects carrying bacteria and parasites that cause maladies like Lyme disease, anaplasmosis or babesiosis.
Interesting to see other diseases associated with tick bites such as anaplasmosis or babesiosis, as often we only hear about Lyme disease in the media
Theprofession was also greatly influenced by technological advances such as the microcomputer,interactive video, CD-ROM, and the Internet.
It's hard to believe that students I currently teach have no idea what some of these technological advances were even from 1994. I know in 30 years we will be questioning some of the new advancements happening now in 2025.
However, in the past 50years the terms that have been used most frequently have been andeducational technology
When telling others what my masters degree is in, they are like huh? I can see that the terms have been changed and still today, many don't know the definition of the field.
The most obvious difference
Some other things I thought of that could influence how they respond to habitat loss are the reproductive difference btwn moths and butterflies as well as their dispersal strengths.
In fragmented habitats, species with high reproductivepotential may suffer less because a large number ofoffspring implies a large number of potential emigrants,increasing the chance of colonization of empty habitatpatches
Its also important to note there are negatives to high reproductive potential in fragmented habitats. For example; low parental investment in offspring, specialist possibly being pushed out, diversity loss, etc.
an understanding of social systems and large bureaucracies; the ability to devise and carry out research projects to assess whether a program or policy is working; the ability to collect, read, and analyze statistical information from polls or surveys; the ability to recognize important differences in people’s social, cultural, and economic backgrounds; skills in preparing reports and communicating complex ideas; and the capacity for critical thinking about social issues and problems that confront modern society. (Department of Sociology, University of Alabama-Huntsville)
These are all key details and proven benefits from sociology and how it helps us in the workplace and real life situations.
Since it was first founded, many people interested in sociology have been driven by the scholarly desire to contribute knowledge to this field, while others have seen it as way not only to study society but also to improve it. Besides desegregation, sociology has played a crucial role in many important social reforms, such as equal opportunity for women in the workplace, improved treatment for individuals with mental illnesses or learning disabilities, increased accessibility and accommodation for people with physical disabilities, the right of native populations to preserve their land and culture, and prison system reforms.
It is quite the interesting topic I never was interested in the study of society until I learned more about it, gives us the big picture like Lili said above. Its a unique tool to have.
In answering this letter, please state if there would be any safety for my Milly and Jane, who are now grown up, and both good-looking girls. You know how it was with poor Matilda and Catherine. I would rather stay here and starve—and die, if it come to that—than have my girls brought to shame by the violence and wickedness of their young masters. You will also please state if there has been any schools opened for the colored children in your neighborhood. The great desire of my life now is to give my children an education, and have them form virtuous habits.
I really like this part because is about a father who wants safety and education for his daughters. He is very worried the could be hurt, and he says he would rather die than let that happen. He also asks about schools because he wants his kids to learn and live better lives. It shows how hard life was for enslaved people, but also how much they cared about families.
Sometimes when we're stuck making and repeating the same stretch mistake, the issue may be that we're mindlessly going through the motions, rather than truly focusing on improving our abilities.
I find this verbage interesting. Considering the premise of a stretch mistake, I find it interesting that one could stretch their abilities, make a mistake, and not learn from that mistake
"It is well to cultivate a friendly feeling towards error, to treat it as a companion inseparable from our lives, as something having a purpose which it truly has." - Maria Montessori
I really like these quotes, but another one that comes to mind is the one about mistakes being an integral part of learning.
Conflict theory looks at society as a competition for limited resources. This perspective is a macro-level approach most identified with the writings of German philosopher and economist Karl Marx, who saw society as being made up of individuals in different social classes
This brings in Karl Marx and how he believed in the macro perspective of rich and working class comparisons. An example is an old money new money thing, a man whose worked hard and have had generations of money built up rather than a man who just wins a lottery ticket and gets rich instantly.
Émile Durkheim applied Spencer’s theory to explain how societies change and survive over time. Durkheim believed that society is a complex system of interrelated and interdependent parts that work together to maintain stability (Durkheim, 1893), and that society is held together by shared values, languages, and symbols. He believed that to study society, a sociologist must look beyond individuals to social facts such as laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashion, and rituals, which all serve to govern social life
Like in 1.3 society is studied over the way people are influenced on beliefs, money, power, etc. Durkheim explains that there are complex parts of society with independent factors but all bind in together in the ways we live.
or millennia, people have been fascinated by the relationships between individuals and societies.
This is such a wide topic as well there is so many great subjects as well as when it narrows down to the details of sociology and its past.
Sociologists identify and study patterns related to all kinds of contemporary social issues. The “Stop and Frisk” policy, the emergence of new political factions, how Twitter influences everyday communication—these are all examples of topics that sociologists might explore.
the patterns we use in life are big things sociologists study because eventually it will change and then they go into detail on why it changed and what for. they also would explore what says the stop and frisk policy and it goes over everyday communication.
Consider the changes in U.S. families. The “typical” family in past decades consisted of married parents living in a home with their unmarried children. Today, the percent of unmarried couples, same-sex couples, single-parent and single-adult households is increasing
This is a study that the households being occupied by unmarried people, same sex couples, and single parents are increasing over time.
ulture encompasses a group’s way of life, from routine, everyday interactions to the most important parts of group members’ lives. It includes everything produced by a society, including all the social rules.
There is culture all around us in everything we see from religious things to peoples daily living items that are just parts of our society as a whole that we consider our culture.
Sociology is the scientific and systematic study of groups and group interactions, societies and social interactions, from small and personal groups to very large groups
Sociology is a wide range of the study of people and our daily lives.
because of theirrole in the crisis sparked by the 2003 US invasion and subsequent civil war
Feels like the main reason here
hormone
stimulating hormone produced by the pituitary,
of
absence or underdevelopment of the parathyroid glands
only in the adrenal glands
are present predominantly in the adrenal glands and gonads.
bound
"mostly bound" The small percentage of unbound, free hormones are the active form.
JAK-STAT
Change to "Receptors that activate the JAK-STAT pathway"
and the JAK-STAT pathway
JAK-STAT is not a receptor. Ligands bind to a cell surface receptor and that activates the JAK-STAT pathway. So, this should be removed from that sentence or described separately, such as ..."and the cell surface receptors that activate the JAK-STAT pathway."
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and they bind intracellular receptors in the "nuclear receptor" family.
.
The rate of clearance of a steroid hormone also affects the total concentration of the hormone in the cell.
They may study the ways that conditions of a train station affect attitudes about government, or how the difficulty of commuting may lead people to relocate. This understanding isn’t just a collection of interesting facts; it can influence government policy and spending decisions, employer interventions, and healthcare practices.
This study can go onto other aspects rather than just a commuter station but almost every situation in the world thats why sociology is such a drastic subject.
hen you see someone running for the train, do you jam the closing door with your foot? How does the crowd treat people who ask for food or money? What’s the risk level in telling someone to be quiet?
Theres so many variables in our situations that can effect so many things with just one simple change in routine.
It may seem surprising, but even with those numbers, strangers from across cities can synch up on the same schedules, use the same doors, take one leg of the trip together every day before separating into different directions.
This shows we can stick around with that same person every day going to this certain place around this time then eventually splitting off into our daily lives.
A busy commuter train station might seem like a very individualized place. Tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of strangers flow through with a singular purpose: to get where they need to go.
It seems at first that theres just a lot of random people going in random directions going to random places but the more we dive into this we will discover the details behind our everyday sights.
By lumping together such a hugely diverse group of countries without any seemingly connecting geographical characteristics actually works to deepen those divisions and highlight the cultural differences between the many, many different peoples pf the region.
This is the main idea. The empires of the middle ages have now been turned into nations with their own political, religious, and cultural backgrounds that continue to diminish the connections in the region, thus making a "unified" MIddle East less probable if not really an unrealistic and problematic idea.
Industrial capitalism brought wealth and it brought poverty; it created owners and investors and it created employees. But whether winners or losers in the new economy, all Americans reckoned in some way with their new industrial world.
While the Gilded Age seem like a distant past it built the U.S. and shaped the way the country was built. The modern era lives in the reminiscence of the gilded age. Both era’s brought great wealth and poverty.
When local police forces would not or could not suppress the strikes, governors called out state militias to break them and restore rail service
I believe calling in the militia added fuel to the strikes. I believe that people would have eventually calmed down. That “Robber Baron’s” and Union heads would worked out a deal. The militia killed people who weren’t involved. That turned from a rail worker problem to an everyone problem.
construct ponds
Why did the officials considered ponds as 'good and effective' defence mechanism when it was so high maintenance? What made ponds seem a better option over traditional mechanisms like walls and forts?
Step NaN of 3
just a heads up that the final boxes for all click-throughs are saying Step NaN of 3 right now!